View source for Voiceless bilabial plosive

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨p⟩ in IPA}}
{{Infobox IPA
|ipa symbol=p
|ipa number=101
|decimal=112
|xsampa=p
|braille=p
|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0070.svg
}}

A '''voiceless bilabial plosive''' or '''stop''' is a type of [[consonant]]al sound used in most [[Speech communication|spoken]] [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|p}}.

==Features==
[[File:Voiceless bilabial plosive.svg|150px]]

Features of a voiceless bilabial plosive:

{{plosive}}
{{bilabial}}
{{voiceless}}
{{oral}}
{{central-lateral}}
{{pulmonic}}

== Varieties ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! IPA !! Description
|-
| style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|p}}
| plain p
|-
| style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|pʰ}}
| [[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] p
|-
| style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|pˠ}}
| [[Velarization|velarized]] p
|-
| style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|pʲ}}
| [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] p
|-
| style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|pʷ}}
| [[labialisation|labialized]] p
|-
| style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|p̚}}
| p with [[no audible release]]
|-
| style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|p̌}}
| [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]] p
|-
| style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|p͈}}
| [[Tenseness|tense]] p
|-
| style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|pʼ}}
| [[ejective consonant|ejective]] p
|}

==Occurrence==

Research has shown that incidental learning positively impacts the acquisition of the /p/ sound for Arabic speakers and other EFL learners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impact of Watching Cartoons on Pronunciation of a Child in an EFL Setting: A Comparative Study with Problematic Sounds of EFL Learners – AWEJ |url=https://awej.org/impact-of-watching-cartoons-on-pronunciation-of-a-child-in-an-efl-setting-a-comparative-study-with-problematic-sounds-of-efl-learners/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":sciendo">{{Cite journal |last1=Altakhaineh |first1=Abdel Rahman Mitib |last2=Alsaraireh |first2=Mohammad Yousef |last3=Alhendi |first3=Hiba |date=2022-10-01 |title=The impact of incidental learning on the acquisition of the sound /p/ by Arabic-speaking EFL learners |journal=ExELL |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=51–65 |doi=10.2478/exell-2022-0010|doi-access=free }}</ref> This is particularly interesting given that the stop {{IPA|/p/}} is missing from about 10% of languages that have a {{IPA|/b/}}. (See [[voiced velar stop]] for another such gap.) This is an [[areal feature (linguistics)|areal feature]] of the circum-Saharan zone (Africa north of the equator plus the [[Arabian Peninsula]]). It is not known how old this areal feature is, and whether it might be a recent phenomenon due to Arabic as a prestige language, or whether Arabic was itself affected by a more ancient areal pattern.<ref name=":sciendo" /> It is found in other areas as well; for example, [[Fijian language|Fijian]], [[Onge language|Onge]], and many [[Papuan languages]] have {{IPA|/b/}} but no {{IPA|/p/}}.

Nonetheless, the {{IPA|/p/}} sound is very common cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain {{IPA|/p/}}, and some distinguish more than one variety. Many [[Indo-Aryan languages]], such as [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]], have a two-way contrast between the [[aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] {{IPA|/pʰ/}} and the plain {{IPA|/p/}} (also transcribed as {{IPA|[p˭]}} in [[extensions to the IPA]]).

===Examples===

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2"|Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] || [[Abkhaz alphabet|А'''ԥ'''сны]]/A'''ṕ'''sny || {{IPA|[apʰsˈnɨ]}} || '[[Abkhazia]]' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]] || {{lang|ady-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''п'''аӏо]]}} / {{lang|ady-Arab|'''پ'''ائۆ}} / paio ||{{Audio-IPA|Paʔʷa.ogg|[paːʔʷa]}}|| 'hat'|| 
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Arabic]] || [[Algerian Arabic|Algerian]] || {{lang|ps|[[Perso-Arabic alphabet|پاپيش]]|rtl=yes}}/pāpīš ||{{IPA|[paːpiːʃ]}}|| 'beautiful girls' ||
|-
|[[Hejazi Arabic|Hejazi]]
|{{lang|acw|بول|rtl=yes}}/{{lang|acw|پول|rtl=yes}}/'''p'''ōl
|{{IPA|[po̞ːl]}}
|'[[Paul (bakery)|Paul]]'
|Only used in loanwords, transcribed and pronounced as {{angbr IPA|ب}} by many speakers.
|-
|[[Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian]]
|{{lang|arz|كبش|rtl=yes}}/ka'''b'''š
|{{IPA|[kɛpʃ]}}
|'ram'
|Allophone of [b] before unvoiced consonants. Also used in loanwords.
