10th United States Congress

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Template:Short description Template:No footnotes Template:Infobox United States Congress

The 10th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 census; both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority. Template:TOC limit

Major events

Template:Main

President of the Senate George Clinton
President pro tempore
Stephen R. Bradley
Speaker of the House
Joseph B. Varnum

Major legislation

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Territories organized

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

Template:US Congress party summary

House of Representatives

Template:US Congress party summary

Leadership

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Template:Main Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2

Template:Party stripe1. James Hillhouse (F)
Template:Party stripe3. Uriah Tracy (F), died July 19, 1807
Template:Party stripeChauncey Goodrich (F), from October 25, 1807
Template:Party stripe1. Samuel White (F)
Template:Party stripe2. James A. Bayard (F)
Template:Party stripe2. Abraham Baldwin (DR), until March 4, 1807
Template:Party stripeGeorge Jones (DR), August 27, 1807 – November 7, 1807
Template:Party stripeWilliam H. Crawford (DR), from November 7, 1807
Template:Party stripe3. John Milledge (DR)
Template:Party stripe2. Buckner Thruston (DR)
Template:Party stripe3. John Pope (DR)
Template:Party stripe1. Samuel Smith (DR)
Template:Party stripe3. Philip Reed (DR)
Template:Party stripe2. Timothy Pickering (F)
Template:Party stripe1. John Quincy Adams (F), until June 8, 1808
Template:Party stripeJames Lloyd (F), from June 9, 1808
Template:Party stripe2. Nicholas Gilman (DR)
Template:Party stripe3. Nahum Parker (DR)
Template:Party stripe1. John Condit (DR)
Template:Party stripe2. Aaron Kitchell (DR)
Template:Party stripe3. John Smith (DR)
Template:Party stripe1. Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)

Template:Col-2

Template:Party stripe2. James Turner (DR)
Template:Party stripe3. Jesse Franklin (DR)
Template:Party stripe1. John Smith (DR), until April 25, 1808
Template:Party stripeReturn J. Meigs Jr. (DR), from December 12, 1808
Template:Party stripe3. Edward Tiffin (DR)
Template:Party stripe1. Samuel Maclay (DR), until January 4, 1809
Template:Party stripeMichael Leib (DR), from January 9, 1809
Template:Party stripe3. Andrew Gregg (DR)
Template:Party stripe1. Benjamin Howland (DR)
Template:Party stripe2. James Fenner (DR), until September 1807
Template:Party stripeElisha Mathewson (DR), from October 26, 1807
Template:Party stripe2. Thomas Sumter (DR)
Template:Party stripe3. John Gaillard (DR)
Template:Party stripe1. Joseph Anderson (DR)
Template:Party stripe2. Daniel Smith (DR)
Template:Party stripe3. Stephen R. Bradley (DR)
Template:Party stripe1. Israel Smith (DR), until October 1, 1807
Template:Party stripeJonathan Robinson (DR), from October 10, 1807
Template:Party stripe2. William B. Giles (DR)
Template:Party stripe1. Andrew Moore (DR)

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Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 10th Congress in March 1807. Template:Legend Template:Legend

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House of Representatives

Template:Main The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers. Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(7 Federalists)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Epaphroditus Champion (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Samuel W. Dana (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Davenport (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Jonathan O. Moseley (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Timothy Pitkin (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Lewis B. Sturges (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

(1 Federalist)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Nicholas Van Dyke (F), from October 6, 1807

(4 Democratic-Republicans)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William W. Bibb (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Howell Cobb (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Dennis Smelt (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. George M. Troup (DR)

(6 Democratic-Republicans)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Matthew Lyon (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Boyle (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Rowan (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Richard M. Johnson (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Benjamin Howard (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Joseph Desha (DR)

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.
(6-3 Democratic-Republican)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Campbell (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Archibald Van Horne (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Philip B. Key (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Roger Nelson (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William McCreery (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Nicholas R. Moore (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Montgomery (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Edward Lloyd (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Charles Goldsborough (F)

