2G

Template:Short description Template:Other uses Template:Use dmy dates Template:List of mobile phone generations 2G refers to the second generation of cellular network technology, which were rolled out globally starting in the early 1990s. The main differentiator to previous mobile telephone systems, retrospectively dubbed 1G, is that the radio signals of 2G networks are digital rather than analog, for communication between mobile devices and base stations. In addition to voice telephony, 2G also made possible the use of data services.

The most common 2G technology has been the GSM standard, which became the first globally adopted framework for mobile communications. Other 2G technologies include cdmaOne and the now-discontinued Digital AMPS (D-AMPS/TDMA),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> as well as the Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) and Personal Handy-phone System (PHS) in Japan.

The transition to digital technology enabled the implementation of encryption for voice calls and data transmission, significantly improving the security of mobile communications while also increasing capacity and efficiency compared to earlier analog systems. 2G networks were primarily designed to support voice calls and Short Message Service (SMS), with later advancements such as General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enabling always-on packet data services, including email and limited internet access. 2G was succeeded by 3G technology, which provided higher data transfer rates and expanded mobile internet capabilities.

History

In 1990, AT&T Bell Labs engineers Jesse Russell, Farhad Barzegar and Can A. Eryaman filed a patent for a digital mobile phone that supports the transmission of digital data. Their patent was cited several years later by Nokia and Motorola when they were developing 2G digital mobile phones.<ref name=":27">Template:Cite patent</ref>

2G was first commercially launched in 1991 by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in Finland in the form of GSM, which was defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).<ref name="Radiolinja's History">Template:Cite web</ref> The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) defined the cdmaOne (IS-95) 2G standard, with an eight to ten fold increase in voice call capacity compared to analog AMPS.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The first deployment of cdmaOne was in 1995.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In North America, Digital AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136) and cdmaOne (IS-95) were dominant, but GSM was also used.

Later 2G releases in the GSM space, often referred to as 2.5G and 2.75G, include General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). GPRS allows 2G networks to achieve a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 40 kbit/s (5 kB/s). EDGE increases this capacity, providing a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 384 kbit/s (48 kB/s).

Three primary benefits of 2G networks over their 1G predecessors were:

• Digitally encrypted phone conversations, at least between the mobile phone and the cellular base station but not necessarily in the rest of the network.
• Significantly more efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum enabling more users per frequency band.
• Data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages then expanding to Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS).

Evolution of GSM 2G

Cellular network standards and generation timeline. (Large titles on the colored area refer to the lines to their right.

2.5G (GPRS)

2.5G ("second-and-a-half generation") refers to 2G systems that incorporate a packet-switched domain alongside the existing circuit-switched domain, most commonly implemented through General Packet Radio Service (GPRS).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> GPRS enables packet-based data transmission by dynamically allocating multiple timeslots to users, improving network efficiency. However, this does not inherently provide faster speeds, as similar techniques, such as timeslot bundling, are also employed in circuit-switched data services like High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD). Within GPRS-enabled 2G systems, the theoretical maximum transfer rate is 40 kbit/s (5 kB/s).<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>

2.75G (EDGE)

2.75G refers to the evolution of GPRS networks into EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) networks, achieved through the introduction of 8PSK (8 Phase Shift Keying) encoding. While the symbol rate remained constant at 270.833 samples per second, the use of 8PSK allowed each symbol to carry three bits instead of one, significantly increasing data transmission efficiency. Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), also known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC), is a backward-compatible digital mobile phone technology built as an extension to standard GSM. First deployed in 2003 by AT&T in the United States, EDGE offers a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 384 kbit/s (48 kB/s).<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>

2.875G (EDGE Evolution)

Evolved EDGE (also known as EDGE Evolution or 2.875G) is an enhancement of the EDGE mobile technology that was introduced as a late-stage upgrade to 2G networks. While EDGE was first deployed in the early 2000s as part of GSM networks, Evolved EDGE was launched much later, coinciding with the widespread adoption of 3G technologies such as HSPA and just before the emergence of 4G networks. This timing limited its practical application.

