Voiceless bilabial plosive

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA

A voiceless bilabial plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in most spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA.

Features

File:Voiceless bilabial plosive.svg

Features of a voiceless bilabial plosive:

Template:Plosive Template:Bilabial Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Central-lateral Template:Pulmonic

Varieties

IPA Description
Template:IPA plain p
Template:IPA aspirated p
Template:IPA velarized p
Template:IPA palatalized p
Template:IPA labialized p
Template:IPA p with no audible release
Template:IPA voiced p
Template:IPA tense p
Template:IPA ejective p

Occurrence

Research has shown that incidental learning positively impacts the acquisition of the /p/ sound for Arabic speakers and other EFL learners.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":sciendo">Template:Cite journal</ref> This is particularly interesting given that the stop Template:IPA is missing from about 10% of languages that have a Template:IPA. (See voiced velar stop for another such gap.) This is an areal feature of the circum-Saharan zone (Africa north of the equator plus the Arabian Peninsula). It is not known how old this areal feature is, and whether it might be a recent phenomenon due to Arabic as a prestige language, or whether Arabic was itself affected by a more ancient areal pattern.<ref name=":sciendo" /> It is found in other areas as well; for example, Fijian, Onge, and many Papuan languages have Template:IPA but no Template:IPA.

Nonetheless, the Template:IPA sound is very common cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain Template:IPA, and some distinguish more than one variety. Many Indo-Aryan languages, such as Hindustani, have a two-way contrast between the aspirated Template:IPA and the plain Template:IPA (also transcribed as Template:IPA in extensions to the IPA).