(11-6 Democratic-Republican)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Josiah Quincy (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Jacob Crowninshield (DR), until April 15, 1808
Template:Party stripeJoseph Story (DR), from May 23, 1808
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Edward St. Loe Livermore (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William Ely (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Samuel Taggart (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Joseph Barker (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Isaiah L. Green (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Josiah Dean (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Jabez Upham (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William Stedman (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Barnabas Bidwell (DR), until July 13, 1807
Template:Party stripeEzekiel Bacon (DR), from September 16, 1807
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Ebenezer Seaver (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Richard Cutts (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Daniel Ilsley (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Orchard Cook (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Chandler (DR)

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(5 Democratic-Republicans)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Peter Carleton (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Daniel M. Durell (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Francis Gardner (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Jedediah K. Smith (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Clement Storer (DR)

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(6 Democratic-Republicans)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Ezra Darby (DR), until January 27, 1808
Template:Party stripeAdam Boyd (DR), from March 8, 1808
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William Helms (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Lambert (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Thomas Newbold (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. James Sloan (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Henry Southard (DR)

(15-2 Democratic-Republican)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Samuel Riker (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. and Template:Ushr. Joint district with two seats: Gurdon S. Mumford (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. and Template:Ushr. Joint district with two seats: George Clinton Jr. (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Philip Van Cortlandt (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Blake Jr. (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Daniel C. Verplanck (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Barent Gardenier (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. James I. Van Alen (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Josiah Masters (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Thompson (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. David Thomas (DR), until February 17, 1808
Template:Party stripeNathan Wilson (DR), from November 7, 1808
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Peter Swart (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Russell (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William Kirkpatrick (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Reuben Humphrey (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Harris (DR)

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(11-1 Democratic-Republicans)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Lemuel Sawyer (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Willis Alston (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Thomas Blount (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William Blackledge (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Thomas Kenan (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Nathaniel Macon (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Culpepper (F), until January 2, 1808, and then from February 23, 1808
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Richard Stanford (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Marmaduke Williams (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Evan S. Alexander (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. James Holland (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Meshack Franklin (DR)

(1 Democratic-Republican)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.
(15-3 Democratic-Republican)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Joseph Clay (DR), until March 28, 1808
Template:Party stripeBenjamin Say (DR), from November 16, 1808
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Porter (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Jacob Richards (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Robert Brown (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William Milnor (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Pugh (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Hiester (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Robert Jenkins (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Matthias Richards (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. David Bard (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Robert Whitehill (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Daniel Montgomery Jr. (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. James Kelly (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Rea (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William Findley (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Smilie (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William Hoge (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Samuel Smith (DR)

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(2 Democratic-Republicans)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Nehemiah Knight (DR), until June 13, 1808
Template:Party stripeRichard Jackson Jr. (F), from November 11, 1808
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Isaac Wilbour (DR)

(8 Democratic-Republicans)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Robert Marion (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William Butler Sr. (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. David R. Williams (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Taylor (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Richard Winn (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Joseph Calhoun (DR), from June 2, 1807
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Thomas Moore (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Lemuel J. Alston (DR)

(3 Democratic-Republicans)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Rhea (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. George W. Campbell (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Jesse Wharton (DR)

(2-2 Democratic-Republican)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. James Witherell (DR), until May 1, 1808
Template:Party stripeSamuel Shaw (DR), from September 6, 1808
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. James Elliott (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. James Fisk (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Martin Chittenden (F)

(21-1 Democratic-Republican)

Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John G. Jackson (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Morrow (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Smith (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. David Holmes (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Alexander Wilson (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Abram Trigg (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Joseph Lewis Jr. (F)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Walter Jones (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Love (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Dawson (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. James M. Garnett (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Burwell Bassett (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. William A. Burwell (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Matthew Clay (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Randolph (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John W. Eppes (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Claiborne (DR), until October 9, 1808
Template:Party stripeThomas Gholson Jr. (DR), from November 7, 1808
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Peterson Goodwyn (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Edwin Gray (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Thomas Newton Jr. (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. Wilson C. Nicholas (DR)
Template:Party stripeTemplate:Ushr. John Clopton (DR)