Evolved EDGE increased data throughput and reduced latencies (down to 80 ms) by utilizing improved modulation techniques, dual carrier support, dual antennas, and turbo codes. It achieved peak data rates of up to 1 Mbit/s, significantly enhancing network efficiency for operators that had not yet transitioned to 3G or 4G infrastructures. However, despite its technical improvements, Evolved EDGE was never widely deployed. By the time it became available, most network operators were focused on implementing more advanced technologies like UMTS and LTE. As of 2016, no commercial networks were reported to support Evolved EDGE.

Phase-out

Template:See also 2G, understood as GSM and CdmaOne, has been superseded by newer technologies such as 3G (UMTS / CDMA2000), 4G (LTE / WiMAX) and 5G (5G NR). However, 2G networks were still available Template:As of in most parts of the world, while notably excluding the majority of carriers in North America, East Asia, and Australia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Many modern LTE-enabled devices have the ability to fall back to 2G for phone calls, necessary especially in rural areas where later generations have not yet been implemented.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In some places, its successor 3G is being shut down rather than 2G – Vodafone previously announced that it had switched off 3G across Europe in 2020 but still retains 2G as a fallback service.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the US T-Mobile shut down their 3G services while retaining their 2G GSM network.<ref name="TM 2G">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="TM 3G Shutdown US">Template:Cite web</ref>

Various carriers have made announcements that 2G technology in the United States, Japan, Australia, and other countries are in the process of being shut down, or have already shut down 2G services so that carriers can re-use the frequencies for newer technologies (e.g. 4G, 5G).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

As a legacy protocol, 2G connectivity is considered insecure.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Specifically, there exist well known methods to attack weaknesses in GSM since 2009<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> with practical use in crime.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Attack routes on 2G CdmaOne were found later and remain less publicized.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Android 12 and later provide a network setting to disable 2G connectivity for the device.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> iOS 16 and later can disable 2G connectivity by enabling Lockdown Mode.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Criticism

In some parts of the world, including the United Kingdom, 2G remains widely used for older feature phones and for internet of things (IoT) devices such as smart meters, eCall systems and vehicle trackers to avoid the high patent licensing cost of newer technologies.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Terminating 2G services could leave vulnerable people who rely on 2G infrastructure unable to communicate even with emergency contacts, causing harm and possibly deaths.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Past 2G networks

