View source for Yogh

{{Short description|Letter of the Latin alphabet}}
{{About|the Middle English letter ȝ|the number|3|the IPA letter ʒ|Ezh|the Anglo-Saxon rune transcribed as ȝ|Gyfu}}
{{Infobox grapheme
|name=Ȝ
|letter=Ȝ ȝ
|variations=([[#Related characters|See below]], [[#Typographic variants|Typographic]])
|image=Latin letter Yogh.svg
|imageclass=skin-invert-image
|imagesize=200px
|imagealt=Writing cursive forms of Ȝ
|script=[[Latin script]]
|type=[[Alphabet]]
|typedesc=ic 
|language=[[Middle English language]]<br>[[Latin language]]
|phonemes=[{{IPA link|g}}]<br>[{{IPA link|j}}]<br>[{{IPA link |ŋ}}]<br />[{{IPA link|ɣ}}]<br>[{{IPA link|x}}]<br>[{{IPA link|ç}}]<br />[{{IPA link|i}}]<br>[{{IPA link|ʃ}}]<br>[{{IPA link|ʎ}}]<br />[{{IPA link |ð}}]<br /> [{{IPA link|dʒ}}]
|alphanumber=
|number=
|fam1=<hiero>T14</hiero>
|fam2=[[File:Proto-semiticG-01.svg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Gimel]]
|fam3=[[File:phoenician gimel.svg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Gimel]]
|fam4=[[File:Greek Gamma 03.svg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Early Greek Gamma]]
|fam5=[[File:Early Etruscan C.svg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Early Etruscan C]]
|fam6=[[Gamma|Γ γ]]
|fam7=[[𐌂]]
|fam8=[[C]]
|fam9=[[G|G g]]
|fam10=[[Insular G|Ᵹ ᵹ]]
|usageperiod=~1150 to ~1500
|children=None
|sisters=[[C]]<br>[[G]]<br>[[Г]]<br>[[Gimel|ג<br>ج<br>ܓ]]<br />[[ࠂ]]<br />[[𐡂]]<br>[[Ꝿ]]<br>[[Gim (Armenian letter)|Գ գ]]
|equivalents=ch, g, gh, j, ng, y
|associates=[[Ch (digraph)|ch]], [[Gh (digraph)|gh]], [[g]], [[j]], [[Ng (digraph)|ng]], [[y]], [[z]]
|direction=Left-to-Right
}}

The letter '''yogh''' (ȝogh) ({{lang|enm|Ȝ}} {{lang|enm|ȝ}}; [[Scots Language|Scots]]: {{lang|sco|yoch}}; [[Middle English]]: {{lang |enm|ȝogh}}) is a [[Latin script|Latin script letter]] that was used in [[Middle English]] and [[Older Scots (disambiguation)|Older Scots]], representing ''y'' ({{IPA |/j/}}) and various [[velar consonant|velar]] phonemes. It descends from the [[Insular G]], the form of the letter ''g'' in the medieval [[Insular script]], ᵹ.

In Middle English writing, [[Z#Variant and derived forms|tailed z]] came to be indistinguishable from yogh.

In [[Middle Scots]], the character yogh became confused with a cursive z and the early Scots printers often used z when yogh was not available in their fonts.<ref name="DSL">{{Citation|url= http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/z |work=DSL: Dictionary of the Scots Language / Dictionar o the Scots Leid |title=Z |place= UK}}.</ref> Consequently, some [[Scots language|Modern Scots]] words have a ''z'' in place of a yogh—the common surname [[Menzies]] was originally written Menȝies (nowadays pronounced ''mingis'' but originally ''menyers'', from the French ''menieres'').

Yogh is shaped similarly to the [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic letter]] [[Ze (Cyrillic)|З]] and the [[Arabic numerals|Arabic numeral]] [[3]], which are sometimes substituted for the character in online reference works. There is some confusion about the letter in the literature, as the English language was far from standardised at the time. Capital {{lang|ang|Ȝ}} is represented in [[Unicode]] by code point {{unichar|021C|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YOGH|html=}}, and lower case {{lang|ang|ȝ}}  by code point {{unichar|021D|LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH|html=}}.

