View source for Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York

{{Short description|English prince (born 1473)}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Richard of Shrewsbury
| title        = [[Duke of York]] <br >[[Duke of Norfolk]] <br > [[Earl of Nottingham]]
| image        = Richard of Shrewsbury Royal Window Canterbury (cropped).jpg
| caption      = Richard in stained glass, 1482–83, [[Burrell Collection]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk]]|1478|1481|end=d}}
| house        = [[House of York|York]]
| father       = [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]]
| mother       = [[Elizabeth Woodville]]
| module       = {{Infobox person
| embed= yes
| birth_date   = 17 August 1473
| birth_place  = [[Shrewsbury]], Shropshire, England
| disappeared_date = July 1483 (aged 9)
| disappeared_place = [[Tower of London]], England
}}
}}

{{House of York|edward4}}

'''Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York''' (17 August 1473{{snd}}disappeared July 1483) was the second son of [[Edward IV|King Edward IV]] of England and [[Elizabeth Woodville]]. Richard and his older brother, who briefly reigned as [[Edward V|King Edward V of England]], [[Princes in the Tower|mysteriously disappeared]] shortly after their uncle [[Richard III of England|Richard III]] became king in 1483.

== Early life ==
Richard was born at the [[Dominican friary|Dominican Friary]] in [[Shrewsbury]] on 17 August 1473, the sixth child and second son of reigning [[King of England]] [[Edward IV]] and his wife [[Elizabeth Woodville]].<ref name=":0">{{cite DNB|wstitle= Richard (1472-1483) |volume= 48 |last= Gairdner |first= James |author-link= James Gairdner |page= 185 |year= |short=1}}</ref>{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=138–139}}

Prince Richard was created [[Duke of York]] on 28 May 1474 and was knighted on 18 April 1475.{{sfn|Watson|White|2016|p=229}} From this time on, it became a tradition for the second son of the English sovereign to be Duke of York.{{sfn|Weir|1996|p=139}} He was made a [[Knight of the Garter]] in May 1475.<ref name=":0" />{{sfn|Weir|1996|p=139}}

=== Marriage to Anne de Mowbray ===
In January 1476, [[John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk]], [[Earl of Nottingham]] and [[Earl Warenne|Warenne]], died leaving his infant daughter [[Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk|Anne]] as his sole heiress. Anne was quickly marked out as a bride for Richard.{{Sfn|Ross|1974|p=248}} In anticipation of the marriage, Richard was created [[Earl of Nottingham]] on 12 June 1476, and was also given the titles of [[Duke of Norfolk]] and [[earl Warenne]] on 7 February 1477.{{sfn|Weir|1996|p=139}}{{Sfn|Ross|1974|p=248}}

A papal dispensation for the marriage was obtained on 12 May 1477 because the children were too young to contract a valid marriage. Additionally they were "related in the third and fourth degrees of kindred". According to Medieval [[canon law]], the minimum age for marriage was 14 for boys and 12 for girls, but it was not unknown for aristocratic children to be married much younger for political reasons.{{sfn|Watson|White|2016|p=229}} On 15 January 1478, in [[St Stephen's Chapel]], Westminster, 4-year-old Richard married the 6-year-old{{Efn|Anne de Mowbray was born on 10 December 1472.{{sfn|Ross|1974|p=248}}{{sfn|Weir|1996|p=139}}}} Anne.{{sfn|Watson|White|2016|p=229}}{{sfn|Weir|1996|p=139}}{{Sfn|Ross|1974|p=248}}
[[File:The Marriage Of Richard Of Shrewsbury, Duke Of York, To Lady Anne Mowbray.jpg|left|thumb|Depiction of Richard and Anne's marriage, by [[James Northcote]]]]
Anne de Mowbray died in [[Palace of Placentia|Greenwich]] on 19 November 1481.{{Sfn|Ross|1974|p=248}}{{sfn|Watson|White|2016|p=230}} Her estates should have passed to [[William de Berkeley, 1st Marquess of Berkeley|William, Viscount Berkeley]] and to [[John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk|John, Lord Howard]], the co-heirs of the last duke's great-aunts. However Edward IV was not willing to relinquish the wealthy Mowbray estates, and so in January 1483, Parliament passed an act that gave the Mowbray estates to Richard for his lifetime (and at his death to his heirs if he had any).{{Sfn|Ross|1974|p=248}} The rights of the two co-heirs at law were extinguished; Viscount Berkeley had financial difficulties and King Edward IV paid off and forgave those debts. Berkeley then renounced his claims to the Mowbray estate before parliament in 1483. Nothing was done for Lord Howard.{{Sfn|Ross|1974|p=|pp=248–249}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Mowbray |volume= 18 |page= 946 |last= Round |first= J. Horace |author-link= J. Horace Round |short=1}}</ref>

