View source for Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

{{Distinguish|Nenets Autonomous Okrug}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox Russian federal subject
|en_name= Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
|ru_name=Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ
|loc_name1=Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук
|loc_lang1=[[Nenets languages|Nenets]]
|image_map=Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.svg
|coordinates={{coord|67|15|N|74|40|E|type:adm1st_region:RU-YAN|display=inline,title}}
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Yamal Nenetsia.svg
|image_flag=Flag of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.svg
|anthem        = "[[Anthem of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Гимн ЯНАО без слов.wav]]}}
|anthem_ref=<ref name="Anthem">Law #119-ZAO</ref>
|political_status=Autonomous okrug
|political_status_link=Autonomous okrugs of Russia
|federal_district=[[Ural Federal District|Ural]]
|economic_region=[[West Siberian economic region|West Siberian]]
|adm_ctr_type=Capital
|adm_ctr_name=[[Salekhard]]
|pop_2021census=510490
|pop_2021census_rank=72nd
|urban_pop_2021census=84.7%
|rural_pop_2021census=15.3%
|pop_2021census_ref=<ref name=2021census>{{cite web|title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=1 September 2022}}</ref>
|pop_latest=540000
|pop_latest_date=January 2015
|pop_latest_ref=<ref name="2015Est">Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://yamalstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/yamalstat/resources/9194358047d7a5c68995aded3bc4492f/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.htm Численность населения] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225255/http://yamalstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/yamalstat/resources/9194358047d7a5c68995aded3bc4492f/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.htm |date=March 4, 2016 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
|area_km2=769250
|area_km2_rank=6th
|established_date=December&nbsp;10, 1930
|established_date_ref=<ref name="Established">Charter of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Article&nbsp;1</ref>
|license_plates=89
|ISO=RU-YAN
|leader_title=[[Governor of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug|Governor]]
|leader_title_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis">Charter of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Article&nbsp;11</ref>
|leader_name=[[Dmitry Artyukhov]]
|leader_name_ref=<ref name="HeadName">Official website of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. [http://правительство.янао.рф/power/governor/ Dmitry Nikolayevich Kobylkin, Governor of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801132334/http://xn--80aealotwbjpid2k.xn--80aze9d.xn--p1ai/power/governor/ |date=August 1, 2018 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
|legislature=[[Legislative Assembly of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug|Legislative Assembly]]
|legislature_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis" />
|website=https://yanao.ru
|languages=[[Nenets language|Nenets]]<br>[[Selkup language|Selkup]]<br>[[Khanty language|Khanty]]
}}

The '''Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug''' ({{langx|ru|Яма́ло-Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг|Yamalo-Nenetsky avtonomny okrug}}; {{langx|yrk|Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук|Jamaly-Nenjocije awtonomnoj ŋokruk}}) also known as '''Yamalia'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Yamalia-Yamal-Peninsula-and-Polar-Urals-region-showing-A-the-general_fig1_258810489 |title=Fig 1 – uploaded by Thomas M. Melvin |date=July 2013 |archiveurl= |archivedate= |url-status=dead }}</ref> ({{langx|ru|Ямалия}}) is a [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] of [[Russia]] and an [[autonomous okrugs of Russia|autonomous okrug]] of [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]]. Its [[administrative center]] is the [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] of [[Salekhard]], and its largest city is [[Novy Urengoy]]. The [[Russian Census (2021)|2021 Russian Census]] recorded its population as 510,490.<ref name="2021Census" />

The autonomous okrug borders [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] to the east, the [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]] to the south, and the [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] and [[Komi Republic]] to the west.

==Geography==
The [[West Siberian petroleum basin]] is the largest [[hydrocarbon]] ([[petroleum]] and [[natural gas]]) basin in the world covering an area of about 2.2 million km<sup>2</sup>, and is also the largest oil and gas producing region in Russia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ulmishek |first1=Gregory F. |title=West Siberian Oil Basin |url=http://petroneft.com/operations/west-siberian-oil-basin/ |website=PetroNeft Resources Plc |access-date=29 January 2022 |archive-date=February 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224042117/http://petroneft.com/operations/west-siberian-oil-basin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Nenets people]] are an indigenous tribe who have long survived in this region. Their [[prehistoric]] life involved subsistence [[Hunter-gatherer|hunting and gathering]], including the taking of [[polar bear]]s; the practice of hunting polar bears (''Ursus maritimus'') continues up to the present time.<ref>C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084 ''Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus'', Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224205716/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084 |date=December 24, 2008 }}</ref>