== Pronunciation ==
[[File:Yogh.svg|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|upright=0.5|Capital yogh (left), lowercase yogh (right)]]
In Modern English, "yogh" is pronounced {{IPAc-en|j|ɒ|ɡ}}, {{IPAc-en|j|ɒ|x}} using [[Vowel length#"Long" and "short" vowel letters in spelling and the classroom teaching of reading|short]] o<ref name = "OED">{{OED|yogh}}</ref> or {{IPAc-en|j|oʊ|ɡ}}, {{IPAc-en|j|oʊ|k}}, {{IPAc-en|j|oʊ|x}}, using long o.<ref>{{Citation | title = Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary | edition = 10th}}.</ref>

It stood for {{IPAc-en|ɡ}} and its various allophones—including {{IPA |[ɡ]}} and the [[voiced velar fricative]] {{IPA|[ɣ]}}—as well as the phoneme {{IPAc-en|j}} ({{angle bracket|y}} in modern [[English orthography]]). In [[Middle English]], it also stood for the phoneme {{IPA|/x/}} and its allophone [ç] as in {{angle bracket|{{lang|ang|niȝt}}}} {{gloss|night}} ({{IPA |[niçt]}}), and also represented the phonemes /j/ and /dʒ/. Sometimes yogh stood for {{IPA|/j/}} or {{IPA|/w/}}, as in the word {{angle bracket|{{lang|ang|ȝoȝelinge}}}} {{IPA |[ˈjowəlɪŋɡə]}} {{gloss|yowling}}.

In [[Middle Scots]], it represented the sound {{IPA|/j/}} in the clusters {{IPA|/lj/}}, {{IPA|/ŋj/}} and {{IPA|/nj/}}, written ''l{{lang|ang|ȝ}}'' and ''n{{lang|ang|ȝ}}''.<ref name = "DOST">{{Citation | publisher = DSL | place = UK | url = http://www.dsl.ac.uk/SCOTSHIST/output4.php?file=NEW-Final6phonology.htm | archive-url = https://archive.today/20121223025948/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/SCOTSHIST/output4.php?file=NEW-Final6phonology.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = December 23, 2012 | title = DOST: A History of Scots to 1700 }}.</ref>

In medieval [[Cornish language|Cornish]] manuscripts, yogh was used to represent the [[voiced dental fricative]] {{IPA |[ð]}}, as in {{angle bracket|{{lang|ang|ȝoȝo}}}}, now written {{angle bracket|dhodho}}, pronounced {{IPA|[ðoðo]}}.

== History ==
[[File:Ploughmen Fac simile of a Miniature in a very ancient Anglo Saxon Manuscript published by Shaw with legend God Spede ye Plough and send us Korne enow.png|left|thumb|Yogh used for {{IPA|/x/|cat=no}} in Middle English: {{lang|enm|God spede þe plouȝ & sende us korne inow}} ("God speed the plough and send us corn enough")]]

===Old English===
{{Further|Insular G}}
The original Germanic ''g'' sound was expressed by the [[gyfu]] rune in the [[Anglo-Saxon runes|Anglo-Saxon futhorc]] (which is itself sometimes rendered as {{lang|ang|ȝ}} in modern [[Runic transliteration and transcription|transliteration]]). Following palatalization, both ''gyfu'' and Latin ''g'' in Old English expressed the {{IPA|/j/}} sound before front vowels. For example, "year" was written as ''gear'', even though the word had never had a ''g'' sound (deriving from [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] ''*jērą'').

With the re-introduced possibility of a {{IPA|/ɡ/}} sound before front vowels, notably in the form of loanwords from the [[Old Norse]] (such as ''gere'' from Norse ''gervi'', Modern English ''gear''), this orthographical state of affairs became a source of confusion, and a distinction of "real ''g''" ({{IPA|/ɡ/}}) from "palatalized ''g''" ({{IPA|/j/}}) became desirable.

In the Old English period, [[Insular G|ᵹ]] was simply the way Latin ''[[g]]'' was written in the [[Insular script]] introduced at the [[Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England|Christianisation of England]] by the [[Hiberno-Scottish mission]]. It only came to be used as a letter <em>distinct</em> from ''g'' in the Middle English period, where it evolved in appearance into ȝ, now considered a separate character.

===Middle English===
In the 14th century, the [[Gh (digraph)|digraph ''gh'']] arose as an alternative to yogh for /x/, and eventually overtook yogh in popularity; still, the variety of pronunciations persisted, as evidenced by ''cough'', ''taught'', and ''though''.{{clarify|date=August 2023}}<!--Did these words really have different pronunciations at the time when they were realisations of /x/, which is what the sentence talks about? Didn't they all have [x]? And saying that they 'persisted' sounds odd, since the identical pronunciation as [x] is the older situation and the difference is what is new.--> The process of replacing the yogh with ''gh'' was slow, and was not completed until the arrival of printing presses (which lacked yogh) in England around the end of the fifteenth century. Not every English word that contains a ''gh'' was originally spelled with a yogh: for example, ''spaghetti'' is [[Italian language|Italian]], where the ''h'' makes the ''g'' hard (i.e., {{IPA|[ɡ]}} instead of {{IPA|[dʒ]}}); ''ghoul'' is [[Arabic]], in which the ''gh'' was {{IPA|/ɣ/}}.