==Heir presumptive==
Richard's father, King Edward IV, died on 9 April 1483.{{sfn|Watson|White|2016|p=232}} Thus Richard's elder brother [[Edward V|Edward, Prince of Wales]], became King of England and was acclaimed as such,<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle= Edward V |volume= 17 |last= Gairdner |first= James |author-link= James Gairdner |pages= 82-84 |year= |short=1}}</ref> and Richard his [[heir presumptive]]. Fearing for her family's safety, the Queen Dowager arrived with her family to [[Westminster Abbey]] seeking sanctuary in April 1483. Her eldest son was taken by his regent, [[Richard III of England|Richard, Duke of Gloucester]], to the [[Tower of London]], allegedly to prepare for his coronation.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

On 19 May 1483, Edward V was lodged in the Tower.{{sfn|Rhodes|1962|p=305}} In June 1483, the Duke of Gloucester requested that Richard join his brother in the Tower and Queen Elizabeth was forced to hand over the young boy.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} Richard entered the Tower on 16 June.{{sfn|Rhodes|1962|p=305}}

A priest, now generally believed to have been [[Robert Stillington]], the [[Bishop of Bath and Wells]], testified that Edward IV had agreed to marry [[Lady Eleanor Talbot]] in 1461.{{sfn|Hancock|2011|p=|pp=40–43, 103}} Lady Eleanor was still alive when Edward married Elizabeth Woodville in 1464 and the Regency Council under the late King's brother [[Richard III of England|Richard, Duke of Gloucester]], concluded that this was a case of [[bigamy]]. This invalidated the second marriage to Elizabeth Woodville and the legitimacy of all children of their union.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} ''[[Titulus Regius]]'' declared both Edward and Richard as illegitimate and removed from the line of succession on 25 June 1483.<ref>[[wikisource:Titulus_Regius|Titulus Regius]]</ref> The Duke of Gloucester, as the only surviving brother of Edward IV, became King Richard III.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}[[File:DelarocheKingEdward.jpg|left|thumb|''[[The Children of Edward]]'' (1830) by [[Paul Delaroche]]]]

==Possible fate==
{{Main article|Princes in the Tower}}
The Duke of York was sent to the [[Tower of London]], then a royal residence, by King Richard III in mid-1483, where he was held with his brother. They were sometimes seen in the garden of the Tower,<ref name=":2">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Edward V |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8521 |access-date=25 August 2013 |last=Horrox |first=Rosemary |publication-date=23 September 2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8521|url-access=subscription }} {{subscription required}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=January 2025}} but the princes disappeared from sight after the summer of 1483,{{Sfn|Grummitt|2013|p=116}}<ref name=":2" /> and their ultimate fates remain unknown.{{Sfn|Ross|1981|pp=96–104}}<ref name=":2" /> In 1486, Richard's eldest sister [[Elizabeth of York|Elizabeth]] married [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]], thereby uniting the Houses of York and Lancaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Morrill |first1=John S. |last2=Myers |first2=Alexander Reginald |date=18 November 2024 |title=Henry VII |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214215130/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England |archive-date=14 December 2024 |access-date=27 December 2024 |website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]}}</ref>

=== Murder ===
By autumn 1483 it was widely-believed that the princes had been murdered.{{Sfn|Grummitt|2013|p=116}} Tudor History was quick to blame their uncle Richard.<ref name=":2" />{{Page needed|date=January 2025}} Richard III has remained a key suspect, though other culprits including [[Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham]], and Henry VII have been suggested.{{Sfn|Kendall|1956|pp=487–489}} [[Thomas More]] wrote that the princes were smothered to death with their pillows, and his account forms the basis of [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]'', in which [[James Tyrrell|Tyrrell]] suborns Forrest and Dighton to murder the princes on Richard's orders.<ref>Kendall, P. M., ''Richard III'', Aylesbury 1972, p. 427; in the ''Encomium of Richard III'', dedicated to Sir John Donne.</ref> Historian D. E. Rhodes stated that the boys were both murdered, probably in August.{{sfn|Rhodes|1962|p=305}} Alison Weir states that archaeological evidence indicates that the boys died in September.{{sfn|Weir|1995|p=257}} Subsequent re-evaluations of Richard III have questioned his guilt, beginning with [[William Cornwallis (died 1614)|William Cornwallis]] early in the 17th century.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Condren |first=Conal |date=1987-06-01 |title=Cornwallis' Paradoxical Defence of Richard III : a Machiavellian Discourse on Morean Mythology ? |url=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/more.1987.24.2.3?journalCode=more |journal=Moreana |volume=24 (Number 94) |issue=2 |pages=5–24 |doi=10.3366/more.1987.24.2.3 |issn=0047-8105|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zeeveld |first=W. Gordon |date=1940 |title=A Tudor Defense of Richard III |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/458888 |journal=PMLA |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=946–957 |doi=10.2307/458888 |issn=0030-8129 |jstor=458888|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-09 |title=Early Historians |url=https://richardiii.net/research/articles/richard-and-the-historians/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812201234/https://richardiii.net/research/articles/richard-and-the-historians/ |archive-date=12 August 2024 |access-date=27 December 2024 |website=Richard III Society |language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Illness ===