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude, that is, at the point 70°N and 70°E, with equal degrees. The [[Polar Urals]] rise in the western part and the highest point of the okrug, as well as of the whole [[Ural Mountains|Ural]] mountain system, is [[Mount Payer]].<ref name="PB">{{Cite web|url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=74510|title=Gora Payer - Peakbagger.com|website=www.peakbagger.com}}</ref><ref name="GЕ">[[Google Earth]]</ref>

The area consists of arctic tundra and taiga, with three large peninsulas – the [[Yamal Peninsula]], [[Taz Peninsula]] and the [[Gyda Peninsula]] (itself containing the [[Yavay Peninsula]] and [[Mamonta Peninsula]]). There are nearly 300,000 lakes in the okrug, some of the main ones being [[Pyakuto]], [[Lake Chyortovo|Chyortovo]], [[Neito]], [[Yambuto]], [[Yarroto]] and [[Nembuto]].<ref name="STM">{{cite web|url=https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm1000/r-41_42.jpg|title=R-41_42 Topographic Chart (in Russian)|access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref>

The [[Ob River]] flows through Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the [[Kara Sea]] via the [[Gulf of Ob]], which dominates the geography of the Okrug (together with its two sub-bays, the [[Taz Estuary]] and [[Khalmyer Bay]].<ref name="npolar.no">Regional Index: [https://ansipra.npolar.no/english/Regional%20pages/Yamal_1.html Regional Index], accessdate: May 5, 2017</ref><ref name="britannica.com">Britannica: [http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9340897/Yamalo-Nenets-Autonomous-Okrug ob], accessdate: May 5, 2017</ref><ref name="http://russiatrek.org/yamalo-nenets-okrug">Yamalo-Nenets region, Russia facts, resources, climate, photos: [http://russiatrek.org/yamalo-nenets-okrug Yamalo-Nenets region, Russia facts, resources, climate, photos], accessdate: May 5, 2017</ref>

A number of islands are off the okrug's coast – from west to east, the main ones are [[Torasovey Island]], [[Bolotnyy Island]], [[Litke Island]], [[Sharapovy Koshki Islands]], [[Bely Island]], [[Shokalsky Island]], [[Petsovyye Islands]], [[Proklyatyye Islands]], [[Oleny Island]], and [[Vilkitsky Island (Kara Sea)|Vilkitsky Island]].

==History==
On December 10, 1930, '''Yamal (Nenets) National [[Okrug]]''' ({{lang|ru|Ямальский (Ненецкий) национальный округ}}) was formed based on [[Ural Oblast (1923–1934)|Ural Oblast]].