The medieval author [[Ormulum|Orm]] used this letter in three ways when writing Early Middle English. By itself, it represented {{IPA|/j/}}, so he used this letter for the ''y'' in "yet". Doubled, it represented {{IPA|/i/}}, so he ended his spelling of "may" with two yoghs. Finally, the digraph of ''ȝh'' represented {{IPA|/ɣ/}}.<ref>{{cite book | last = Crystal | first = David | author-link = David Crystal | title = The Stories of English | date = 2004-09-09 | publisher = Overlook Press | location = New York | isbn = 1-58567-601-2 | page = [https://archive.org/details/storiesofenglish00crys/page/197 197] | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/storiesofenglish00crys/page/197 }}</ref>

In the late Middle English period, yogh was [[Middle English#Alphabet|no longer used]]: {{lang|ang|niȝt}} came to be spelled ''night''. Middle English re-imported [[Carolingian G|G in its French form]] for {{IPA|/ɡ/}} (As a further side note, [[French language|French]] also used  {{angle bracket|y}} to represent {{IPA|/j/}} in words like ''voyage'' and ''yeux'').

===Scots===
In words of [[French language|French]] and [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]] origin, the [[Early Scots]] [[palatal consonant]] {{IPA |/[[palatal nasal|ɲ]]/}} had become {{IPA|/nj/}} or in some cases {{IPA|/ŋj/}}, and the palatal consonant {{IPA |/[[Palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]/}} had become {{IPA|/lj/}} by the Middle Scots period.<ref name = "DOST" /> Those were variously written {{lang|ang|nȝ(h)e}}, {{lang|ang|ngȝe}}, {{lang |ang|ny(h)e}} or {{lang |ang|ny(i)e}}, and {{lang |ang|lȝ(h)e}}, {{lang|ang|ly(i)e}} or {{lang|ang|lyhe}} (cf. ''gn'' and ''gli'' in [[Italian language|Italian]]). By the [[Modern Scots]] period the yogh had been replaced by the character ''z'', in particular for {{IPA |/ŋj/}}, {{IPA |/nj/}} (''n{{lang |ang|ȝ}}'') and {{IPA |/lj/}} (''l{{lang |ang|ȝ}}''), written ''nz'' and ''lz''. The original {{IPA|/hj/}} and {{IPA|/çj/}} developed into {{IPA|/ʃ(j)/}} in some words such as {{lang|ang|Ȝetland}} or ''Zetland'' for ''Shetland''.<ref name = "DSL" /> Yogh was also used to represent {{IPA |/j/}} in words such as {{lang |ang|ȝe}}, {{lang|ang|ȝhistirday}}'' (yesterday) and {{lang |ang|ȝoung}}'' but by the Modern Scots period ''y'' had replaced yogh.<ref>{{Citation | last = Kniezsa | first = V | editor-last = Jones | editor-first = C | year = 1997 | title = The Edinburgh history of the Scots language | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | page = 38}}.</ref> The pronunciation of [[Mackenzie (surname)|MacKenzie]] (and its variant spellings) (from Scottish Gaelic {{lang|gd|MacCoinnich}} {{IPA|gd|maxˈkʰɤɲɪç|}}), originally pronounced {{IPA|sco|məˈkɛŋjiː|}} in Scots,<ref name = "DSL" /> shows where yogh became z. [[Menzies Campbell]] is another example.

===After the development of printing===
In Middle Scots orthography, the use of yogh became confused with a cursive ''z'' and the early Scots printers often used ''z'' when yogh was not available in their fonts.

The yogh glyph can be found in surnames that start with a ''Y'' in Scotland and Ireland; for example the surname Yeoman, which would have been spelled {{lang|ang|Ȝeman}}. Sometimes, the yogh would be replaced by the letter ''z'', because the shape of the yogh was identical to some forms of handwritten ''z''.

In [[Unicode]] 1.0, the character yogh was mistakenly unified with the quite different character [[ezh]] (Ʒ ʒ), and yogh itself was not added to Unicode until version 3.0.