In the period before the boys' disappearance, Edward was regularly being visited by a doctor; historian [[David Baldwin (historian)|David Baldwin]] extrapolates that contemporaries may have believed Edward had died either of an illness or as the result of attempts to cure him. He notes however that there is no indication Richard was also receiving medical treatment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baldwin |first=David |date=13 September 2013 |title=The White Queen - What happened to the Princes in the Tower? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/0/23574430 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222125704/https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/0/23574430 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=27 December 2024 |website=BBC History}}</ref>

=== Discovery of remains ===
[[File:The Princes in the Tower by John Everett Millais (1878).png|thumb|''The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower, 1483'' (1878) by [[John Everett Millais]]]]

In 1674, bones reportedly belonging to two children were discovered by workmen rebuilding a stairway in the Tower. Four years later,<ref name=Pollard>{{cite book|last=Pollard|first=A.J.|title=Richard III and the princes in the tower|year=1991|publisher=Alan Sutton Publishing|isbn=0862996600}}</ref> on the orders of the reigning king [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], these were subsequently placed in [[Westminster Abbey]], in an urn bearing the names of Edward and Richard.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Steane |first=John |url=http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/51736/1/25.JOHN%20STEANE.pdf |title=The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy |date=1993 |publisher=Routledge |pages=65}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Edward V & Richard Duke of York |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/edward-v-richard-duke-of-york/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203180932/https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/edward-v-richard-duke-of-york/ |archive-date=3 December 2024 |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=Westminster Abbey |language=en}}</ref> The bones were re-examined in 1933 in light of medical advances. It was discovered the skeletons were incomplete and had been interred with animal bones. It was determined that the incomplete skeletons were of two slender children: the first aged 12 to 13, and the second aged 9 to 11. According to Lawrence E. Tanner and W. Wright (the physicians who carried out the examination), "the evidence that the bones in the urn are those of the Princes is as conclusive as could be desired". Further examinations from 1955 to 1987 have mostly substantiated Tanner and Wright's claims, though the age of the bones has remained impossible to determine.{{sfn|Weir|1995|pp=254–258}} [[Paul Murray Kendall]], author of the revisionist biography ''[[Richard III (biography)|Richard III]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Lea Ann |title=Good King Richard?: An Account of Richard III and His Reputation By Jeremy Potter |url=https://library.hsu.edu/site/assets/files/4457/1998-9afgood_king_richard.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Potter |first=Jeremy |title=Jeremy Potter, "Richard III's Historians: Adverse and Favourable Views" |url=https://r3.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jeremy-Potter-Richard-IIIs-Historians.pdf |website=r3.org |publisher=The Richard III Society American Branch}}</ref> notes that historian [[Wilton M. Krogman]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]] stated that "the skeletons inurned in Westminster Abbey cannot be flatly and incontrovertibly identified as those of the sons of Edward IV".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kendall |first=Paul Murray |author-link=Paul Murray Kendall |url=https://archive.org/details/richardthechird002471mbp/page/576/mode/2up?q=smothered |title=Richard The Third |date=1955 |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., Vail-Ballou Press |edition=1st |pages=577–578}}</ref>

In 1789, workmen carrying out repairs in [[St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle|St George's Chapel]], Windsor, rediscovered and accidentally broke into the vault of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hope |first=William Henry St John |author-link=William Henry St John Hope |url=https://archive.org/details/windsorcastlearc02hope/page/418/mode/2up |title=Windsor Castle: An Architectural History |publisher=Hudson and Kearns |year=1913 |location=London |pages=418–419}} [[Vetusta Monumenta]]</ref> Adjoining this was another vault, which was found to contain the coffins of two children. This tomb was inscribed with the names of two of Edward IV's children: [[George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford|George, Duke of Bedford]], who had died at the age of two; and [[Mary of York]] who had died at the age of 14. Both had predeceased the King. However, the remains of these two children were later found elsewhere in the chapel, leaving the occupants of the children's coffins within the tomb unknown.<ref>Chapter Records XXIII to XXVI, The Chapter Library, St. George's Chapel, Windsor (Permission required)</ref>{{Link needed|date=January 2025}}