==Administrative divisions==
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug}}
{| border=1 align="right" cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|-
| '''Number of [[raion|districts]]'''<br />(районы)|| 7
|-
| '''Number of towns'''<br />(города)|| 8
|-
| '''Number of [[urban-type settlement]]s'''<br />(посёлки городского типа)|| 5
|-
| '''Number of [[selsovet]]s'''<br />(сельсоветы)|| 41
|-
| colspan=2 align="center"|<small>As of 2002:<ref name="Census">Results of the 2002 [[Russian Census (2002)|Russian Population Census]]—[http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm Territory, number of districts, inhabited localities, and rural administrations of the Russian Federation by federal subject] ''perepis2002.ru'' {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928181511/http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm |date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref></small>
|-
| '''Number of rural localities'''<br />(сельские населённые пункты)|| 102
|-
| '''Number of uninhabited rural localities'''<br />(сельские населённые пункты без населения)|| 19
|-
|}
{{-}}
[[File:Yamalo-Nenetsky AO-names.png|thumb|Map of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]
'''<big>Administrative and municipal divisions</big>'''
{{Russia district OSM map
|federal_subject = Q6407
|frame-lat       = 
|frame-long      = 
|zoom            = 3
|frame-align     = right
|plain           = no
}}
{| class="wikitable" style="padding: 24em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Division
! colspan="2" | Structure
! rowspan="2" | [[OKATO]]
! rowspan="2" | [[OKTMO]]
! rowspan="2" | Urban-type settlement/<br>district-level town*
! rowspan="2" | Rural<br>(selsovet)
|-
!Administrative
!Municipal
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Salekhard]] (Салехард)
| city
| urban okrug
| align="center" | 71 171
| align="center" | 71 951
| 
| 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Gubkinsky (town)|Gubkinsky]] (Губкинский)
| city
| urban okrug
| align="center" | 71 172
| align="center" | 71 952
| 
| 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Labytnangi]] (Лабытнанги)
| city
| urban okrug
| align="center" | 71 173
| align="center" | 71 953
| 
*[[Kharp]] (Харп)
| 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Nadym]] (Надым)
| city
| bgcolor="lightpink" | {{small|(''under [[Nadymsky District|Nadymsky]]'')}}
| align="center" | 71 174
| bgcolor="lightpink" align="center" | 71 916
| 
| 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Muravlenko]] (Муравленко)
| city
| urban okrug
| align="center" | 71 175	
| align="center" | 71 955
| 
| 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Novy Urengoy]] (Новый Уренгой)
| city
| urban okrug
| align="center" | 71 176
| align="center" | 71 956
| 
| 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Noyabrsk]] (Ноябрьск)
| city
| urban okrug
| align="center" | 71 178
| align="center" | 71 958
| 
| 1
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Krasnoselkupsky District|Krasnoselkupsky]] (Красноселькупский)
| colspan="2" | district
| align="center" | 71 153
| align="center" | 71 913
| 
| 3
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Nadymsky District|Nadymsky]] (Надымский)
| district
| okrug
| align="center" | 71 156
| align="center" | 71 916
| 
*[[Pangody]] (Пангоды)
*[[Zapolyarny, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug|Zapolyarny]] 
| 8
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Priuralsky District|Priuralsky]] (Приуральский)
| colspan="2" | district
| align="center" | 71 158
| align="center" | 71 918
| 
| 6
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Purovsky District|Purovsky]] (Пуровский)
| district
| okrug
| align="center" | 71 160
| align="center" | 71 920
| 
*[[Tarko-Sale]] (Тарко-Сале) town*
*[[Urengoy]] (Уренгой)
| 5
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Tazovsky District|Tazovsky]] (Тазовский)
| district
| okrug
| align="center" | 71 163
| align="center" | 71 923
| 
*[[Tazovsky (rural locality)|Tazovsky]] (Тазовский)
| 4
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Shuryshkarsky District|Shuryshkarsky]] (Шурышкарский)
| colspan="2" | district
| align="center" | 71 166
| align="center" | 71 926
| 
| 8
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Yamalsky District|Yamalsky]] (Ямальский)
| colspan="2" | district
| align="center" | 71 168
| align="center" | 71 928
| 
| 6
|}

==Demographics==
[[File:Стойбище ненцев.jpg|thumb|[[Nenets people]] in 2014]]

{{Historical populations|7=1959|8=62334|9=1970|10=79977|11=1979|12=157616|13=1989|14=486164|15=2002|16=507006|17=2010|18=522904|19=2021|20=510490|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}'''Population''': {{ru-census|p2021=510,490|p2010=522,904|p2002=507,006|p1989=486,164}}

From 1960 to 2016, Yamal Nenets population increased from 60 000 people to more than 530 000 due to the natural resources discovered in the region. Currently, Yamal Nenets is the only Arctic Region in the Russian Federation that is not experiencing population decline. Despite the growing pressure on the regional environment, former governor Dmitry Kobylkin assured in 2016 that industrial developments are not affecting the traditional lifestyles of the native population. Official data accounts for an increment of 11 percent of the indigenous population from 2006 to 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staalesen|first=Atle|date=8 October 2016|title=The Russian Arctic growth region|url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/life-and-public/2016/10/russian-arctic-growth-region|access-date=2021-01-06|website=The Independent Barents Observer|language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -YaNAO.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy at birth in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]