== Examples of Middle English words containing a yogh ==
These are examples of Middle English words that contain the letter yogh in their spellings.<ref>{{Citation | title = OED online}}.</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
<!-- * {{lang|ang|enculȝe}} -->
* {{lang|ang|niȝt}} ("night")
* {{lang|ang|yȝe}} ("[[eye]]")
* {{lang|ang|ȝha}} ("[[wikt:yes|yea]]")
* {{lang|ang|yhalȝed}} ("[[hallowed]]")
* {{lang|ang|ȝhat}} ("[[gate]]")
* {{lang|ang|ȝhe(i)d(e)}} (past tense of "go", which in ME is often "yede")
* {{lang|ang|yȝ(e/i)ld(e)}}, {{lang|ang|yȝened}} ([[past participle]]s of "yield" and "yean")
* {{lang|ang|yherber(e)ȝed}} ("[[harbour]]ed")
* {{lang|ang|ȝhere}} ("[[ear]]")
{{col-2}}
* {{lang|ang|yhyȝed}} ("[[wikt:hie|hied]], hastened")
* {{lang|ang|ȝiefte}} ("[[gift]]")
* {{lang |ang|ȝif}} ("if")<ref>{{Citation | url = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/EGilds/1:6.2.3?rgn=div3;view=fulltext | publisher = University of Michigan | contribution = English gilds: the original ordinances of more than one hundred early English gilds | title = Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse | year = 1999 | access-date = 2011-06-23}}</ref>
* {{lang|ang|ȝise}} ("yes")
* {{lang|ang|ȝista(i/y)}} ("yesterday")
* {{lang|ang|ȝister-}} ("yester-")
* {{lang|ang|ȝit(e)}} ("yet")
* {{lang|ang|ȝive}} ("give" or "if")
* {{lang|ang|wrouȝte}} ("wrought")<ref>{{Citation | url = http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Piers_Plowman | title = Piers Plowman | publisher = Wikisource}}.</ref>
{{col-end}}