===Perkin Warbeck===
{{Main|Perkin Warbeck}}

In 1491, in [[Cork (city)|Cork]], Perkin Warbeck, a young man of [[Flemish people|Flemish]] origin was proclaimed by a variety of Yorkist supporters led by the Irish city's former Mayor [[John Atwater]] to be Richard. He claimed to have escaped from the Tower and spent the intervening years on the run. Over the next six years, Warbeck travelled across Europe, receiving recognition from a number of monarchs including [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]] and [[James IV of Scotland]] as "Richard IV" of England. This support included [[Margaret of York]], the aunt of the real Richard. Following his capture after a [[Second Cornish Uprising of 1497|failed invasion of England]] in 1497, Warbeck was held in the Tower of London. He confessed to being an impostor, and was later executed following an attempt to escape.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Porter |first=Linda |url=https://archive.org/details/crownofthistlesf0000port |title=Crown of Thistles: The Fatal Inheritance of Mary, Queen of Scots |publisher=Pan Macmillan |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-330-53437-6 |pages=96–122}}</ref>

[[File:Arms of Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York.svg|thumb|Coat of arms of Richard, Duke of York]]
==Arms==
As son of the king, Richard was granted use of the arms of the kingdom, differentiated by a ''label argent, on the first point a canton gules''.<ref>[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/cadency.htm Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family]</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography}}
*[[List of people who disappeared mysteriously: pre-1970|List of people who disappeared]]

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| 1 = 1. '''Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York'''
| 2 = 2. [[Edward IV of England]]
| 3 = 3. [[Elizabeth Woodville]]
| 4 = 4. [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York]]
| 5 = 5. [[Cecily Neville]]
| 6 = 6. [[Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers]]
| 7 = 7. [[Jacquetta of Luxembourg]]
| 8 = 8. [[Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge]]
| 9 = 9. [[Anne de Mortimer]]
| 10 = 10. [[Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland]]
| 11 = 11. [[Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland|Joan Beaufort]]
| 12 = 12. [[Sir Richard Wydeville]]
| 13 = 13. Joan Bittlesgate
| 14 = 14. [[Peter I, Count of Saint-Pol]]
| 15 = 15. [[Margaret of Baux]]
}}

==References==
{{Commons category}}
===Notes===
{{notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Sources ===

* {{Cite book |last=Grummitt |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofwa0000grum |title=A Short History of the Wars of the Roses |date=2013 |publisher=I. B. Tauris |isbn=978-1848858756 |location=London |url-access=limited}}
* {{cite book |last=Hancock |first=Peter |title=Richard III and the Murder in the Tower |publisher=History Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0752457970 |url=https://archive.org/details/richardiiimurder0000hanc}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kendall |first=Paul M. |author-link=Paul Murray Kendall |title=Richard the Third |date=1956 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-00785-5 |location=New York |ol=7450809M |orig-year=1955}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Rhodes |first=D. E. |date=1962 |title=The Princes in the Tower and Their Doctor |url= |journal=The English Historical Review |volume=77 |issue=303 |pages=304–306 |doi=10.1093/ehr/LXXVII.CCCIII.304 |issn=0013-8266 |jstor=561546}}
* {{cite book |author=Ross |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Ross (historian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m8Ojo6VI8KUC |title=Edward IV |publisher=University of California Press |year=1974 |isbn=0-520-02781-7 |pages=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ross |first=Charles D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SdkM5uyUau8C |title=Richard III |publisher=University of California Press |year=1981 |isbn=0-520-05075-4 |series=[[English Monarchs series]] |location=London |author-mask=2}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Watson |first1=Bruce |last2=White |first2=William |date=2016 |title=Anne Mowbray, Duchess of York: A 15th-century child burial from the abbey of St Clare, in the London Boroush of Tower Hamlets |url=http://www.lamas.org.uk/images/documents/Transactions67/227_260_Anne_Mowbray.pdf |url-status=live |journal=London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Transactions |volume=67 |issue= |pages=227–260 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006211015/http://www.lamas.org.uk/images/documents/Transactions67/227_260_Anne_Mowbray.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2021}}
* {{cite book |last=Weir |first=Alison |title=The Princes in the Tower |publisher=Ballantine Books |year=1995 |isbn=9781784700041 |orig-date=1992 |author-link=Alison Weir |url=https://archive.org/details/richardiiiprince0000weir}}
* {{Cite book |last=Weir |first=Alison |author-link= |url=https://archive.org/details/britainssroyalfa0000weir |title=Britain's Royal Family: the Complete Genealogy |publisher=Vintage Books |year=1996 |isbn=0712674489 |edition=Revised |page=}}

