.br
Template:Short description Template:Confused Template:Expand Portuguese Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Top level domain
.br is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Brazil. It was administered by the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee until 2005 when it started being administered by Brazilian Network Information Center. A local contact is required for any registration. Registrations of domain names with Portuguese characters are also accepted.
With the exception of universities, the second-level domain is fixed and selected from a list that defines the category. For example, Template:Mono is in the art (music, folklore etc.) category, and Template:Mono is in the non-governmental organization category. Institutions of tertiary education were allowed to use the ccSLD Template:Mono, although some use Template:Mono and others (mainly public universities) use Template:Mono. There are also some other few exceptions that were allowed to use the second level domain until the end of 2000. As of April 2010, most domain registrations ignore categories and register in the Template:Mono domain, which has over 90% of all registered domains. The Template:Mono (Judiciary), and Template:Mono (banks) domains have mandatory DNSSEC use.
History
Created and delegated to Brazil in 1989<ref>IANA - Informações sobre a delegação do .br</ref> by Jon Postel,<ref>NIC.br - CGI.br comemora os 20 anos do ".br"</ref> initially the domain was operated manually by Registro.br and administered by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). Originally, only researchers and institutions to which they belonged had the interest and ability to adopt the new system and register domains under .br.
At the time, networks prevalent in the Brazilian academic setting were the BITNET ("Because It's Time NETwork"), the HEPnet ("High Energy Physics Network") and the UUCP ("Unix-to-Unix Copy Program"). As such, even before Brazil officially connected to the Internet in 1991, the .br domain was used to identify the machines participating in networks already in use by academics.
In 1995 the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee (Template:Langx, or simply CGI.br) was created with an objective to coordinate the allocation of Internet addresses (IPs) and the registration of .br domain names. There were 851 domains registered with the Brazilian DNS by the beginning of 1996, thereafter experiencing rapid growth with the mass arrival of companies, Internet providers and media onto the Internet. The registration system was automated in 1997 and was developed using open source software.
In 2005, CGI.br created its own executive arm, the Brazilian Network Information Center (Template:Langx, or simply NIC.br),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> which currently serves in both administrative and operational capacity for the registry.
In 2017, accounts associated with DNS records of Brazilian banks were hacked. Kaspersky's researchers pointed out to a vulnerability in NIC.br's website and suggested its infrastructure had been compromised. NIC's director at the time, Frederico Neves, denied that NIC.br was "hacked", although NIC.br admitted the vulnerability.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Domain registry
To register any domains under .br, it is necessary to enter into contact with Registro.br. Entities legally established in Brazil as a company ("pessoa jurídica") or a physical person ("profissional liberal" and "pessoas físicas") that has a contact within Brazil can register domains.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Foreign companies that have a power-of-attorney legally established in Brazil can also do it by following specific rules.
The registration of domains including non-ASCII Portuguese characters (à, á, â, ã, é, ê, í, ó, ô, õ, ú, ü and ç) is accepted since 2005.<ref name="Registro.br - Tips and Rules">Registro.br - Tips and Rules</ref>
Syntactic rules for .br domains
- Minimum of 2 and maximum of 26 characters, not including the category. For example, in the field XXXX.COM.BR, this limitation relates to the XXXX.
- Valid characters are [A-Z, 0-9], the hyphen, and the following accented characters: à, á, â, ã, é, ê, í, ó, ô, õ, ú, ü, ç.<ref name="Registro.br - Tips and Rules"/>
- Domains cannot contain only numbers.
- To maintain the integrity of the registry, Registro.br sets up an equivalence mapping to compare domain names with and without accented characters. The mapping is done by converting accented characters and the cedilla for their non-accented versions and "c", respectively, and discards hyphens. A new domain will only be allowed to be registered when there is no equivalent to a pre-existing domain, or when the applicant is the same entity that owns the domain equivalent.