==Scots words with {{angle bracket|z}} for {{angbr|ȝ}}==

===Placenames===
* Adziel – a farm steading near [[Strichen]] in [[Aberdeenshire]] that lends its name to nearby Adziel Wood and Adziel House;
* Ardgilzean – a prehistoric cairn north of [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] and nearby Argilzean Cottage, Eastfield of Ardgilzean and Ardgilzean Plantation;
* Auchenbainzie –&nbsp;a farm steading and hill near [[Penpont]] in [[Dumfries and Galloway]];
* Auchenzeoch – a farm steading near [[Fordoun]] in [[Aberdeenshire]];
* Aucholzie – a settlement in [[Glenmuick]], [[Aberdeenshire]] from the {{langx|gd|achadh coille}} meaning "the field of the wood", also the adjacent stream Allt Cholzie and nearby ruined farmstead Mill of Aucholzie; 
* Balzeordie and Castletoun of Balzeordie – two farms near [[Brechin]] in [[Angus, Scotland|Angus]] and a neighbouring wood Balzeordie Den, site of a minor [[hillfort]] known by the same name;
* Barledziew and Lower Barledziew – two farm steadings in the [[Machars]], Galloway beside a teardrop-sharped [[drumlin]], Barledziew Hill;
* Barncailzie Wood – a Wood in [[Galloway]] that lends its name to a former hunting lodge;
* [[Ben Chonzie]] – a mountain in [[Perthshire]];
* Benziecott – a place on [[Westray]], [[Orkney]];
* Binzean – a location in [[Glen Shee]] with two farmsteadings Wester Binzian and Easter Binzian;
* Branzet Moss – a moor next to a ruined farm steading, Branzet on [[Isle of Bute|Bute]];&nbsp;
* Branziert – a suburb of [[Killearn]] in [[Stirlingshire]];
* The Branziet – pronounced ''bringit'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|b|r|ɪ|ŋ|ɪ|t}}), a farm and settlement near [[Bardowie]], [[East Dunbartonshire]] that lends its name to the Branziet Burn and Branziet Bridge;
* Bunzion – pronounced ''bunion'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|b|ʌ|n|j|ə|n}}), Lower and Upper Bunzion are farms in the Parish of Cults, [[Fife]];
* Cadzow – the former name of the town of [[Hamilton, South Lanarkshire]]; the word continues in modern use in many street names and elsewhere including [[Cadzow Castle]], and the nearby village of [[Kilncadzow]];
* Cairnerzean Fell – a hill in [[Dumfries and Galloway]] that features numerous cairns, two [[hut circle]]s and may lend its name in anglicised form to the nearby village [[Cairnryan]];
* Calzeat – an obsolete place name from the Parish of [[Broughton, Glenholm and Kilbucho]] in [[Peebleshire]] which, since 1971, has leant its name to textile manufacturer Calzeat and Company Limited;
* Calziebohalzie – a former farmstead in Stirlingshire with a rare instance of a word containing two yoghs, from the {{langx|gd|Coille Buachaille}} ({{IPA|gd|kʰɤʎəˈpuəxɪʎə}});
* Carzield –&nbsp;part of [[Kirkmahoe]] parish, Dumfriesshire that lends its name to a [[Castra|Roman fort]], a Medieval [[Tower house]] and a farm and stables; 
* [[Cockenzie]] – pronounced ''cockennie'' (IPA {{IPA|sco|koˈkɪni|}}), from the {{langx|gd|Cùil Choinnich}} meaning "cove of Kenneth", a town in [[East Lothian]];
* Cozie – previously West Cozie, the name given to a row of now ruined cothouses on [[Menmuir|Chapelton of Menmuir]] farm in [[Angus, Scotland|Angus]];
* [[Colzium|Colzium Estate]] – now pronounced as written, a historic estate and mansion house built on the banks of the Colzium Burn near [[Kilsyth]];
* Colquhalzie House – a country house in [[Perthshire]];
* [[Corriemulzie]] – part of the [[Mar Lodge Estate]] in Aberdeenshire, the Linn of Corriemulzie is a waterfall on the Corriemulzie burn;
* Crailzie Hill – a hill in the [[Scottish Borders]];
* Cultezeoun – a farm in [[Carrick, Scotland|Carrick]], [[South Ayrshire]] from the {{langx|gd|cùl tighe Euain}} meaning "the back of Euan's house", the home of [[Margaret McMurray]];
* [[Culzean]] – pronounced ''culain'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|k|ʌ|ˈ|l|eɪ|n|}}), a historic castle in Ayrshire run by the [[National trust for Scotland]];
* Cunzierton – a locality in the east of [[Oxnam]] parish in the [[Scottish Borders]] which lends it's name to Cunzierton Farm, Cunzierton Burn, Cunzierton Hill and the [[hill fort]] atop it;
* [[Dalchonzie]] – a place on the banks of the [[River Earn]] in [[Perthshire]] that lends its name to a country house, farm and power station and the nearby hill Bioran Dalchonzie and a [[Dalchonzie Halt railway station|former railway station]];
* Dalhenzean Lodge – a Bed & Breakfast run from a historic farmsteading in [[Glen Shee]], Perthshire;
* Dalmunzie – pronounced ''dalmoney'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|d|ɑː|l|ˈ|m|ʌ|n|i}}), a historic castle in Perthshire repurposed as a hotel;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dalmunzie.com/ |title=Dalmunzie Castle Hotel |access-date=14 September 2017}}</ref>
* Dalrulzion – sometimes spelled Dalrulzian, the site of a [[hut circle]] and [[cairnfield]] in Perthshire and nearby Middleton of Dalrulzion and Dalrulzion House;
* Dalzean – a dwelling house above [[Penpont]] on the course of the [[Scaur Water]] in Dumfriesshire that lends its name to the Dalzean Burn and the adjacent hill Dalzean Snout;  
* Dalzellowlie, Dallzellowlie or Dalziellily – a colliery located between [[Maybole]] and [[Girvan]] in [[South Ayrshire]] whose deposits were contested between the estates of Culzean and Kilhenzie and were set on fire more than once, burning for many decades and becoming known as Burning Hills;
* [[Drumelzier]] – pronounced ''drumellier'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|d|r|ʌ|m|ˈ|ɛ|l|j|ɛ|r}}), a village in the [[River Tweed|Tweed Valley]] that shares its name with Drumelzier Castle, Drumelzier Kirk, the Drumelzier Burn and [[Drumelzier Law]];
* Drunzie and Drunzie Feus – two adjacent settlements near [[Glenfarg]] in [[Perth and Kinross]];
* Easter Dalziel – pronounced ''deeyel'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|d|iː|ˈ|ɛ|l}}) from Gaelic ''Dail Gheal'' ({{IPA|gd|t̪alˈʝal̪ˠ|}}) meaning "white field";
* Enzie – a settlement in [[Moray]] and [[Enzie railway station]];
* [[Edzell]] – now pronounced as written, a village in [[Angus, Scotland|Angus]] and the nearby Hill of Edzell, Edzell Castle, Mains of Edzell farm and the nearby settlement Edzell Woods;
* Falgunzeon – a farm in [[Dumfries and Galloway]] that lends its name to the adjacent Falgunzeon Hill;
* [[Finzean]] – pronounced ''fingen'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|ɪ|ŋ|ə|n}}), an area in rural [[Aberdeenshire]];
* Finzeuch – a settlement near [[Keig]] in Aberdeenshire;
* Hill of Foulzie – near [[Macduff, Aberdeenshire|Macduff]] in Aberdeenshire and four surrounding farm steadings Foulzie, Backhill of Foulzie, Over Foulzie and Newton of Foulzie;