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]]||[[Eastern Armenian|Eastern]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Dum-Tragut|2009|p=17}}</ref>|| {{lang|hy|[[Armenian alphabet|'''պ'''ապիկ]]}}/papik ||{{Audio-IPA|pɑpik.ogg |[papik]}}||'grandpa' || Contrasts with [[aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] form
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|Assyrian]]|| ܦܬܐ {{lang|aii|[[Syriac alphabet|'''p'''ata]]}} || |{{IPA|[pata]}} || 'face'||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Basque language|Basque]]|| {{lang|bas|[[Basque alphabet|harra'''p'''atu]]}} || {{IPA|[(h)arapatu]}}|| 'to catch'||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || [[Bengali alphabet|'''প'''থ]]||{{IPA|[pɔtʰ]}}|| 'road' || Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Bengali phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Catalan language|Catalan]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Carbonell | Llisterri|1992|p=53}}</ref> || {{lang|ca|[[Catalan orthography|'''p'''or]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpɔ(ɾ)]}} || 'fear' || See [[Catalan phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Chuvash language|Chuvash]]
|[[Cyrillic script|путене]]/putene
|[put̬ʲɛ'nɛ]
|'quail'
|
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Czech language|Czech]] || {{lang|cs|[[Czech orthography|'''p'''es]]}} || {{IPA|[pɛs]}}|| 'dog'|| See [[Czech phonology]]
|-
| [[Danish language|Danish]] || Standard<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Basbøll|2005|p=61}}</ref> || {{lang|da|[[Danish alphabet|'''b'''og]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpɔ̽wˀ]}} || 'book' || Usually transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|b̥}} or {{angbr IPA|b}}. It may be partially voiced {{IPAblink|b}} in the intervocalic position.{{sfnp|Goblirsch|2018|pp=134–5|ps=, citing {{harvtxt|Fischer-Jørgensen|1952}} and {{harvtxt|Abrahams|1949|pp=116–21, 228–30}}.}}{{sfnp|Puggaard-Rode|Horslund|Jørgensen|2022}} It contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|pʰ}} or {{angbr IPA|p}}. See [[Danish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Dutch language|Dutch]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Gussenhoven|1992|p=45}}</ref> || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|'''p'''licht]]}} || {{IPA|[plɪxt]}}|| 'duty'|| See [[Dutch phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[English language|English]] || [[English orthography|'''''p'''ack'']] || {{IPA|[pʰæk]}}|| 'pack'|| See [[English phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Esperanto]] || {{lang|eo|[[Esperanto orthography|tem'''p'''o]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈtempo]}}|| 'time'|| See [[Esperanto phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Filipino language|Filipino]] || {{lang|fil|[[Filipino alphabet|'''p'''ato]]}} || {{IPA|[paˈto]}} || 'duck' || 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Finnish language|Finnish]] || {{lang|fi|[[Finnish orthography|'''p'''a'''pp'''a]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpɑpːɑ]}}|| 'grandpa'|| See [[Finnish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[French language|French]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}}</ref> || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|'''p'''omme]]}} || {{IPA|[pɔm]}}|| 'apple'|| See [[French phonology]]
|-
|[[Gan Chinese]]
|[[Chang-Du Gan|Nanchangnese]]
|{{lang|gan-Hani|[[Chinese characters|把戲]]}}