- Specifically for the domain .NOM.BR, it is necessary to choose two names, i.e.: NAME1.NAME2.NOM.BR.
Second-level domains
Direct registration
In 1991, it was decided that universities and research institutes would be allowed second-level .br domains directly. For example: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro got ufrj.br; University of São Paulo got usp.br; National Institute for Space Research got inpe.br; and so on.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
In late 2000, the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee reported abuse in this system, and called for all institutions directly under .br to be moved to .edu.br – so, for example, ufrj.br would become ufrj.edu.br. During a meeting in early 2001, however, the Committee decided it would be of public interest to not move every second-level domain as to avoid confusion, but instead established rules regarding their registration:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- No longer accepting automatic registration of second-level domains, and evaluating every request for one individually;
- Creating edu.br, and forwarding requests from education and research institutions to it;
- Concession to education and research institutes that already had a second-level .br domain, as long as its usage is appropriate and that domain name is related to the institution's name or acronym. Domains approved are automatically duplicated under edu.br as well, and both may exist concurrently – for example, the still existing ufrj.br also has a registered ufrj.edu.br, although the latter is not used;
- Other institutions not approved above must be migrated permanently to edu.br (but would be given sufficient time for the transition).
As of September 2024, Registro.br reports 1207 domains registered directly under .br.<ref name="estatisticas" />
Predefined domains
As of August 2025, there are 147 different second-level domains of .br under which custom domains can be registered, and they are divided into eleven categories: "Generic", "Business", "Culture", "Education", "Personals", "Entertainment", "Public Authority", "Locations", "Professions", "Technology" and "Third Sector".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> They are the following:
| "Generic" second-level .br domains | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Intended use |
| COM.br | Commercial activities |
| NET.br | Commercial activities |
| SOCIAL.br | Social networks |
| XYZ.br | Miscellaneous |
| WIKI.br | Wiki-like pages |
| ETC.br | Companies that do not fit into other categories |
| "Culture" second-level .br domains | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Intended use |
| ART.br | Arts: music, painting, folklore |
| REC.br | Recreational activities, games |
| TV.br | Broadcasting companies or "transmission of sounds and images via the Internet" |
| AM.br | Radio companies |
| FM.br | Radio companies |
| RADIO.br | "Companies wishing to transmit audio through the network" |
| "Business" second-level .br domains | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Intended use |
| ECO.br | Eco- or environment focused activities |
| LOG.br | Transport and logistics |
| EMP.br | Small and micro-enterprises |
| LEILAO.br | AuctioneersTemplate:Efn |
| AGR.br | Agriculture- or farm-related companies |
| FAR.br | Pharmacies and drugstores |
| IMB.br | Real estate agencies |
| IND.br | Industries |
| INF.br | Media and information (radios, newspapers, libraries, ...) |
| SRV.br | Work for hire |
| TMP.br | Temporary events, such as fairs and expos |
| TUR.br | Tourism-related companies |
| PSI.br | Internet service providers |
| B.br | BanksTemplate:Efn |
| "Education" second-level .br domains | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Intended use |
| EDU.br | Higher education institutions |
| G12.br | Primary or secondary schools (K–12 equivalent) |
| "Personals" second-level .br domains | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Intended use |
| BLOG.br | Web logs |
| NOM.br | Natural persons |
| "Entertainment" second-level .br domains | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Intended use |
| BET.br | Online gamblingTemplate:Efn |
| FLOG.br | Photo logs |
| QSL.br | Amateur radio operators |
| VLOG.br | Video logs |
| ESP.br | Sport in general |
| "Public Authority" second-level .br domains | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Intended use |