* Funzie – pronounced ''finnie'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|ɪ|n|i}}), a village on [[Fetlar]] that lends its name to nearby Funzie Ness, Funzie Bay, Haa of Funzie, Loch of Funzie, Muckle Funziegord Geo and the historic dividing wall [[Funzie Girt]];
* Gartwhinzean – a historic settlement near [[Crook of Devon]] in [[Perth and Kinross]];
* Glenrazie – a small settlement near [[Newton Stewart]], Dumfries & Galloway which lends its name to Glenrazie Woods to the north;
* [[Glenzier]] – pronounced ''glinger'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|l|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}), a village in Dumfries & Galloway which lends its name to Glenzierfoot and the Glenzier Burn;
* Helzie – pronounced ''helly'', a place name used for four distinct areas in [[Orkney]], perhaps eponymously named for [[Helgi]] an influential [[Westray]] householder featured in the [[Orkneyinga Saga]]:
** Dale of Helzie – an area of pasture in [[Deerness]] on [[Mainland, Orkney|Mainland]];
** Doun Helzie – a beach on [[Sanday, Orkney]];
** Helzie and Sands of Helzie – an abandoned dwelling place and adjacent beach on [[Westray]];
** Helziegetha – a dwelling on [[Wyre, Orkney|Wyre]];
* Henzie Burn – a [[Burn (landform)|burn]], a tributary to the [[River Almond, Perth and Kinross]] which originates in a high [[Cirque|corrie]], Corry Henzie;
* Inzie Head – a headland on the [[Aberdeenshire]] coast south east of [[St Combs]];
* [[Kailzie Gardens]] – a historic walled garden named after Kailzie Hill and Kailzie Hope near [[Kirkburn, Scottish Borders]];
* Kenzie's Tower – a minor hillock on [[Flotta]] in [[Orkney]];
* Kilchenzie or Kilkenzie – a small settlement on the [[Kintyre]] peninsula, from ''Choinnich'' ({{IPA|gd|ˈxɤɲɪç}}), the genitive of ''Coinneach'' ({{IPA|gd|ˈkʰɤɲəx}}) "Kenneth";
* [[List of listed buildings in Maybole, South Ayrshire|Kilhenzie Castle]] – pronounced ''kilhinny'', a late medieval, baronial [[keep]] in [[Carrick, Scotland|Carrick]], South Ayrshire, also from ''Choinnich'' and which takes its name from the surrounding features Kilhenzie Burn, Kilhenzie Wood and the Back Hill of Kilhenzie;
* Kilmacfadzean – a prehistoric [[burnt mound]] and sheepfold above [[New Luce]] in Galloway;
* Kilrenzie, a remote settlement in the parish of [[Colmonell]] in South Ayrshire;
* [[Kirkgunzeon]] – pronounced ''kirkgunion'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|k|ɜːr|k|g|ʌ|n|j|ə|n}}), a village and civil parish in [[Dumfries and Galloway]] that lends its name to the adjacent stream Kirkgunzeon Lane and the nearby Isles of Kirkgunzeon Farm and Cottage;
* Largizean –&nbsp;a row of three prehistoric [[Menhir|standing stones]] and an adjacent farmstead near [[Kilchattan Bay]] on the [[Isle of Bute]];
* [[Lenzie]] – now pronounced as written (IPA {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɛ|n|z|ɪ}}), but previously ''lenyie'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɛ|n|j|ɪ}}), a village near [[Glasgow]];
* [[Lenziemill]] – a sizeable industrial district of [[Cumbernauld]];
* Malzie or Culmalzie, (sometimes Culmazie) – a site in [[Machars|The Machars]] in Dumfries & Galloway somewhat dubiously supposed to relate to Saint Mhaillidh<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/62889/culmalzie|title=Culmalzie &#124; Canmore|website=canmore.org.uk}}</ref> which lends its name to the Water of Malzie – a tributary of the [[River Bladnoch]] and Corsemalzie – a nearby country house hotel;
* Menzie Cleugh – a gully or ravine in the sea cliff near [[Coldingham]] in the [[Scottish Borders|Borders]] reputedly derived from the name of a person who resided there;
* [[Menzion]] – a village in the [[Scottish Borders|Borders]];
* [[Menzieshill]] – an area of [[Dundee]];
* Monzie – pronounced ''money'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʌ|n|i}}), from the Gaelic ''Moighidh'', "a level tract", a parish in Perthshire near Crieff which lends its name to [[Monzie Castle]] and the [[Falls of Monzie]];
* [[Monzievaird]] – with competing etymologies but supposed to be from the Gaelic ''Maghbhard'', "plain of the bards", a place in [[Perthshire]] — the site of the [[Massacre of Monzievaird]] and which lends its name to [[Loch Monzievaird]];
* [[Moonzie]] – a parish in [[Fife]] generally supposed to be from Gaelic and meaning "hill of the deer";
* Mozie Law – a hilltop in the [[Cheviot Hills]] whose summit lies on the [[Anglo-Scottish border]];
* Munzie Well – a holy well dedicated to [[St Mungo]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/43748/munzie-well|title=Munzie Well &#124; Canmore|website=canmore.org.uk}}</ref> in [[Whitelee Wind Farm|Whitelee Forest]], [[East Renfrewshire]], also Munzie Burn and Munzie Hill;
* Onziebust – an [[RSPB]] nature reserve on the Isle of [[Egilsay]], [[Orkney]] and a second location on [[Wyre, Orkney|Wyre]] — the two identically named areas face each other across the [[Rousay#Rousay Sound|Rousay Sound]];
* Portencalzie – a small settlement near [[Kirkcolm]] on the [[Rhins of Galloway]];
* Pinzarie – pronounced ''pingery'', a farm steading and ruined farm steading, Old Pinzarie underneath Pinzarie Hill upstream from [[Tynron]] on the course of the [[Shinnel Water]];
* Pitcalzean – an obscure archaeological enclosure near the village of [[Nigg, Highland]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/15282/pitcalzean|title=Pitcalzean &#124; Canmore|website=canmore.org.uk}}</ref> that lends its name to nearby Pitcalzean House;
* [[Queenzieburn]] – pronounced ''queenieburn'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|k|w|iː|n|i|b|ɜːr|n}}), a village in [[Lanarkshire]];
* Rannagulzion House – a country house near Blairgowrie in Perthshire;
* [[Ruchazie]] – now pronounced as written (IPA {{IPAc-en|r|ʌ|x|ˈ|h|eɪ|z|ɪ}}), a district of Glasgow;
* Strath Mulzie and Corriemulzie – a broad glen and the river that runs through it in [[Sutherland]] that lends its name to the Corriemulzie Lodge & Estate;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://corriemulzieestate.com/|title=Corriemulzie Estate - Scottish Highlands Lodge & Cottage - Trout & Salmon Fishing, Red Deer Stalking|website=corriemulzieestate.com}}</ref>
* Soilzarie – a small settlement in the parish of Kirkmichael in [[Glen Shee]], Perthshire;
* [[Terringzean Castle, East Ayrshire|Terringzean Castle]] – pronounced ''tringan'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|ɪ|ŋ|ə|n}}) but with a variety of recorded spellings, a castle in [[East Ayrshire]];
* Ulzieside – an estate and farm near [[Sanquhar]] in [[Dumfries and Galloway]];
* Velzie – a small settlement on [[Fetlar]].