|{{IPA|[pa˨˩ ɕi˩]}}
|'magic'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Chang-Du Gan#Phonology|Nanchangnese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[German language|German]] || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|'''P'''ack]]}} || {{IPA|[pʰak]}} || 'pile' || See [[Standard German phonology]] 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Greek language|Greek]] || {{lang|el|[[Greek alphabet|'''π'''όδι]] / [[Romanization of Greek|'''p'''ódi]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpo̞ði]}}|| 'leg'|| See [[Modern Greek phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] || {{lang|gu|[[Gujarati alphabet|'''પ'''ગ]]}}/pag ||{{IPA|[pəɡ]}} || 'foot' || See [[Gujarati phonology]]
|-
|[[Hakka Chinese]]
|[[Meixian dialect|Meizhounese]]
|{{lang|hak-Hani|[[Chinese characters|河壩]]}} / ''[[Pinfa|ho² '''b'''a⁴]]''
|{{IPA|[ho˩ pa˥]}}
|'river'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Meixian dialect#Phonology|Meizhounese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]|| {{lang|he|[[Hebrew alphabet|'''פּ'''קיד]]|rtl=yes}}/pakid ||{{IPA|[pakid]}}|| 'clerk' || See [[Modern Hebrew phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] 
| [[Urdu]]
| [[Urdu alphabet|'''پ'''ل]]/'''p'''al
| rowspan="2" |{{IPA|[pəl]}}
| rowspan="2" | 'moment'
| rowspan="2" | Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Hindustani phonology]]
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| {{lang|hi|[[Devanāgarī|पल]]}} / '''p'''al
|-
| [[Hmong language|Hmong]] 
| White Hmong || {{script|Hmng|𖬒𖬶[[Pahawh Hmong|𖬪𖬵]]}} / {{lang|hmv-Latn|[[Romanized Popular Alphabet|'''p'''ov]]}} || {{IPA|[po˨˦]}}|| 'to throw'
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] || {{lang|hu|[[Hungarian orthography|'''p'''á'''p'''a]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpaːpɒ]}} || 'pope' || See [[Hungarian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Italian language|Italian]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Rogers | d'Arcangeli|2004|p=117}}</ref> || {{lang|it|[[Italian alphabet|'''p'''a'''p'''à]]}} || {{IPA|[paˈpa]}}|| 'dad'|| See [[Italian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Japanese language|Japanese]]{{sfnp|Okada|1999|p=117}} || {{lang|ja|[[katakana|ポスト]]}} / {{lang|ja-Latn|[[Romanization of Japanese|'''p'''osuto]]}} || {{IPA|[posɯto]}}|| 'mailbox'|| See [[Japanese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Kabardian language|Kabardian]] || {{lang|kbd-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''п'''э]]}} / {{lang|kbd-Arab|'''پ'''ە}} / pė ||{{Audio-IPA|Пэ-noise.ogg|[pa]}}|| 'nose'||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Khmer language|Khmer]] || {{lang|km|[[Khmer script|ពន្យល់]]}} / {{transliteration|km|'''p'''ônyól}} || {{IPA|[pɔnjɔl]}} || 'to explain' || See [[Khmer phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Korean language|Korean]] || {{lang|ko|[[Hangul|빛]] / [[Romanization of Korean|'''b'''it]]}} || {{IPA|[pit̚]}}|| 'light'||See [[Korean phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]
|[[Kurmanji|Northern]]
|پۆر / {{lang|ku|[[Kurdish alphabet|'''p'''or]]}}
|{{IPA|[ˈpʰoːɾ]}}
|'hair'
| rowspan="3" |See [[Kurdish phonology]]
|-
|[[Sorani|Central]]
|{{lang|ku|[[Kurdish alphabet|پیرۆزە]]}} / píroze
|{{IPA|[pʰiːɾoːzæ]}}
|'lammergeier'
|-
|[[Southern Kurdish|Southern]]
|{{lang|ku|[[Kurdish alphabet|پۊنگه]]}} / pûûnga
|{{IPA|[pʰʉːŋa]}}
|'pennyroyal'