| GOV.br | Federal government institutions |
| MIL.br | Brazilian Armed Forces |
| DEF.br | Public defendersTemplate:Efn |
| JUS.br | Judiciary institutionsTemplate:Efn |
| LEG.br | Legislative institutionsTemplate:Efn |
| MP.br | Public Ministry institutionsTemplate:Efn |
| TC.br | Tribunal de Contas da UniãoTemplate:Efn |
| "Locations" second-level .br domains | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Intended use |
| 9GUACU.br | Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro |
| ABC.br | ABC Region, São Paulo |
| AJU.br | Aracaju, Sergipe |
| ANANI.br | Ananindeua, Pará |
| APARECIDA.br | Aparecida, São Paulo |
| BARUERI.br | Barueri, São Paulo |
| BELEM.br | Belém, Pará |
| BHZ.br | Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais |
| BOAVISTA.br | Boa Vista, Roraima |
| BSB.br | Brasília, Federal District |
| CAMPINAGRANDE.br | Campina Grande, Paraíba |
| CAMPINAS.br | Campinas, São Paulo |
| CAXIAS.br | Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| CONTAGEM.br | Contagem, Minas Gerais |
| CUIABA.br | Cuiabá, Mato Grosso |
| CURITIBA.br | Curitiba, Paraná |
| FEIRA.br | Feira de Santana, Bahia |
| FLORIPA.br | Florianópolis, Santa Catarina |
| FORTAL.br | Fortaleza, Ceará |
| FOZ.br | Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná |
| GOIANIA.br | Goiânia, Goiás |
| GRU.br | Guarulhos, São Paulo |
| JAB.br | Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco |
| JAMPA.br | João Pessoa, Paraíba |
| JDF.br | Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais |
| JOINVILLE.br | Joinville, Santa Catarina |
| LONDRINA.br | Londrina, Paraná |
| MACAPA.br | Macapá, Amapá |
| MACEIO.br | Maceió, Alagoas |
| MANAUS.br | Manaus, Amazonas |
| MARINGA.br | Maringá, Paraná |
| MORENA.br | Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul |
| NATAL.br | Natal, Rio Grande do Norte |
| NITEROI.br | Niterói, Rio de Janeiro |
| OSASCO.br | Osasco, São Paulo |
| PALMAS.br | Palmas, Tocantins |
| POA.br | Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul |
| PVH.br | Porto Velho, Rondônia |
| RECIFE.br | Recife, Pernambuco |
| RIBEIRAO.br | Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| RIO.br | Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro |
| RIOBRANCO.br | Rio Branco, Acre |
| RIOPRETO.br | São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo |
| SALVADOR.br | Salvador, Bahia |
| SAMPA.br | São Paulo, São Paulo |
| SANTAMARIA.br | Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul |
| SANTOANDRE.br | Santo André, São Paulo |
| SAOBERNARDO.br | São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo |
| SAOGONCA.br | São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro |
| SJC.br | São José dos Campos, São Paulo |
| SLZ.br | São Luís, Maranhão |
| SOROCABA.br | Sorocaba, São Paulo |
| THE.br | Teresina, Piauí |
| UDI.br | Uberlândia, Minas Gerais |
| VIX.br | Vitória, Espírito Santo |
| "Professionals" second-level .br domains | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Intended use |
| ADM.br | Administrators |
| ADV.br | Lawyers |
| ARQ.br | Architecture |
| ATO.br | Actors |
| BIB.br | Librarians and library scientists |
| BIO.br | Biologists |
| BMD.br | Biomedical scientists |
| CIM.br | Realtors |
| CNG.br | Scenographers |
| CNT.br | Accountants |
| COZ.br | Gastronomists |
| DES.br | Designers and illustrators |
| DET.br | Detectives and private investigator |
| ECN.br | Economists |
| ENF.br | Nurses |
| ENG.br | Engineers |
| ETI.br | IT professionals |
| FND.br | Speech–language pathologist |
| FOT.br | Photographers |
| FST.br | Physical therapistss |
| GEO.br | Geologists |
| GGF.br | Geography professionals |
| JOR.br | Journalists |
| LEL.br | Auctioneers |
| MAT.br | Mathematicians and statisticians |
| MED.br | Medical doctors |
| MUS.br | Musicians |
| NOT.br | Notaries |
| NTR.br | Nutritionists |
| ODO.br | Dentists |
| PPG.br | Publicists and marketeers |
| PRO.br | Teachers and professors |
| PSC.br | Psychologists |
| REP.br | Commercial representatives |
| SLG.br | Sociologists |
| TAXI.br | Taxi drivers |
| TEO.br | Theologists |
| TRD.br | Translators |
| VET.br | Veterinarians |
| ZLG.br | Zoologists |
| "Technology" second-level .br domains | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Intended use |
| API.br | Application interfaces |
| APP.br | Apps |
| DEV.br | Developers and development platforms |