Examples

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz Аԥсны/Aṕsny Template:IPA 'Abkhazia'
Adyghe Template:Lang / Template:Lang / paio Template:Audio-IPA 'hat'
Arabic Algerian Template:Lang/pāpīš Template:IPA 'beautiful girls'
Hejazi Template:Lang/Template:Lang/pōl Template:IPA 'Paul' Only used in loanwords, transcribed and pronounced as Template:Angbr IPA by many speakers.
Egyptian Template:Lang/kabš Template:IPA 'ram' Allophone of [b] before unvoiced consonants. Also used in loanwords.
Armenian Eastern<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang/papik Template:Audio-IPA 'grandpa' Contrasts with aspirated form
Assyrian ܦܬܐ Template:Lang Template:IPA 'face'
Basque Template:Lang Template:IPA 'to catch'
Bengali পথ Template:IPA 'road' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
Catalan<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'fear' See Catalan phonology
Chuvash путене/putene [put̬ʲɛ'nɛ] 'quail'
Czech Template:Lang Template:IPA 'dog' See Czech phonology
Danish Standard<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'book' Usually transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA. It may be partially voiced Template:IPAblink in the intervocalic position.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp It contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA. See Danish phonology
Dutch<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'duty' See Dutch phonology
English pack Template:IPA 'pack' See English phonology
Esperanto Template:Lang Template:IPA 'time' See Esperanto phonology
Filipino Template:Lang Template:IPA 'duck'
Finnish Template:Lang Template:IPA 'grandpa' See Finnish phonology
French<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'apple' See French phonology
Gan Chinese Nanchangnese Template:Lang Template:IPA 'magic' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nanchangnese phonology
German Template:Lang Template:IPA 'pile' See Standard German phonology
Greek Template:Lang Template:IPA 'leg' See Modern Greek phonology
Gujarati Template:Lang/pag Template:IPA 'foot' See Gujarati phonology
Hakka Chinese Meizhounese Template:Lang / ho² ba⁴ Template:IPA 'river' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Meizhounese phonology
Hebrew Template:Lang/pakid Template:IPA 'clerk' See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hindustani Urdu پل/pal Template:IPA 'moment' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology
Hindi Template:Lang / pal
Hmong White Hmong Template:Script / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'to throw'
Hungarian Template:Lang Template:IPA 'pope' See Hungarian phonology
Italian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'dad' See Italian phonology
JapaneseTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'mailbox' See Japanese phonology
Kabardian Template:Lang / Template:Lang / pė Template:Audio-IPA 'nose'
Khmer Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration Template:IPA 'to explain' See Khmer phonology
Korean Template:Lang Template:IPA 'light' See Korean phonology
Kurdish Northern پۆر / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'hair' See Kurdish phonology
Central Template:Lang / píroze Template:IPA 'lammergeier'
Southern Template:Lang / pûûnga Template:IPA 'pennyroyal'
Lakota púza Template:IPA 'dry'
Lithuanian pastatas [ˈpaːstɐtɐs] 'building' See Lithuanian phonology
Luxembourgish<ref name="gitr">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'cheap' Less often voiced Template:IPAblink. It is usually transcribed Template:IPA, and contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed Template:IPA.<ref name="gitr"/> See Luxembourgish phonology
Macedonian пее/pee Template:IPA 'sing' See Macedonian phonology
Malay panas Template:IPA 'hot' Often unreleased in syllable codas so /p/ is read as [[[:Template:IPA link]]] instead in lembap Template:IPA 'damp'. See Malay phonology
Maltese Template:Lang Template:IPA 'appetite'
Mandarin Dungan Template:Lang Template:IPA 'to assist' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Dungan phonology
Nanjingnese Template:Lang Template:IPA 'teenager' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nanjingnese phonology
Sichuanese Template:Lang / bu² suan⁴ si⁴ Template:IPA 'ineffective' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Sichuanese phonology
Standard Template:Lang / bàozhà Template:Audio-IPA 'to explode' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Standard Chinese phonology
Xi'annese Template:Lang Template:IPA 'mattock' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Xi'annese phonology
Marathi Template:Lang/paa'uus/pā'ūs Template:IPA 'rain' See Marathi phonology
Min Chinese Hokkien Template:Lang / ko-pi Template:IPA 'coffee' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hokkien phonology
Teochew Template:Lang / piah4 Template:IPA 'remote' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Teochew phonology
Fuzhounese Template:Lang / băh-dâung Template:IPA 'trespasser' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Fuzhounese phonology
Mutsun Template:Lang Template:IPA 'a sore'
Nepali Template:Lang/pitā Template:IPA 'father' See Nepali phonology
Norwegian Template:Lang Template:IPA 'dad' See Norwegian phonology
Odia Template:Lang/pathara Template:IPA 'stone' Contrasts with aspirated form.
Pashto Template:Lang/pa'nir Template:IPA 'cheese'
Persian پول/pul Template:IPA 'money'
Pirahã Template:Lang Template:IPA 'otter'
Polish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:Audio-IPA 'belt' See Polish phonology
Portuguese<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'father' See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi ਪੱਤਾ/ پتا / pattā Template:IPA 'leaf'
Romanian Template:Lang Template:IPA 'step' See Romanian phonology
Russian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang/plod Template:IPA 'fruit' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Serbo-CroatianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'drink' See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak Template:Lang Template:IPA 'dog'
Slovene Template:Lang Template:IPA 'dog' See Slovene phonology
Spanish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'weight' See Spanish phonology
Swahili pombe / پٗونْبٖ Template:IPA 'beer'
Swedish Template:Lang Template:IPA 'monkey' See Swedish phonology
Telugu Template:Lang Template:IPA 'work' Contrasts with aspirated form in old Telugu. However aspirated form is almost always pronounced as voiceless labiodental fricative in modern Telugu.
Thai Template:Lang/Template:Lang [pɛ̂ːŋ] 'powder' See Thai phonology
Tsez пу/pu Template:IPA 'side' Contrasts with ejective form.
Turkish Template:Lang Template:IPA 'pot' See Turkish phonology
UkrainianTemplate:Sfnp Template:Lang/pavuk Template:IPA 'spider' See Ukrainian phonology
Vietnamese<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Lang Template:IPA 'tweezers' See Vietnamese phonology
Welsh siop [ʃɔp] 'shop' See Welsh phonology
West Frisian Template:Lang Template:IPA 'pan'
Wu Chinese Shanghainese Template:Lang / sy-piq-lin Template:IPA 'spring' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Shanghainese phonology
Suzhounese Template:Lang / piau¹-tsyu⁵ Template:IPA 'pretty' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Suzhounese phonology
Wenzhounese Template:Lang / nga⁴-lei⁶-po⁷-tsai⁷ Template:IPA 'tear' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Wenzhounese phonology
Yi Template:Lang / Template:Lang Template:IPA 'exchange' Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Yue Chinese Cantonese Template:Lang / zyu¹ tau⁴ bing² Template:IPA 'blockhead' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Cantonese phonology
Taishanese Template:Lang Template:IPA 'white' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Taishanese phonology
Central Alaskan Yup'ik Template:Lang Template:IPA 'daughter'
Zapotec Tilquiapan<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> pan Template:IPA 'bread'

See also

Notes

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References

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