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Lakota language|Lakota]] || '''''p'''úza'' || {{IPA|[ˈpʊza]}}|| 'dry'||
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
|'''''p'''astatas''
|[ˈpaːstɐtɐs]
|'building'
|See [[Lithuanian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]]<ref name="gitr">{{Harvcoltxt|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|pp=67–68}}</ref> || {{lang|lb|'''b'''ëlleg}} || {{IPA|[ˈpələɕ]}} || 'cheap' || Less often voiced {{IPAblink|b}}. It is usually transcribed {{IPA|/b/}}, and contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed {{IPA|/p/}}.<ref name="gitr"/> See [[Luxembourgish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] || [[Macedonian alphabet|'''п'''ее]]/pee ||{{IPA|[pɛː]}}|| 'sing'|| See [[Macedonian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Malay language|Malay]] || [[Malay alphabet|'''''p'''anas'']] || {{IPA|[pänäs]}}|| 'hot'||Often [[No audible release|unreleased]] in syllable codas so /p/ is read as [{{IPA link|p̚}}] instead in ''lembap'' {{IPA|[ləmbap̚]}} 'damp'. See [[Malay phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Maltese language|Maltese]] || {{lang|no|[[Maltese alphabet|a'''p'''tit]]}} || {{IPA|[apˈtit]}}|| 'appetite'||
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]
|[[Dungan language|Dungan]]
|{{Lang|dng|[[Cyrillization of Chinese|'''б'''онцу]]}}
|{{IPA|[pɑŋ˨˦ t͡sʰou˨˦]}}
|'to assist'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Dungan phonology]]
|-
|[[Nanjing dialect|Nanjingnese]]
|{{lang|cmn-Hani|[[Chinese characters|半大子]]}}
|{{IPA|[pɑŋ˦ tɑ˦ tsz̩]}}
|'teenager'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Nanjing dialect#Phonology|Nanjingnese phonology]]
|-
|[[Sichuanese (language)|Sichuanese]]
|{{lang|cmn-Hani|[[Chinese characters|不算事]]}} / ''[[Sichuanese Pinyin|'''b'''u² suan⁴ si⁴]]''
|{{IPA|[pu˨˩ suan˨˩˧ sz̩˨˩˧]}}
|'ineffective'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Sichuanese language#Phonology|Sichuanese phonology]]
|-
|[[Standard Chinese|Standard]]
|{{lang|cmn-Hani|[[Chinese characters|爆炸]]}} / [[Pinyin|'''''b'''àozhà'']]
|{{Audio-IPA|Zh-bàozhà.ogg|[pɑʊ˥˩ tʂa˥˩]|help=no}}
|'to explode'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Standard Chinese phonology]]
|-
|[[Guanzhong dialect|Xi'annese]]
|{{lang|cmn-Hani|[[Chinese characters|迸]]}}
|{{IPA|[pəŋ˦]}}
|'mattock'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Guanzhong dialect#Phonology|Xi'annese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || {{lang|mr|[[Devanāgarī|पाऊस]]}}/paa'uus/pā'ūs ||{{IPA|[pɑːˈuːs]}}|| 'rain'|| See [[Marathi phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Min Chinese]]
|[[Hokkien]]
|{{lang|nan-Hani|[[Chinese characters|咖啡]]}} / ''[[Pe̍h-ōe-jī|ko-'''p'''i]]''
|{{IPA|[ko˨ pi˦]}}
|'coffee'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Hokkien phonology]]
|-
|[[Teochew dialect|Teochew]]
|{{lang|nan-Hani|[[Chinese characters|僻]]}} / ''[[Pe̍h-ōe-jī|'''p'''iah<sup>4</sup>]]''
|{{IPA|[pʰiaʔ˨]}}
|'remote'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Teochew dialect#Phonology|Teochew phonology]]
|-
|[[Fuzhou dialect|Fuzhounese]]
|{{lang|cdo-Hani|[[Chinese characters|白撞]]}} / ''[[Foochow Romanized|'''b'''ăh-dâung]]''
|{{IPA|[paʔ˨˩ lɑuŋ˨˦˨]}}