Country	Status	Network	Shutdown date	Standard	Notes
Template:Flag		Ålcom	2025-02-03	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Digicel	Template:Fontcolour	GSM	900 MHz: 5 MHz GSM + 5 MHz UMTS 1900 MHz: 5 MHz UMTS <ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		FLOW	2024-04-22	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	APUA	2018-04-01	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		Digicel	2024-05-31	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		FLOW	2024-07-31	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	partially unconfirmed	Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		SETAR	Template:Fontcolour	GSM	GSM-900 & GSM-1900
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	Hutchison 3	2006-08-09	cdmaOne	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		Optus	2017-08-01	GSM	2G shut down in WA and NT on 3 Apr 2017.<ref name="Optus AU">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		Telstra	2008-04-28	cdmaOne	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		Telstra	2016-12-01	GSM	<ref name="Telstra AU">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Vodafone	2018-06-14	GSM	<ref name="VF AU">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	Aliv	N/A	Template:Fontcolour
		BTC	2024-06-30	GSM	<ref name="BTC BS 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="BTC BS 2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="BTC BS 3">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Batelco	2021-11-30	GSM	<ref name="Batelco BH">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	partially unconfirmed	Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM	900 MHz: 6 MHz GSM / 1800 MHz: 12 MHz GSM <ref name="SM Frequencies BB">Template:Cite web</ref>
		FLOW	Template:Partial2	GSM
Template:Flag		Orange	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown Europe">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Telenet	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="Telenet BE">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Proximus	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Digicel	Template:Fontcolour	GSM	1900 MHz: 15 MHz GSM + 15 MHz LTE <ref name="SM Frequencies BM">Template:Cite web</ref>
		One	Template:Fontcolour	GSM	1900 MHz: 5 MHz GSM + 20 MHz LTE <ref name="SM Frequencies BM" />
Template:Flag	partially unconfirmed	Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM
		FLOW	Template:Partial2	GSM
Template:Flag		CCT	Template:Fontcolour	GSM	1900 MHz: 10 MHz GSM + 20 MHz LTE <ref name="SM Frequencies VG">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Digicel	Template:Fontcolour	GSM	1800 MHz: 15 MHz GSM 1900 MHz: 5 MHz GSM + 10 MHz UMTS <ref name="SM Frequencies VG" />
		FLOW	2024-04-22	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown BVI">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	UNN	2021-06-01	GSM	National Wholesale Network used by DSTCom, Progresif and imagine.<ref name="2G Shutdown BN 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="2G Shutdown BN 2">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Bell	2019-04-30	cdmaOne	Shutdown of CDMA transmitters commenced in remote areas in 2017, followed by an official announcement in June 2018 that 2G devices will lose service soon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Bell CA">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Rogers Wireless	Template:Partial2	GSM	Template:Fontcolour 850 MHz remains active.<ref name="Rogers CA 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Rogers CA 2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Rogers CA 3">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Rogers CA 4">Template:Cite web</ref>
		SaskTel	2017-07-31	cdmaOne	<ref name="Saktel CA 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Sasktel CA 2">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Telus Mobility	2017-05-31	cdmaOne	<ref name="Telus CA 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Telus CA 2">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	partially unconfirmed	Digicel	2020-07-01	GSM	<ref name="Digicel KY 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Digicel KY 2">Template:Cite web</ref>
		FLOW	Template:Partial2	GSM
Template:Flag		China Mobile	Template:Fontcolour	GSM	900 MHz: 15 MHz GSM 1800 MHz: 25 MHz GSM <ref name="SM Frequencies CN">Template:Cite web</ref>
		China Telecom	Template:Partial2	cdmaOne	Template:Fontcolour CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A/B (3G) service also terminates.<ref name="SM Frequencies CN" /><ref name="CT CN 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="CT_CU CN" />
		China Unicom	Template:Partial2	GSM	Template:Fontcolour<ref name="SM Frequencies CN" /><ref name="CU CN 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="CU CN 2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="CT_CU CN">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="CU CN 3">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Country		Entel	Template:Partial2	GSM	Template:Fontcolour<ref name="Entel CL">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Claro	2023-02-23	GSM	<ref name="Claro CO 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Claro CO 2">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Tigo	2022-11-01	GSM	<ref name="Tigo CO">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM
		FLOW	2024-02-29	GSM	<ref name="FLOW CW 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="FLOW CW 2">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	partially unconfirmed	Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM
		FLOW	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="FLOW DM">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Bouygues	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="BYG FR">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Orange	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown Europe" />
		SFR	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="SFR FR">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Deutsche Telekom	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		Vodafone	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="VF DE 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name ="VF DE 2">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Telefónica (O2)	Template:Partial2	GSM
