View source for Russian Republic

{{Short description|Period of Russian history from 1917 to 1918}}
{{for multi|its successor and the constituent republic of the Soviet Union|Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|the modern-day country|Russia|its federal subjects|Republics of Russia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Russian Republic<br/>{{nobold|{{small|(1917–1918)}}}}<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|ru|Российская Республика}}}}{{efn|[[Reforms of Russian orthography|Pre-Reform Russian]]: Россійская Pеспублика}}<hr/>Russian Democratic Federative<br/>Republic<br/>{{nobold|{{small|(1918)}}}}<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|ru|Российская Демократическая Федеративная Республика}}}}{{efn|[[Reforms of Russian orthography|Pre-Reform Russian]]: Россійская Демократическая Федеративная Республика}}
| p1                     = Russian Empire
| flag_p2                = 
| p2                     = 
| s1                     = Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic{{!}}Russian Soviet Republic<br>(Soviet Russia)
| flag_p1                = Flag of Russia.svg
| flag_s1                = Flag_of_Russia_(1918).svg
| flag_s2                = Flag_of_Russia.svg
| s2                     = Russian State (1918–1920){{!}}Russian State
| flag_s3                = Flag_of_Russia.svg
| s3                     = Transcaucasian Commissariat
| flag_s4                = Flag_of_the_Turkestan_(Kokand)_Autonomy.svg
| s4                     = Turkestan Autonomy
| flag_s5                = Flag_of_Alash_Autonomy.svg
| s5                     = Alash Autonomy
| flag_s6                = Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg
| s6                     = Crimean People's Republic
| flag_s7                = Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg
| s7                     = Moldavian Democratic Republic
| s8                     = State of Buryat-Mongolia
| flag_s9                = Flag_of_Autonomous_Siberia.png
| s9                     = Provisional Siberian Government (Vladivostok)
| flag_s10               = Flag_of_Ukraine_(1917–1921).svg
| s10                    = Ukrainian People's Republic{{!}}Ukraine
| flag_s11               = Flag_of_Estonia.svg
| s11                    = Estonia
| flag_s12               = Flag_of_Provisional_Siberian_Government.svg
| s12                    = Yakut revolt (1918){{!}}Yakutia
| flag_s13               = Idel-Ural_flag.svg
| s13                    = Idel-Ural State
| flag_s14               = Flag_of_the_Confederated_Republic_of_Altai.svg
| s14                    = Karakorum Government
| flag_s15               = Flag_of_Belarus_(1918,_1991–1995).svg
| s15                    = Belarusian Democratic Republic{{!}}Belarus
| flag_s16               = Flag_of_Green_Ukraine.svg
| s16                    = Green Ukraine
| flag_s17               = Flag_of_the_Mountain_Republic.svg
| s17                    = Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus{{!}}United Republics of Northern Caucasus
| flag_s18               = Flag_of_Russia.svg
| s18                    = Regional Government of Northwest Russia
| flag_s19               = Flag_of_Latvia.svg
| s19                    = Latvia#Declaration of independence and interwar period{{!}}Latvia
| flag_s20               = Flag_of_Lithuania_(1918).svg
| s20                    = Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)
| flag_s21               = Flag_of_Kuban_People's_Republic.svg
| s21                    = Kuban People's Republic{{!}}Kuban
| image_flag             = Flag of Russia.svg
| flag                   = Flag of Russia
| other_symbol           = <div style="padding:0.3em;">
[[File:Seal of Russia (1917–1918).png|100px]]</div>
[[File:Russian coa 1917.svg|100px]]
| other_symbol_type      = Government Seal and Coat of Arms (1917){{nobold|:}}
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of the Russian Republic (1917).svg
| symbol                 = Coat of arms of Russia
| national_anthem        = {{lang|ru|Рабочая Марсельеза}}<br />{{transliteration|ru|Rabochaya Marsel'yeza}}<br />"[[Worker's Marseillaise]]"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Гимн Российской Республики и РДФР (Рабочая-Марсельеза).oga]]}}{{parabr}}{{lang|ru|Гимн Свободной России}}<br />{{transliteration|ru|Gimn Svobodnoy Rossii}}<br />"[[Anthem of Free Russia]]" (Unofficial){{parabr}}{{center|[[File:The hymn of free Russia - Гимн свободной России (text and music - 1917).ogg]]}}{{parabr}}
| image_map              = Russian Republic in 1917.svg
| image_map_caption      = Territories under Russian control during the final years of [[WWI]] (including temporary occupations)
| capital                = [[Petrograd]]
| largest_city           = capital
| common_languages       = [[Russian language|Russian]]
| government_type        = [[Russian Provisional Government|Russian provisional government]] (1917)<br />[[Federation|Federal]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[Directorial republic|directorial]] [[republic]] under a [[provisional government]] (1917–1918)
| title_leader           = [[Minister-Chairmen of the Russian Provisional Government|Minister-Chairman]]
| leader1                = {{nowrap|[[Alexander Kerensky]]{{Efn|Served as the prime minister of the provisional government from July 1917}}}}
| year_leader1           = September–November 1917
| leader2                = ''none''{{Efn|''De facto'' [[October Revolution|power seized]] by the [[Bolsheviks]] led by [[Vladimir Lenin]]}}
| year_leader2           = 1917–1918
| title_deputy           = {{longitem|Chairman of the [[Russian Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly]]}}
| deputy1                = [[Viktor Chernov]]
| year_deputy1           = 18–19 January 1918
| legislature            = [[Provisional Council of the Russian Republic|Provisional Council]] (1917)<br />''none'' (1917–1918)<br />{{nowrap|[[Russian Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly]]{{Efn|Dissolved after the first meeting}}}} (1918)
| era                    = {{nowrap|[[World War I]] / [[Russian Revolution|Russian<br />Revolution]]}}
| event_pre              = [[Kornilov affair]]
| date_pre               = 10–13 September 1917
| event_start            = Republic proclaimed
| date_start             = 14 September
| year_start             = 1917
| year_end               = 1918
| event1                 = [[October Revolution]]
| date_event1            = 7 November 1917
| event2                 = [[1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election|Assembly elected]]
| date_event2            = 25 November 1917
| event3                 = [[Decree on the system of government of Russia (1918)|Constitution]] adopted
| date_event3            = 18 January 1918
| event_end              = {{nowrap|[[Russian Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly]]}}<br />dissolved
| date_end               = 19 January
| currency               = [[Ruble#Provisional Government issues|Ruble]]
| demonym                = [[Russians|Russian]]
}}
{{History of Russia}}
{{Julian calendar}}