|'trespasser'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Fuzhou dialect#Phonology|Fuzhounese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Mutsun language|Mutsun]] || {{lang|css|'''p'''o·čor}} || {{IPA|[poːt͡ʃor]}} || 'a sore'||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Nepali language|Nepali]] ||{{lang|Ne|[[Devanāgarī|'''पि'''ता]]}}/pitā||{{IPA|[pit̪ä]}}|| 'father'||See [[Nepali phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] || {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|'''p'''a'''pp'''a]]}} || {{IPA|[pɑpːɑ]}}|| 'dad'|| See [[Norwegian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Odia language|Odia]] || {{lang|or|[[Odia script|'''ପ'''ଥର]]}}/pathara || {{IPA|[pɔʈʰɔrɔ]}} || 'stone' || Contrasts with aspirated form.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Pashto language|Pashto]] || {{lang|ps|[[Perso-Arabic alphabet|پانير]]|rtl=yes}}/pa'nir ||{{IPA|[pɑˈnir]}}||'cheese'|| 
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Persian language|Persian]]
|[[Persian alphabet|پول]]/pul
|{{IPA|[pul]}}
|'money'
|
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Pirahã language|Pirahã]] || {{lang|myp-Latn|'''p'''ibaóí}} || {{IPA|[ˈpìbàóí̯]}}||'otter'|| 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Polish language|Polish]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Jassem|2003|p=103}}</ref> || {{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|'''p'''as]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Pl-pas.ogg|[päs]}}|| 'belt'|| See [[Polish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}}</ref> || {{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|'''p'''ai]]}} || {{IPA|[paj]}}|| 'father'|| See [[Portuguese phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| [[Gurmukhi|ਪੱਤਾ]]/ [[Shahmukhi|'''پ'''تا]] / pattā
| {{IPA|[pət̪ːäː]}}
| 'leaf'
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Romanian language|Romanian]] || {{lang|ro|[[Romanian alphabet|'''p'''as]]}} || {{IPA|[pas]}} || 'step'|| See [[Romanian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Russian language|Russian]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Padgett|2003|p=42}}</ref> || {{lang|ru|[[Russian orthography|'''п'''лод]]}}/plod ||{{IPA|[pɫot̪]}} || 'fruit'|| Contrasts with [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] form. See [[Russian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Serbo-Croatian]]{{sfnp|Landau|Lončarić|Horga|Škarić|1999|p=66}} || {{lang|sh-Cyrl|[[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|'''п'''иће]]}} / {{lang|sh-Latn|[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|'''p'''iće]]}} || {{IPA|[pǐːt͡ɕě]}} || 'drink' || See [[Serbo-Croatian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Slovak language|Slovak]] || {{lang|sk|[[Slovak alphabet|'''p'''es]]}} || {{IPA|[pɛ̝s]}}|| 'dog'|| 
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Slovene language|Slovene]]
|{{lang|sl|[[Slovene orthography|'''p'''es]]}}
|{{IPA|[pə̂s̪]}}
|'dog'
|See [[Slovene phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=255}}</ref> || {{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|'''p'''eso]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpe̞so̞]}}|| 'weight'|| See [[Spanish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Swahili language|Swahili]]
|'''p'''ombe / '''پٗ'''ونْبٖ 
|{{IPA|[ˈpoᵐbɛ]}}
|'beer'
|
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|a'''p'''a]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈɑːˌpa]}}|| 'monkey'|| See [[Swedish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{lang|te|[[Telugu script|పని]]}} || {{IPA|[pani]}}|| 'work'|| Contrasts with aspirated form in old Telugu. However aspirated form is almost always pronounced as [[voiceless labiodental fricative]] in modern Telugu.