Non-voting members

(no representation)

Template:Ushr. Benjamin Parke, until March 1, 1808
Jesse B. Thomas, from October 22, 1808
Template:Ushr. George Poindexter
Template:Ushr. Daniel Clark

Template:Col-end

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change. Template:See also Template:Ordinal US Congress change

|- | Georgia
(2) | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Abraham Baldwin (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 4, 1807.
Temporary successor appointed August 27, 1807, to continue the term. | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | George Jones (DR) | August 27, 1807

|- | Connecticut
(3) | Template:Party shading/Federalist | Uriah Tracy (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 19, 1807.
Successor elected October 25, 1807, to finish the term. | Template:Party shading/Federalist | Chauncey Goodrich (F) | October 25, 1807

|- | Rhode Island
(2) | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | James Fenner (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September, 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island.
Successor elected to finish the term. | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Elisha Mathewson (DR) | October 26, 1807

|- | Vermont
(1) | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Israel Smith (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 1, 1807, to become Governor of Vermont.
Successor elected to finish the term. | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Jonathan Robinson (DR) | October 10, 1807

|- | Georgia
(2) | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | George Jones (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected November 7, 1807, to finish the term, in place of a temporary appointee. | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | William H. Crawford (DR) | November 7, 1807

|- | Ohio
(1) | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | John Smith (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 25, 1808.
Successor appointed to finish the term ending March 4, 1809. | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR) | December 12, 1808

|- | Massachusetts
(1) | Template:Party shading/Federalist | John Quincy Adams (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term.
Winner elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term. | Template:Party shading/Federalist | James Lloyd (F) | June 9, 1808

|- | Pennsylvania
(1) | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Samuel Maclay (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 4, 1809, believing he would lose re-election.
Winner was elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term. | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Michael Leib (DR) | January 9, 1809

|}

House of Representatives

Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.

Template:Main Template:Ordinal US Congress change

|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Levi Casey (DR) died before the end of the preceding Congress | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Joseph Calhoun (DR) | Seated June 2, 1807 |- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | James M. Broom (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress | Template:Party shading/Federalist | Nicholas Van Dyke (F) | Seated October 6, 1807 |- | Template:Ushr | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Barnabas Bidwell (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 13, 1807, after becoming Attorney General of Massachusetts | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Ezekiel Bacon (DR) | Seated September 16, 1807 |- | Template:Ushr | Template:Party shading/Federalist | John Culpepper (F) | style="font-size:80%" | Seat declared vacant January 2, 1808 | Template:Party shading/Federalist | John Culpepper (F) | Seated February 23, 1808 |- | Template:Ushr | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Ezra Darby (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 27, 1808 | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Adam Boyd (DR) | Seated March 8, 1808 |- | Template:Ushr | Benjamin Parke
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 1, 1808 | Jesse B. Thomas | October 22, 1808 |- | Template:Ushr | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Joseph Clay (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 28, 1808 | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Benjamin Say (DR) | Seated November 16, 1808 |- | Template:Ushr | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Jacob Crowninshield (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 15, 1808 | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Joseph Story (DR) | Seated May 23, 1808 |- | Template:Ushr | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | David Thomas (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming New York State Treasurer | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Nathan Wilson (DR) | November 7, 1808 |- | Template:Ushr | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | James Witherell (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming judge of Supreme Court for Michigan Territory | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Samuel Shaw (DR) | Seated September 6, 1808 |- | Template:Ushr | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Nehemiah Knight (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 13, 1808 | Template:Party shading/Federalist | Richard Jackson Jr. (F) | Seated November 11, 1808 |- | Template:Ushr | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | John Claiborne (DR) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 9, 1808 | Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR) | Seated November 7, 1808 |}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

Template:United States Congresses