===Vital statistics===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! style="width:70pt;"|Year
! style="width:70pt;"|Average population (× 1000)
! style="width:70pt;"|Live births
! style="width:70pt;"|Deaths
! style="width:70pt;"|Natural change
! style="width:70pt;"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! style="width:70pt;"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! style="width:70pt;"|Natural change (per 1000)
|-
| 1970
| 84
|1,683
| 879
| 804
|20.0
|10.5
|9.6
|-
| 1975
| 127
|2,307
| 819
|1,488
|18.2
|6.4
|11.7
|-
| 1980
| 194
|3,347
|1,178
|2,169
|17.3
|6.1
|11.2
|-
| 1985
| 374
|7,838
|1,555
|6,283
|21.0
|4.2
|16.8
|-
| 1990
| 489
|8,032
|1,631
|6,401
|16.4
|3.3
|13.1
|-
| 1991
| 483
|7,121
|1,623
|5,498
|14.7
|3.4
|11.4
|-
| 1992
| 470
|6,123
|2,108
|4,015
|13.0
|4.5
|8.5
|-
| 1993
| 466
|5,697
|2,764
|2,933
|12.2
|5.9
|6.3
|-
| 1994
| 473
|6,274
|2,998
|3,276
|13.3
|6.3
|6.9
|-
| 1995
| 483
|6,337
|3,107
|3,230
|13.1
|6.4
|6.7
|-
| 1996
| 489
|6,241
|3,004
|3,237
|12.8
|6.1
|6.6
|-
| 1997
| 495
|6,208
|2,715
|3,493
|12.5
|5.5
|7.1
|-
| 1998
| 498
|6,395
|2,544
|3,851
|12.8
|5.1
|7.7
|-
| 1999
| 498
|6,071
|2,608
|3,463
|12.2
|5.2
|7.0
|-
| 2000
| 497
|5,839
|2,763
|3,076
|11.7
|5.6
|6.2
|-
| 2001
| 501
|6,388
|3,057
|3,331
|12.8
|6.1
|6.7
|-
| 2002
| 506
|6,635
|2,934
|3,701
|13.1
|5.8
|7.3
|-
| 2003
| 510
|7,163
|3,093
|4,070
|14.1
|6.1
|8.0
|-
| 2004
| 511
|7,264
|2,975
|4,289
|14.2
|5.8
|8.4
|-
| 2005
| 512
|7,148
|3,099
|4,049
|14.0
|6.0
|7.9
|-
| 2006
| 513
|7,036
|3,000
|4,036
|13.7
|5.8
|7.9
|-
| 2007
| 515
|7,700
|2,937
|4,763
|14.9
|5.7
|9.2
|-
| 2008
| 517
|7,892
|2,959
|4,933
|15.3
|5.7
|9.5
|-
| 2009
| 519
|8,216
|2,924
|5,292
|15.8
|5.6
|10.2
|-
| 2010
| 522
|8,263
|2,873
|5,390
|15.8
|5.5
|10.3
|- class=sortbottom
!scope=row colspan=8 | '''Source:'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/Cbsd/DBInet.cgi#1|title=Russian Federal State Statistics Service}}</ref>
|}

====Regional demographics====
[[File:Муравленко март 2014 - panoramio (2).jpg|thumb|[[Muravlenko]]]]
[[File:North Districts of Novy Urengoy.jpg|thumb|North Districts of [[Novy Urengoy]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!'''[[Raion]]'''
!'''Pp (2007)'''
!'''Births'''
!'''Deaths'''
!'''Growth'''
!'''BR'''
!'''DR'''
!'''NGR'''
|-
|'''Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug'''
|'''538,600'''
|'''5,814'''
|'''2,202'''
|'''3,612'''
|'''14.39'''
|'''5.45'''
|'''0.89%'''
|-
|[[Salekhard]]
|40,500
|499
|256
|243
|16.43
|8.43
|0.80%
|-
|[[Gubkinsky (town)|Gubkinsky]]
|22,300
|263
|71
|192
|15.72
|4.25
|1.15%
|-
|[[Labytnangi]]
|27,700
|333
|212
|121
|16.03
|10.20
|0.58%
|-
|[[Muravlenko]]
|37,000
|361
|104
|257
|13.01
|3.75
|0.93%
|-
|[[Nadym]]
|48,500
|443
|197
|246
|12.18
|5.42
|0.68%
|-
|[[Novy Urengoy]]
|117,000
|1,122
|334
|788
|12.79
|3.81
|0.90%
|-
|[[Noyabrsk]]
|109,900
|1,029
|384
|645
|12.48
|4.66
|0.78%
|-
|[[Krasnoselkupsky]]
|6,200
|99
|41
|58
|21.29
|8.82
|1.25%
|-
|[[Nadymsky]]
|21,300
|221
|67
|154
|13.83
|4.19
|0.96%
|-
|[[Priuralsky District|Priuralsky]]
|15,300
|179
|72
|107
|15.60
|6.27
|0.93%
|-
|[[Purovsky]]
|49,900
|548
|195
|353
|14.64
|5.21
|0.94%
|-
|[[Tazovsky District|Tazovsky]]
|17,200
|268
|92
|176
|20.78
|7.13
|1.36%
|-
|[[Shuryshkarsky]]
|9,900
|144
|69
|75
|19.39
|9.29
|1.01%
|-
|[[Yamalsky]]
|15,900
|305
|108
|197
|25.58
|9.06
|1.65%
|- class=sortbottom
!scope=row colspan=8 | '''Source:'''<ref>http://www.oblstat.tmn.ru/statinfo\act\dwiz.htm{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} for 2008 (January–October)</ref>
|}