| IA.br | Artificial intelligence |
| SEG.br | Security |
| TEC.br | Technology |
| "Third Sector" second-level .br domains | |
|---|---|
| Domain | Intended use |
| COOP.br | Cooperatives |
| ONG.br | Non-governmental organizations |
| ORG.br | Not-for-profit non-governmental organizations |
Special second-level domains
From 2000 until 2009, during election cycles, electoral candidates could register domains under CAN.br, with the format [name][number].can.br – where the name is the registered candidate name, and the number is the identification number for that candidate in the election (related to the party's identification number).<ref name="nic-can.br">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The second-level domain was in a category of its own, called "natural persons, special".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
As an example, during the 2004 elections for mayor of Aracaju:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Marcelo Déda had the website deda13.can.br (his surname and Worker's Party's identification number, 13);
- Susana Azevedo had the website susana23.can.br (her first name and Cidadania's identification number, 23);
- Jorge Alberto had the website jorgealberto15.can.br (his name and MDB's identification number, 15).
Domains were free for registered candidates. Additionally, domains were automatically cancelled at the end of the first round if the candidate lost, and remaining ones were cancelled after the end of the second round.<ref name="nic-can.br" />
No new .can.br domains have been registered since 2009.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Online gambling
In late 2024, legislation regulating online gambling in Brazil – usually referred to simply as "bets" in the country – was passed. Among the stipulations was that, from January 2025 onward, such companies must operate under a BET.br domain.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By definition, any online gambling websites not operating under a .bet.br domain are operating illegally.
Agencies
There are multiple agencies registered directly under .br, as second-level domains, that are not higher education or research institutions. The following list might not be exhaustive:
| Domain | Domain meaning | Description |
|---|---|---|
| CGI.br | Acronym for "Comitê Gestor da Internet" (Template:Lit) | The Committee establishes strategic directives related to the use and development of the internet in Brazil, directives for the registration of domain names, IP allocation and administration regarding the .br TLD |
| NIC.br | Acronym for Network Information Center | Created to implement decisions and projects of the Committee (CGI.br) |
| IX.br PTT.br (old) |
IX: Acronym for Internet eXchange PTT: Acronym for "Ponto de Troca de Tráfego" (Template:Lit) |
Handles the internet exchange point system of Brazil |
| REGISTRO.br | Portuguese for "registration" | .br registry |
| CETIC.br | Acronym for "CEntro de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação" (Template:Lit) | Officially called "Centro Regional de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento da Sociedade da Informação", it monitors the adoption of information and communications technology in Brazil |
| CEPTRO.br | Acronym for "Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Tecnologia de Redes e Operações" (Template:Lit) | Responsible for initiatives and projects that support or perfect the internet infrastructure in Brazil |
| CERT.br | Acronym for Computer Emergency Response Team | Has the mission to increase the security levels and incident handling capabilities regarding networks connected to Brazil's internet |
| CEWEB.br | Acronym for "Centro de Estudos sobre Tecnologias Web" (Template:Lit) | Has the mission to enable the participation of the Brazilian community in the global development of the web |
| W3C.br | W3C | Brazilian branch of the World Wide Web Consortium |
| NTP.br | Acronym for Network Time Protocol | Provides the legal, standard time for Brazil |
| IPV6.br | IPv6 | Promote and disseminate IPv6 usage in Brazil |
| ANTISPAM.br | Anti-spam | Has the mission to inform users and network administrators about spam, its implications and forms of protection and combat |
| INTERNETSEGURA.br | Portuguese for "Safe Internet" | Has the mission to incentivize the safe use of the internet |