Template:Flag	unconfirmed	Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM
		FLOW	Template:Partial2	GSM
Template:Flag	unconfirmed	GTA Teleguam	Template:Partial2	GSM
Template:Flag		3	2008-11-20	cdmaOne	Shut down due to license expiry. Government originally did not allow the license to be renewed due to unpopularity, however the government later reversed the decision and held an auction for CDMA2000 service, which PCCW-HKT won the auction and provided CDMA2000 service immediately after 3's license expiry.
		3	2021-09-30	GSM	<ref name="3 HK">Template:Cite web</ref>
		CMHK	Template:Fontcolour	GSM
		CSL	2005	D-AMPS	Service previously provided by Pacific Link, which subsequently merged into CSL. Shut down due to license expiry. Government did not allow the license to be renewed due to unpopularity.
		CSL	2017-10-31	cdmaOne	Service previously provided by PCCW. After acquisition of CSL by HKT, its mobile business PCCW Mobile was merged into CSL. No service for local customers, only served incoming roaming tourists. CSL terminated its CDMA family business upon its licence expiry, and CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated along with cdmaOne.<ref name="CSL CDMA HK">Template:Cite web</ref>
		CSL	2024-11-08	GSM	<ref name="CSL HK">Template:Cite web</ref>
		SmarTone	2022-10-14	GSM	<ref name="SmarTone HK">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Nova	2025-01-28	GSM	<ref name="Nova IS">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Síminn	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="Siminn IS">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Sýn	2025-06-01	GSM	<ref name="Syn IS">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Hot Mobile	2019-12-31	iDEN	<ref name="iDEN IL">Template:Cite web</ref>
			Template:Partial2	GSM	Per government statement.<ref name="2G Shutdown IL">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	Digicel	2024-08-31	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="FLOW JM 2" />
		FLOW	2024-04-15	GSM	<ref name="FLOW JM 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="FLOW JM 2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="FLOW JM 3">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	au KDDI	2012-07-22	cdmaOne	<ref name="KDDI JP">Template:Cite web</ref>
		NTT Docomo	2012-03-31	PDC	<ref name="NTT JP">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Softbank	2010-03-31	PDC	<ref name="Softbank JP">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Umniah	2021-03-11	GSM	<ref name="Umniah JO">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Orange	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown Europe" />
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	CTM	2019-08-01	GSM	Service for local customers terminated on 4 Jun 2015, but remained for roaming users.<ref name="MO 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="MO 2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="MO 3">Template:Cite web</ref>
		3	2019-08-01	GSM	Service for local customers terminated on 4 Jun 2015, but remained for roaming users.<ref name="MO 1" /><ref name="MO 2" />
		SmarTone	2019-08-01	GSM	Service for local customers terminated on 4 Jun 2015, but remained for roaming users.<ref name="MO 1" /><ref name="MO 2" />
Template:Flag		AT&T	2019-09-01	GSM	<ref name="AT&T MX">Template:Cite web</ref> Local shutdown commenced in Q1 2019.
		Movistar	2021-01-01	GSM	<ref name="MS MX">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	unconfirmed	Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM
		FLOW	Template:Partial2	GSM
Template:Flag		KPN	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		T-Mobile	2021-06-01 / 2023-11-15 (IoT)	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		OPT-NC	Template:Partial2	GSM	Template:Fontcolour<ref name="OPT NC">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		2degrees	2018-03-15	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		Spark	2012-07-31	cdmaOne	<ref name="Spark NZ 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Spark NZ 2">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Telenor	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="2G SWO NO">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Telia	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="2G SWO NO" />
Template:Flag		Digicel	2022-06-30	GSM	Complete shutdown of operations and market exit.<ref name="Digicel PA 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Digicel PA 2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Digicel PA 3">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Digicel PA 4">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Bitel	N/A	Template:Fontcolour
Template:Flag		Orange	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown Europe" />
Template:Flag		Orange	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown Europe" />
Template:Flag		Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM
		FLOW	2024-04-22	GSM	<ref name="FLOW KN">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	partially unconfirmed	Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM
		FLOW	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="FLOW LC">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM
		FLOW	2023-09-30	GSM	<ref name="FLOW VC 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="FLOW VC 2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="FLOW VC 3">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="FLOW VC 4">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		stc	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="2G stc SA">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	M1	2017-04-18	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown SG">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Singtel	2017-04-18	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown SG" />
		StarHub	2017-04-18	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown SG" />
Template:Flag Template:Flag Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	TelCell	2019-01-01	GSM	<ref name="TelCell SX">Template:Cite web</ref>