=== Further reading ===
* {{cite book |last1=Amin |first1=Nathen |title=Henry VII and the Tudor Pretenders: Simnel, Warbeck, and Warwick |date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-7509-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X3MqEAAAQBAJ |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Arthurson |first1=Ian |title=The Perkin Warbeck Conspiracy |date=4 October 2009 |publisher=The History Press |isbn=978-0-7524-9563-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rk7AwAAQBAJ |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Ashdown-Hill |first1=John |author-link=John Ashdown-Hill |title=The Dublin King: The True Story of Edward Earl of Warwick, Lambert Simnel and the 'Princes in the Tower' |date=5 January 2015 |publisher=The History Press |isbn=978-0-7509-6316-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8sVBgAAQBAJ |language=en}}
* {{cite book|author=Ashley, Mike|title=British Kings & Queens|publisher=Carroll & Graf|year=2002|isbn=0-7867-1104-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofbr0000ashl_f1a2}} page 218
*{{cite book |last1=Baldwin |first1=David |title=The Lost Prince: The Survival of Richard of York |date=2016 |publisher=History Press Limited |isbn=978-0-7509-7856-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUn1vQAACAAJ |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Bennett |first1=Michael |title=Lambert Simnel and the Battle of Stoke |date=21 March 2024 |publisher=History Press |isbn=978-1-80399-723-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aTHpEAAAQBAJ |language=en}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Dodds |first=M. H. |date=1951-11-24 |title=The little princes in the Tower |url=https://academic.oup.com/nq/article-abstract/CXCVI/nov24/524/4162548 |journal=Notes and Queries |volume=CXCVI |issue=nov24 |pages=524 |doi=10.1093/nq/CXCVI.nov24.524 |issn=0029-3970|url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite book |title=The Princes in the Tower: Solving History's Greatest Cold Case | first=Philippa |last=Langley | author-link=Philippa Langley |isbn=978-1-80399-541-0 | date=November 2023| publisher=[[The History Press]]}}
*{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Matthew |title=The Survival of the Princes in the Tower: Murder, Mystery and Myth |date=11 September 2017 |publisher=The History Press |isbn=978-0-7509-8528-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y1wrDwAAQBAJ |language=en}}
*{{cite web|newspaper=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/historians-said-i-was-unhinged-philippa-langley-cracks-mystery-of-princes-in-the-tower-x0n578txf|title='Historians said I was unhinged': Philippa Langley cracks mystery of princes in the tower | first=Julia | last=Llewellyn Smith| date=17 November 2023 | access-date=18 November 2023}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of York]]|17 August|1473||1483?|name='''Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York and Norfolk'''|[[House of Plantagenet]]}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk|The Countess of Norfolk]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Earl Marshal]]'''<br/><small>''with [[Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk|Anne]] until 1481;<br/>[[Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset|Sir Thomas Grey]] acting as deputy''</small>''' |years=1478–1483}}
{{S-aft|after=[[John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk|The Duke of Norfolk]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Dukes of York|Richard of Shrewsbury}}
{{Dukes of Norfolk}}{{House of Plantagenet}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Richard Of Shrewsbury, Duke Of York}}
[[Category:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York| ]]
[[Category:1473 births]]
[[Category:1480s missing person cases]]
[[Category:15th-century English nobility]]
[[Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey]]
[[Category:Children of Edward IV]]
[[Category:Disappeared princes]]
[[Category:Dukes of Norfolk|201]]
[[Category:Dukes of York]]
[[Category:Earls Marshal]]
[[Category:Earls of Norfolk (1477 creation)|1st Earl of Norfolk]]
[[Category:Earls of Nottingham|301]]
[[Category:Edward V]]
[[Category:Heirs presumptive to the English throne]]
[[Category:House of York|Richard of Shrewsbury]]
[[Category:Lords Lieutenant of Ireland]]
[[Category:Missing person cases in England]]
[[Category:Knights of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:People from Shrewsbury]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]
[[Category:Princes in the Tower]]
[[Category:Children of Elizabeth Woodville]]
[[Category:English princes]]