See also:
* [[Lochranza]] – a village and sea loch on the [[Isle of Arran]] the {{angle bracket|z}} in this instance deriving from {{langx|gd|Loch Raonasa}}, but nonetheless mistaken as a yogh with written referents to ''Loch Ranga'' found in the 19th century

====Placenames standardised without {{angbr|ȝ}}====
* Cu' Dheis – a township on [[Tiree]] previously found as Cowzeise;
* [[Yieldshields]] – now written as pronounced although previously found as Zuildshields;
* [[Yell (island)|Yell]] – found archaically as Zell in early modern texts;
* [[Shetland]] – known commonly as Zetland in the nineteenth century – [[Zetland County Council]] being the official name of the county from 1890 until 1975 resulting in Shetland [[UK postcodes|postcodes]] beginning with the letters ZE.

===Surnames===
*Alzie – a surname, historically found in [[Renfrewshire]], [[Glasgow]] and [[Lanarkshire]] and possibly an alternate spelling of [[Algie]]. The name fell into disuse in the early nineteenth century;
*Cadzow – see placename;
*[[Dalziel]] – pronounced ''deeyel'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|d|iː|ˈ|ɛ|l}}) or ''dehyell'', from Gaelic ''Dail Gheal'' ({{IPA|gd|t̪alˈʝal̪ˠ|}}); also spelled Dalyell and Dalzell;
*Gilzean – pronounced ''gilain'', a variant of [[Maclean]], from Gaelic ''MacGilleEathain'' ({{IPA|gd|maxkʲɪˈʎe.ɛɲ|}}). However, many now pronounce the 'z', including footballer [[Alan Gilzean]];<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtu5BAAAQBAJ&q=%22alan+gilzean%22+pronounce&pg=PA21|title=In Search of Alan Gilzean|first=James|last=Morgan|date=17 October 2011|publisher=BackPage Press|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0-9564971-1-6}}</ref>
*Malzie –&nbsp;a now defunct surname possibly related to the Dumfries & Galloway placename;
*[[McFadzean]] – pronounced ''macfadyen'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|m|ə|k|ˈ|f|ɑː|d|j|ɪ|n}}), scotticised version of the Gaelic surname ''MacPhaidin'' also found, primarily in Ireland, anglicised as ''MacFadden'';
*[[Mackenzie (surname)|MacKenzie]] – now pronounced as written, though as late as 1946 George Black recorded the original form pronounced ''makenyie'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|k|ɛ|ŋ|j|i}}), from the Gaelic ''MacCoinnich'' ({{IPA|gd|maxˈkʰɤɲɪç|}}) as standard;<ref>{{Citation | first = George | last = Black | title = The Surnames of Scotland | year = 1946 | page = 525}}.</ref>
*[[Menzies]] – most correctly (for example, by [[Robert Menzies|Sir Robert Menzies]]) pronounced ''mingis'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɪ|ŋ|ɪ|s}}),<ref>{{citation | last = Hanks | first = P | year = 2003 | title = Dictionary of American Family Names | publisher = Oxford University Press}}.</ref> now also pronounced with {{IPAc-en|z}};
*[[Ninian Winzet|Winzet]] – pronounced ''winyet'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɪ|n|j|ə|t}}).
See also:
*Gilhaize – a seemingly invented surname used for the eponymous protagonist of [[John Galt (Novelist)|John Galt]]'s [[Ringan Gilhaize]]
*[[Layamon]] – now written as pronounced although frequently rendered with a yogh as Laȝamon up to the early 1900s in literary referents;<ref>{{citation | last = Eaton | first = Lucy Allen | year = 1960 | title = Studies in the fairy mythology of Arthurian romance | publisher = Burt Franklin | page = vii}}.</ref>