		FLOW (UTS)	2017-09-26	GSM	<ref name="UTS SX">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Orange	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown Europe" />
Template:Flag			Template:Partial2	GSM	Per government statement.<ref name="2G Shutdown SA">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="2G_3G Shutdown SA 2">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	KT	2012-03-19	cdmaOne	CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rel. 0 (3G) service has also terminated.<ref name="KT SK">Template:Cite web</ref>
		LG Uplus	2021-06-30	cdmaOne	CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A/B (3G) service has also terminated.<ref name="LGU+ SK">Template:Cite web</ref>
		SK Telecom	2020-07-27	cdmaOne	CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rel. 0 (3G) service has also terminated.<ref name="SKT JP">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Orange	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown Europe" />
Template:Flag		Net4Mobility (Telenor/Tele2)	Template:Partial2	GSM	2G network will be shut down by the end of 2025.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		Telia	Template:Partial2	GSM	Shutdown pushed back from 2025 to 2027.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	Salt	2020-12-31	GSM	Shutdown commenced on 1 Jul 2020. A few single 2G-only sites remained until Sep 2023 to preserve CSFB functionality.<ref name="Salt CH 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Salt CH 2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Salt CH 3">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Sunrise	2023-01-03	GSM	With the introduction of S-RAN in 2018 phaseout was previously postponed to 2022.<ref name="Sunrise CH 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Sunrise CH 02">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Sunrise CH 3">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Swisscom	2021-04-07	GSM	Official shutdown on 31 Dec 2020 (guaranteed availability).<ref name="SC CH 01">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="SC CH 02">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="SC CH 03">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	Chunghwa Telecom	2017-06-30	GSM	<ref name="TW">Template:Cite web</ref>
		FarEasTone	2017-06-30	GSM	<ref name="TW" />
		Taiwan Mobile	2017-06-30	GSM	<ref name="TW" />
Template:Flag		Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="Digicel TT 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Digicel TT 2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Digicel TT 3">Template:Cite web</ref>
		bmobile (TSTT)	Template:Partial2	GSM	850 MHz: 2.5 MHz GSM + 5 MHz UMTS <ref name="SM Frequencies TT">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="bmobile TT">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Digicel	Template:Partial2	GSM	900 MHz: 9.8 MHz GSM <ref name="SM Frequencies TC">Template:Cite web</ref>
		FLOW	2024-04-22	GSM	<ref name="FLOW TC">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	Du	2023-12-31	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		Etisalat	2023-12-31	GSM	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag			Template:Partial2	GSM	Per government statement on confirmation by mobile providers.<ref name="2G Shutdown UK">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Ofcom UK">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Gov UK">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag Template:Flag Template:Flag		AT&T	2008-02-18	D-AMPS	TDMA (D-AMPS) on 1900 MHz shut down on 15 July 2007.<ref name="AT&T D-AMPS US">Template:Cite web</ref>
			2017-01-01	GSM	<ref name="AT&T US">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Cellcom (US only)	2023-12-01	cdmaOne	CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<ref name="Cellcom US">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Claro (PR only)	Template:Partial2	GSM
		Commnet Wireless (Choice) (US only)	2022-12-31	cdmaOne	CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		Copper Valley Wireless	2022-09-30	cdmaOne	CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		Edge Wireless	2007-06-30	D-AMPS	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		Inland Cellular	2025-09-03	cdmaOne	CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
		T-Mobile	Template:Partial2	GSM	Template:Fontcolor<ref name="TMUS US 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="TMUS US 2">Template:Cite web</ref>
		T-Mobile (Sprint)	2022-05-31	cdmaOne	CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated. Shutdown commenced on 31 Mar 2022.<ref name="TM CDMA Shutdown US 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="TM Shutdown Timeline 2G_3G US">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="TM CDMA Shutdown US 2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="TM CDMA Shutdown US 3">Template:Cite web</ref>
		UScellular (US only)	2009-02	D-AMPS	<ref name="USC DAMPS US">Template:Cite web</ref>
		UScellular (US only)	2024-01-14	cdmaOne	CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<ref name="USC US 1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="USC US 2">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Verizon (US only)	2022-12-31	cdmaOne	CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<ref name="Verizon US">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		Digitel	2024-03-08	GSM	Shutdown commenced in May 2021.<ref name="2G Shutdown VE">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Digitel VE">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Movilnet	Template:Partial2	GSM	<ref name="2G Shutdown VE" />
		Movistar	Template:Partial2	GSM	Template:Fontcolour<ref name="2G Shutdown VE" />
Template:Flag	Template:Fontcolour	Gmobile	2024-10-16	GSM	per government regulation<ref name="2G Shutdown VN">Template:Cite web</ref>
		Mobifone	2024-10-16	GSM	per government regulation<ref name="2G Shutdown VN" />
		Vietnamobile	N/A	Template:Fontcolour
		Viettel	2024-10-16	GSM	per government regulation<ref name="2G Shutdown VN" />
		Vinaphone	2024-10-16	GSM	per government regulation<ref name="2G Shutdown VN" />

See also

• Cliff effect
• Dropout
• List of mobile phone generations
• Mobile radio telephone, also known as 0G
• 1G
• 3G
• 4G
• 5G
• 6G
• Wireless device radiation and health