===Ethnic groups===
The [[Nenets people|Nenets]] make up 8.9% of the population, preceded by ethnic [[Russians]] (62.9%), and followed by [[Tatars]] (4.7%) and [[Ukrainians]] (4.5%). Other prominent ethnic groups include [[Khanty]] (2.5%),  [[Azerbaijanis]] (1.7%), [[Bashkirs]] (1.5%), [[Kumyks]] (1.2%), and [[Nogais]] (0.9%) (all figures are from the 2021 Census).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2FTom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK|title=Russian Census of 2021}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Due to the area's oil and natural gas wealth, it is one of the few places in Russia where the ethnic Russian population is growing.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="2" | 1939 Census
! colspan="2" | 1959 Census
! colspan="2" | 1970 Census
! colspan="2" | 1979 Census
! colspan="2" | 1989 Census
! colspan="2" | 2002 Census
! colspan="2" | 2010 Census<sup>1</sup>
! colspan="2" | 2021 Census
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Russians]]
| 19,308||42.1%
| 27,789||44.6%
| 37,518||46.9%
| 93,750||59.0%
| 292,808||59.2%
| 298,359||58.8%
| 312,019||61.7%
| 253,306||62.9%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Ukrainians]]
| 395||0.9%
| 1,921||3.1%
| 3,026||3.8%
| 15,721||9.9%
| 85,022||17.2%
| 66,080||13.0%
| 48,985||9.7%
| 18.234||4.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Nenets people|Nenets]]
| 13,454||29.3%
| 13,977||22.4%
| 17,538||21.9%
| 17,404||11.0%
| 20,917||4.2%
| 26,435||5.2%
| 29,772||5.9%
| 35,917||8.9%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Tatars]]
| 1,636||3.6%
| 3,952||6.3%
| 4,653||5.8%
| 8,556||5.4%
| 26,431||5.3%
| 27,734||5.5%
| 28,509||5.6%
| 18,912||4.7%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Khanty]]
| 5,367||11.7%
| 5,519||8.9%
| 6,513||8.1%
| 6,466||4.1%
| 7,247||1.5%
| 8,760||1.7%
| 9,489||1.9%
| 9,985||2.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Komi peoples|Komi]]
| 4,722||10.3%
| 4,866||7.8%
| 5,445||6.8%
| 5,642||3.6%
| 6,000||1.2%
| 6,177||1.2%
| 5,141||1.0%
| 3,556||0.9%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Selkups]]
| 87||0.2%
| 1,245||2.0%
| 1,710||2.1%
| 1,611||1.0%
| 1,530||0.3%
| 1,797||0.4%
| 1,988||0.4%
| 2,001||0.5%
|-
|align="left"|  Others
| 871||1.9%
| 3,065||4.9%
| 3,574||4.5%
| 9,694||6.1%
| 54,889||11.1%
| 71,664||14.1%
| 74,625||14.3%
| 70,873||15.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="17"| <sup>1</sup> <small>17,517 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. The proportion of ethnicities in this group is estimated to be the same as that of the declared group.</small><ref>[http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936 Перепись-2010: русских становится больше]. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.</ref>
|}

===Religion===
{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/en/arena "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"]. Sreda, 2012.</ref><ref name="2012Arena-religion-maps">[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].</ref>
|float=right
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]]|DarkOrchid|42.2}}
{{Bar percent|Other [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]]|MediumOrchid|0.6}}
{{Bar percent|[[Old Believers]]|Purple|0.6}}
{{Bar percent|[[Protestantism in Russia|Protestantism]]|Navy|0.6}}
{{Bar percent|Other [[Christianity in Russia|Christians]]|DeepSkyBlue|13.8}}
{{Bar percent|[[Islam in Russia|Islam]]|Green|17.4}}
{{Bar percent|[[Rodnovery]] and other native faiths|Red|1.4}}
{{Bar percent|[[Spiritual but not religious]]|DarkSlateGray|13.8}}
{{Bar percent|[[Atheism]] and [[irreligion]]|Black|7.8}}
{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|1.8}}
}}