In the wake of the [[Romanov]] dynasty's collapse following the [[February Revolution]], the [[Russian Provisional Government]] established a short-lived, nascent parliamentary system known as the '''Russian Republic'''. The Provisional Government, a caretaker administration that faced immense internal and external pressures, formalized the Republic's inception on September 14, 1917, through a decree signed by its leaders, Minister-Chairman [[Alexander Kerensky]] and Minister of Justice [[Alexander Zarudny]].

The political entity, later defined in its [[1918]] Constitution as the Russian Democratic Federative Republic, struggled for legitimacy and stability from its inception. Its existence was predicated on the promise of eventual elections to a Constituent Assembly that would determine the nation's permanent political structure. However, the government's authority was fatally undermined by its unpopular decision to continue with Russia’s involvement in [[World War I]], which exacerbated widespread societal discontent and economic hardship. This culminated in the [[Bolshevik]]-led [[October Revolution]], which saw the Republic's executive body, the Directorate, unceremoniously dismantled on November 7, 1917, following a seizure of power.

Despite the [[Bolsheviks]]' pre-emptive usurpation of control, a partially [[Democracy|democratic]] election for the long-awaited Constituent Assembly was still held in November. In its singular session on January 18, 1918, the assembly issued a final decree affirming Russia as a democratic federal republic. However, this declaration was immediately nullified by the [[Bolsheviks]], who forcibly dissolved the assembly the very next day, thereby extinguishing the last vestiges of non-[[Bolshevik]] [[Democracy|democratic]] governance and paving the way for the consolidation of [[Soviet]] authority.

==Principal institutions==
*[[All-Russian Congress of Soviets]]
*[[Directorate (Russia)]]
*[[Provisional Council of the Russian Republic]]
*[[Russian Constituent Assembly]]
*[[Russian Provisional Government]]

== See also ==
* [[Russian Empire]]
* [[Russian Revolution]]
* [[Russian Civil War]]
* [[Soviet Union]]
* [[Petrograd Soviet]]s
* [[World War I]]
* [[Bolshevists]]
* [[Elections in Russia]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=1112 The Russian Republic proclaimed]. Presidential Library
* Browder, R. P., [[Alexander Kerensky|Kerensky, A. F]]. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LzWsAAAAIAAJ&dq=Russian+Republic+1917&pg=PA467 The Russian Provisional Government, 1917: Documents]''. "[[Stanford University Press]]". [[Stanford, California|Stanford]], 1961. {{ISBN|9780804700238}}

{{Russian Revolution 1917}}
{{Russia topics |collapsed}}

{{coord missing|Russia}}

[[Category:States and territories established in 1917]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1918]]
[[Category:Russian Revolution]]
[[Category:Russian Provisional Government]]
[[Category:Post–Russian Empire states]]
[[Category:Former republics]]
[[Category:1917 establishments in Russia]]
[[Category:1917 disestablishments in Russia]]
[[Category:February Revolution]]