===Miscellaneous nouns===
* [[Assoilzie]] – pronounced with a silent ''z'' – in [[Scots law]]: acquittal or [[judgment (law)|ruling in favour of]] the defender in a civil matter;
* Brulzie – with a variety of spellings including bruilzie and broolzie – a commotion or noisy quarrel – possibly related to ''Brulyie'' to broil;<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.scottishreview.net/Dictionary576.html |title= Scots word of the month |website= scottishreview.net |access-date= 2021-06-25 |archive-date= 2021-06-25 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210625061209/https://www.scottishreview.net/Dictionary576.html |url-status= dead }}</ref>
* [[Capercailzie]] – the Scots spelling of [[capercaillie]] (IPA {{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|æ|p|ɚ|ˈ|k|eɪ|l|i}}) from the [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]] ''capall-coille'' ({{IPA|gd|kʰaʰpəl̪ˠˈkʰɤʎə|}}) meaning "forest horse";
* [[Gaberlunzie]] – most correctly pronounced ''gaberlunyie'' (IPA {{IPAc-en|ɡ|æ|b|ər|ˈ|l|ʌ|n|j|i}}) but now often pronounced as written, a licensed [[beggar]];
* [[Possession (Scots law)|Spulzie]] — pronounced ''spooly'' with a variety of spellings including spuilzie and spulyie, both the taking of movable goods and the term for a process of restitution for such crimes;
* [[Tailzie]] – pronounced {{IPA|sco|ˈteɪli|}} in [[Scots law]]: a defunct since 2000 term for an entailed estate/interest in one;
* [[The Holy Tulzie|Tuilzie]] – now standardised to ''Tulyie'' a struggle or fight, from the Old French 'toeillier' meaning to strive, dispute or struggle;<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/brulzie |title= Dictionaries of the Scots Language|website=dsl.ac.uk}}</ref>
*  [[wikt:ulzie|Ulzie]] – pronounced ''ooly'', oil. Found in reference to 'The Ulzie Ball' held by [[Longforgan]] weavers once daylight had returned sufficiently to allow work without the use of oil lamps.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/uilie |title= Dictionaries of the Scots Language|website=dsl.ac.uk}}</ref>

==In Egyptology==
A Unicode-based transliteration system adopted by the [[Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale]]<ref name=IFAO>{{cite web|title=Polices de caractères|url=http://www.ifao.egnet.net/publications/outils/polices/|website=Institut français d'archéologie orientale – Le Caire|access-date=13 September 2014|language=fr}}</ref> suggested the use of the yogh ȝ character as the [[Transliteration of ancient Egyptian|transliteration]] of the [[Egyptian language|Ancient Egyptian]] "[[aleph]]" glyph: <hiero>A</hiero>

The symbol actually used in [[Egyptology]] is [[File:Latin small letter egyptological Alef.svg|class=skin-invert-image|10px]], two half-rings opening to the left. Since Unicode 5.1, it has been assigned its own codepoints (uppercase U+A722 Ꜣ <small>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF</small>, lowercase U+A723 ꜣ <small>LATIN SMALL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF</small>); a fallback is the numeral ''3''.

== See also ==
{{Portal|Language|England|Scotland}}
* [[Old English Latin alphabet]]

== References ==
{{reflist|25em}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}

* {{Citation | author-link = Michael Everson | first = Michael | last = Everson | format = essay | url = http://www.evertype.com/standards/wynnyogh/ezhyogh.html | title = On the derivation of Yogh and Ezh | publisher = Evertype | work = Standards}}
* {{Citation | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4595228.stm | publisher = The BBC | work = BBC News | title= Why is Menzies pronounced Mingis?  | place = UK | date=2006-01-10 |access-date= 2018-09-12}}.

{{Latin script|Ȝ| show pairs = no}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yogh}}
[[Category:Middle English]]
[[Category:Palaeographic letters|G - Yogh]]
[[Category:Phonetic transcription symbols|Yogh]]
[[Category:Latin-script letters|Yogh]]