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Thai language|Thai]]
|{{Lang|th|[[Thai script|แ'''ป้'''ง]]}}/{{Lang|th|[[Thai script|'''p'''aeng]]}}
|[pɛ̂ːŋ]
|'powder'
|See [[Thai language#Phonology|Thai phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Tsez language|Tsez]] || [[Cyrillic script|'''п'''у]]/pu ||{{IPA|[pʰu]}}|| 'side'|| Contrasts with ejective form.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] || {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|ka'''p''']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈkʰɑp]}}|| 'pot'|| See [[Turkish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]{{sfnp|Danyenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=4}} ||{{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian alphabet|'''п'''авук]]}}/pavuk ||{{IPA|[pɐˈβ̞uk]}}|| 'spider'|| See [[Ukrainian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Thompson|1959|pp=458–461}}</ref>|| {{lang|vi|[[Vietnamese alphabet|nhí'''p''']]}} || {{IPA|[ɲip˧ˀ˥]}}|| 'tweezers'||See [[Vietnamese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Welsh language|Welsh]]
|sio'''p'''
|[ʃɔp]
|'shop'
|See [[Welsh phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]]|| {{lang|fy|'''p'''anne}} || {{IPA|[ˈpɔnə]}}|| 'pan'||
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Wu Chinese]]
|[[Shanghainese]]
|{{lang|wuu-Hani|[[Chinese characters|司必靈]]}} / ''[[Romanization of Wu Chinese|sy-'''p'''iq-lin]]''
|{{IPA|[sz̩˧ pi̯ɪʔ˦ lin˨]}}
|'spring'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Shanghainese#Phonology|Shanghainese phonology]]
|-
|[[Suzhou dialect|Suzhounese]]
|{{lang|wuu-Hani|[[Chinese characters|標緻]]}} / ''[[Romanization of Wu Chinese|'''p'''iau¹-tsyu⁵]]''
|{{IPA|[pi̯æ˥ tsz̩ʷ˨˩]}}
|'pretty'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Suzhou dialect#Phonology|Suzhounese phonology]]
|-
|[[Wenzhounese]]
|{{lang|wuu-Hani|[[Chinese characters|眼淚八汁]]}} / ''[[Romanization of Wu Chinese|nga⁴-lei⁶-'''p'''o⁷-tsai⁷]]''
|{{IPA|[ŋa lei̯ po˥˧ tsai̯˩˨]}}
|'tear'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Wenzhounese#Phonology|Wenzhounese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Yi language|Yi]]|| {{lang|ii|[[Yi script|ꀠ]]}} / {{lang|ii-Latn|'''b'''a}} || {{IPA|[pa˧]}}|| 'exchange'|| Contrasts [[aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] and unaspirated forms.
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Yue Chinese]]
|[[Cantonese]]
|{{lang|yue-Hani|[[Chinese characters|豬頭丙]]}} / ''[[Jyutping|zyu¹ tau⁴ '''b'''ing²]]''
|{{IPA|[t͡ʃyː˥ tʰɐu̯˨˩ pɪŋ˧˥]}}
|'blockhead'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Cantonese phonology]]
|-
|[[Taishanese]]
|{{lang|yue-Hani|[[Chinese characters|白]]}}
|{{IPA|[pak̚˧˩]}}
|'white'
|Contrasts with aspirated form. See [[Taishanese#Phonology|Taishanese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Central Alaskan Yup'ik language|Central Alaskan Yup'ik]]|| {{lang|esu|'''p'''anik}} || {{IPA|[panik]}}|| 'daughter'||
|-
| [[Zapotec language|Zapotec]]|| [[Tilquiapan Zapotec|Tilquiapan]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Merrill|2008|p=108}}</ref>|| '''''p'''an''|| {{IPA|[paŋ]}}|| 'bread'||
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of phonetics topics]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation
|last=Abrahams
|first=Henrik
|year=1949
|title=Études phonétiques sur les tendances évolutives des occlusives germaniques
|publisher=Aarhus University Press
}}
* {{Citation
|last=Basbøll
|first=Hans
|author-link=Hans Basbøll
|year=2005
|title=The Phonology of Danish
|publisher=Taylor & Francis
|isbn=0-203-97876-5
}}
*{{Citation
|doi=10.1017/S0025100300004618
|last1=Carbonell
|first1=Joan F.
|last2=Llisterri
|first2=Joaquim
|year=1992
|title=Catalan
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=22
|issue=1–2
|pages=53–56
|s2cid=249411809
}}
* {{Citation
|doi=10.1017/S0025100300005223
|last=Cruz-Ferreira
|first=Madalena
|year= 1995
|title=European Portuguese
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=25
|issue=2
|pages=90–94
|s2cid=249414876
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Danyenko
|first1=Andrii
|last2=Vakulenko
|first2=Serhii
|year=1995
|title=Ukrainian
|publisher=Lincom Europa
|isbn=9783929075083
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUsbAQAAIAAJ
}}
*{{citation
|last=Dum-Tragut
|first=Jasmine
|year=2009
|title=Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian
|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company
|place=Amsterdam
}}
* {{citation
|last=Fischer-Jørgensen
|first=Eli
|author-link=Eli Fischer-Jørgensen
|chapter=Om stemtheds assimilation
|year=1952
|editor1-last=Bach
|editor1-first=H.
