AVE

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Template:Infobox rail company

Alta Velocidad Española (AVE)Template:Efn is a high-speed rail service operated by Renfe, the Spanish State railway company.

The first AVE service was inaugurated in 1992, with the introduction of the first Spanish high-speed railway connecting the cities of Madrid, Córdoba and Seville.

In addition to Renfe's use of the Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias-managed rail infrastructure in Spain, Renfe offers two AVE services partially in France, connecting respectively Barcelona-Lyon and Madrid-Marseille.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Lang translates to "Spanish High Speed", but the initials are also a play on the word Template:Lang, meaning "bird". AVE trains operate at speeds of up to Template:Cvt.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="geotren-max-speeds">"Velocidades máximas de los trenes y de las líneas" (maximum speeds of the trains and of the lines), last updated on 10 December 2022, accessed on 7 May 2023.</ref>

Services

Template:As of Renfe offers the following AVE services:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

  • Alicante–León via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín, Valladolid and Palencia.
  • Alicante–Ourense via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Zamora.
  • Barcelona–Granada via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba and Antequera.
  • Barcelona–Málaga via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera.
  • Barcelona–Seville via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano and Córdoba (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
  • Burgos–Murcia via Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Elche and Orihuela.
  • Gijón–Castellón via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia and Sagunto.
  • Gijón–Vinaros, via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia, Sagunto, Castellón, Benicàssim, Oropesa del Mar and Benicarló (only in summertime).
  • Huesca–Seville via Tardienta, Zaragoza, Calatayud, Guadalajara, Madrid-Puerta de Atocha and Córdoba
  • Madrid–A Coruña via Zamora, Ourense and Santiago De Compostela.
  • Madrid–Alicante via Cuenca, Albacete, and Villena (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
  • Madrid–Barcelona via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, and Tarragona (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
  • Madrid–Castellón via Cuenca, Requena-Utiel and Valencia.
  • Madrid–Figueres via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, Tarragona, Barcelona and Girona (trains are scheduled with selective stops).
  • Madrid–Gijón via Valladolid, Palencia, León and Oviedo.
  • Madrid–Granada via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, Antequera and Loja (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
  • Madrid–Huesca via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, and Tardienta.
  • Madrid–León via Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia.
  • Madrid–Málaga via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
  • Madrid–Murcia via Elche and Orihuela (some trains are arriving to Alicante and then reversing towards Murcia).
  • Madrid–Ourense via Zamora.
  • Madrid–Seville via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
  • Madrid–Valencia via Cuenca and Requena-Utiel (non stop trains are also scheduled).
  • Madrid–Vigo via Zamora, Sanabria, A Gudiña, Ourense, Santiago de Compostela, Vilagarcía de Arousa and Pontevedra (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
  • Málaga–Murcia via Madrid-Puerta de Atocha, Cuenca, Albacete, Villena, Alicante, Elche and Orihuela.
  • Valencia–Burgos via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Valladolid (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
  • Valencia–León via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid-Chamartín, Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
  • Valencia–Seville via Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba.
  • International:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
    • Barcelona–Lyon via Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Montpellier, Nîmes, and Valence.
    • Madrid–Marseille via Guadalajara, Zaragoza, Tarragona, Barcelona, Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Béziers, Montpellier, Nîmes, Avignon and Aix-en-Provence.

The central hub of the AVE system is Madrid's Puerta de Atocha, except for the Madrid–Asturias, Madrid–Burgos, Madrid–Galicia and Madrid–Alicante lines as well as the majority of the services on the Madrid-Murcia and Madrid-Valencia lines, that terminate at Chamartín station.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Trains

Currently, there are several series of high-speed trains that run the AVE service:

  • S-100, manufactured by Alstom, based on the TGV family trains.
  • S-102, manufactured by Talgo and Bombardier, marketed globally as Talgo 350.
  • S-103, manufactured by Siemens, marketed globally under the brand Siemens Velaro.
  • S-106, manufactured by Talgo, marketed globally as Talgo AVRIL.
  • S-112, manufactured by Talgo and Bombardier, an improved version of the S-102 with a different seat layout.
Unit Top speed Seating

capacity

Number in Service First

built

km/h mph
S-100 300 186 329 22 1991
S-102 350 220 318 16 2005
S-103 300 186 404 26 2007
S-106 300 186 > 500 735 (low cost version 20 2012
S-112 350 220 365 25 2010

Passenger usage

The still-growing network transported a record 39.0 million passengers in 2024.<ref name="AveINE">Template:Cite web</ref> Though the network length is extensive, it lags in ridership behind comparable high-speed rail systems in Japan, France, Germany, China, Taiwan, and Korea.

AVE passengers in millions from 2006 to 2024<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="AveINE" />
rowspan="2" Template:Vert header 2006 2007 2008 2009
4.878 5.559 11.461 11.250
rowspan="2" Template:Vert header 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
10.851 12.563 12.101 14.697 17.967 19.428 20.352 21.108 21.332 22.370
rowspan="2" Template:Vert header 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
7.603 12.282 23.562 31.784 39.019

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Rail infrastructure in Spain and Europe

Notes

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References

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