According to a 2012 survey<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas"/> 42.2% of the population of Yamalia adhere to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], 14% are [[nondenominational Christianity|unaffiliated]] generic [[Christians]], 1% are believers in Orthodox Christianity who do not belong to any church, 1% are members of the [[Slavic neopaganism]] (Rodnovery) or practitioners of local [[shamanism|shamanic]] religions, and 1% are members of [[Protestantism|Protestant churches]]; [[Muslim]]s, mostly [[peoples of the Caucasus|Caucasian peoples]] and [[Tatars]], make up 18% of the total population. In addition, 14% of the population declare to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% are [[atheism|atheist]], and 0.8% follow other religions or did not give an answer to the question.<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas"/>
{{clear}}

==Economy==
[[File:Zapolyarnoye Field (Novy Urengoy).jpg|thumb|[[Zapolyarnoye gas field]]]]
In 2009, Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is Russia's most important source of [[natural gas]], with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production.<ref name="kommersant">{{cite web|url=http://www.kommersant.com/p-30/r_373/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Area/|title=Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area|date=2004-03-05|publisher=Kommersant|access-date=2009-08-26|archive-date=September 7, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907082621/http://www.kommersant.com/p-30/r_373/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Area/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The region is the most important to Russia's largest company [[Gazprom]], whose main production fields are located there. [[Novatek]]&nbsp;– the country's second-largest gas producer&nbsp;– is also active in the region, with its headquarters located in [[Tarko-Sale]]. According to Novatek on 22 October 2019, the natural gas reserves in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug represent 80% of Russia's natural gas and 15% of the world's natural gas supply.<ref name=Novatek20191022>{{cite web |url=https://www.novatek.ru/ru/press/releases/index.php?id_4=3507 |title=Пресс-релизы и мероприятия: Сообщение ПАО "НОВАТЭК" в отношении танкеров ледового класса Arc7 |trans-title=Press releases and events: Communication from PAO NOVATEK regarding Arc7 ice class tankers |work=[[Novatek]] website |location=[[Moscow]] |date=22 October 2019 |access-date=4 January 2020 |archive-date=22 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022164959/https://www.novatek.ru/ru/press/releases/index.php?id_4=3507}}</ref>

Since the early 2010s Gazprom has been developing [[Yamal project]] in the Yamal Peninsula area. As of 2020, Yamal produces over 20% of Russia's gas, which is expected to increase to 40% by 2030. The shortest pipeline routes from Yamal to the northern EU countries are the [[Yamal–Europe pipeline]] through Poland and [[Nord Stream 1]] to Germany.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Russian-gas-amid-market-tightness.pdf |title=Big Bounce: Russian gas amid market tightness |last=Yermakov |first=Vitaly |publisher=Oxford Institute for Energy Studies |date=September 2021 }}</ref> The proposed gas route from Western Siberia to [[China]] is known as [[Altai gas pipeline|Power of Siberia 2]] pipeline.<ref>{{cite news |title='Power of Siberia 2' Pipeline Could See Europe, China Compete for Russian Gas |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/power-of-siberia-2-pipeline-could-see-europe-china-compete-for-russian-gas-/6402242.html |work=VOA News |date=18 January 2022}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Anastasia Lapsui]] (b. 1944), Nenets film director, screenwriter, radio journalist

==See also==
{{Portal|Russia|Siberia}}
*[[List of chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==Sources==
*{{Cite Russian law
|ru_entity=Законодательное Собрание Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа
|ru_type=Закон
|ru_number=119-ЗАО
|ru_date=17 ноября 2010 г.
|ru_title=О гимне Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа
|ru_effective_date=со дня официального опубликования (20 ноября 2010 г.)
|ru_published_in="Красный Север", спецвыпуск №147/1
|ru_published_date=20 ноября 2010 г
|en_entity=Legislative Assembly of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
|en_type=Law
|en_number=119-ZAO
|en_date=November&nbsp;17, 2010
|en_title=On the Anthem of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
|en_effective_date=the day of the official publication (November&nbsp;20, 2010)
}}
*{{RussiaBasicLawRef|yan}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug}}
* {{in lang|ru|cap=yes}} [https://xn--80aze9d.xn--h1akdx.xn--80aswg/ Informational website of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514034352/https://xn--80aze9d.xn--h1akdx.xn--80aswg/ |date=May 14, 2021 }}

{{Subdivisions of Russia}}
{{Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug| ]]
[[Category:1930 establishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Autonomous okrugs of Russia]]
[[Category:Autonomous okrugs of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Kara Sea]]
[[Category:Countries and territories where Russian is an official language]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1930]]
[[Category:Ural Federal District]]