|display-editors=etal
|title=Festskrift til L. L. Hammerich
|location=Copenhagen
|publisher=G. E. C. Gad
|pages=116–129
}}
*{{Citation
|last1=Fougeron
|first1=Cecile
|last2=Smith
|first2=Caroline L
|year=1993
|title=Illustrations of the IPA:French
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=23
|issue=2
|pages=73–76
|doi=10.1017/S0025100300004874
|s2cid=249404451
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Gilles
|first1=Peter
|last2=Trouvain
|first2=Jürgen
|year=2013
|title=Luxembourgish
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=43
|issue=1
|pages=67–74
|doi=10.1017/S0025100312000278
|doi-access=free
}}
* {{citation
|last=Goblirsch
|first=Kurt
|year=2018
|title=Gemination, Lenition, and Vowel Lengthening: On the History of Quantity in Germanic
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|isbn=978-1-107-03450-1
}}
* {{Citation
|doi=10.1017/S002510030000459X
|last=Gussenhoven
|first=Carlos
|year= 1992
|title=Dutch
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=22
|issue=2
|pages=45–47
|s2cid=243772965
}}
*{{Citation
|doi = 10.1017/S0025100303001191
|last = Jassem
|first = Wiktor
|year= 2003
|title=Polish
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=33
|issue=1
|pages=103–107
|doi-access=free
}}
*{{Citation
 |doi          = 10.1017/S0025100303001373
 |last1        = Martínez-Celdrán
 |first1       = Eugenio
 |last2        = Fernández-Planas
 |first2       = Ana Ma.
 |last3        = Carrera-Sabaté
 |first3       = Josefina
 |year         = 2003
 |title        = Castilian Spanish
 |journal      = Journal of the International Phonetic Association
 |volume       = 33
 |issue        = 2
 |pages        = 255–259
 |doi-access   = free
 }}
*{{citation
|last=Merrill
|first=Elizabeth
|year=2008
|title=Tilquiapan Zapotec
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=38
|issue=1
|pages=107–114
|doi=10.1017/S0025100308003344
|doi-access=free
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Okada
|first=Hideo
|year=1999
|chapter=Japanese
|editor=International Phonetic Association
|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
|pages=117–119
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|isbn=978-0-52163751-0
|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_jpn_phon-2
}}
*{{Citation
|last =Padgett
|first= Jaye
|year= 2003
|title= Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian
|journal= Natural Language & Linguistic Theory
|volume=21
|issue=1
|pages=39–87
|doi =10.1023/A:1021879906505
|s2cid= 13470826
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Puggaard-Rode
|first1=Rasmus
|last2=Horslund
|first2=Camilla Søballe
|last3=Jørgensen
|first3=Henrik
|year=2022
|title=The rarity of intervocalic voicing of stops in Danish spontaneous speech
|journal=Laboratory Phonology
|volume=13
|issue=1
|doi=10.16995/labphon.6449
|doi-access=free
|hdl=1887/3304670
|hdl-access=free
}}
*{{Citation
|last1=Rogers
|first1=Derek
|last2=d'Arcangeli
|first2=Luciana
|year=2004
|title=Italian
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=34
|issue=1
|pages=117–121
|doi=10.1017/S0025100304001628
|doi-access=free
}}
* {{citation
|last=Thompson
|first=Laurence
|year=1959
|title=Saigon phonemics
|journal=Language
|volume=35
|issue=3
|pages=454–476
|doi=10.2307/411232
|jstor=411232
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Landau
|first1=Ernestina
|last2=Lončarić
|first2=Mijo
|last3=Horga
|first3=Damir
|last4=Škarić
|first4=Ivo
|year=1999
|chapter=Croatian
|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
|place=Cambridge
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|isbn=0-521-65236-7
|pages=66–69
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{phoible|p}}

{{IPA navigation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voiceless Bilabial stop}}
[[Category:Bilabial stops]]
[[Category:Voiceless stops]]
[[Category:Pulmonic consonants]]