| ZAPPIENS.br | Named after Portugal's now defunct Zappiens.pt, managed by the FCCN | Has the mission to be a free service for the aggregation and distribution of audiovisual scientific, educational, artistic and cultural content in Portuguese |
Most of these agencies are subsidiaries of CGI.br and, as such, they follow a similar corporate identity. The "logos" are combinations of the names of the agencies with the logo for .br, all of which are simply typed out with Brandon Schoech (Tepid Monkey)'s freeware font "Qhytsdakx":
-
Logo for .br, a slightly modified "br" in green
-
Logo for CGI.br
-
Logo for NIC.br
-
Logo for IX.br
-
Logo for Registro.br
-
Logo for IPv6.br
Networks
There are multiple networks registered directly under .br, usually of academic nature. Again, this list may not be exhaustive:
| Domain | Domain meaning | Description |
|---|---|---|
| RNP.br RNP2.br |
Acronym for "Rede Nacional de ensino e Pesquisa" (Template:Lit) | An academic backbone of Brazilian internet |
| RCT-SC.br | Acronym for "Rede Catarinense de Ciência e Tecnologia" (Template:Lit) | Academic network for the state of Santa Catarina |
| REDERIO.br | "Rede Rio" (Template:Lit) | Academic network for the state of Rio de Janeiro |
| REDNESP.br ANSP.br (old) |
Acronym for "Research and EDucation NEtwork at São Paulo" | Academic network for the state of São Paulo |
| TCHE.br | "Rede Tchê" (Template:Lit), named after the interjection common in the South of Brazil, tchê | Academic network for the South Region of Brazil |
Usage statistics
As of September 2024, .BR is the 9th most used TLD in the world and the 6th most used ccTLD, accounting for approximately 1.5% of all domain names.<ref name="netmeister-tldstats">Template:Cite web</ref> It is also the most used Portuguese language TLD.Template:Efn
As of 9 September 2024, Registro.br's statistics page reported the following:<ref name="estatisticas" />
- Template:Val total domains registered under .BR;
- Template:Val (Template:Pct) domains using DNSSEC.
| Category | Total domain count | Most registered | Least registered |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generic | Template:Val (Template:Pct) | COM.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) | WIKI.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) |
| Business | Template:Val (Template:Pct) | IND.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) | TMP.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) |
| Culture | Template:Val (Template:Pct) | ART.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) | AM.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) |
| Education | Template:Val (Template:Pct) | EDU.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) | G12.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) |
| Personals | Template:Val (Template:Pct) | BLOG.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) | NOM.BR (Template:Val each, or Template:Pct of the total) |
| Entertainment | Template:Val (Template:Pct) | ESP.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) | QSL.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) |
| Public Authority | Template:Val (Template:Pct) | GOV.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) | DEF.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) |
| Locations | Template:Val (Template:Pct) | RIO.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) | SAOGONCA.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) |
| Professions | Template:Val (Template:Pct) | ADV.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) | ZLG.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) |
| Technology | Template:Val (Template:Pct) | APP.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) | SEG.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) |
| Third Sector | Template:Val (Template:Pct) | ORG.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) | COOP.BR (Template:Val, or Template:Pct of the total) |
The "Education" category also includes Template:Val (Template:Pct of the total) custom second-level domains registered directly under .BR – for example, the National Observatory at ON.BR.
See also
Notes
References
External links
- IANA .br whois information
- Registro.br : Brazil's official registry administrator
- Second-level domain statistics for .br
- TepidMonkey's archived website (source of the font used in the logos, "Qhytsdakx")
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