Aileen Wuornos

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Template:Short description Template:Pp-pc Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox criminal Aileen Carol Wuornos (Template:IPAc-en) (Template:Nee Pittman; February 29, 1956 – October 9, 2002) was an American serial killer. Between 1989 and 1990, while engaging in street prostitution along highways in Florida, Wuornos shot, killed, and robbed seven of her male clients. She claimed that her victims had either raped or attempted to rape her, and that the homicides were committed in self-defense. Wuornos was sentenced to death for six of the murders and was executed in 2002 after spending more than ten years on Florida's death row.

In the feature film Monster (2003), Wuornos' story is described from her first murder until her execution; for her portrayal of Wuornos, Charlize Theron won the Academy Award for Best Actress.

Early life

Aileen Carol Pittman was born on February 29, 1956,<ref name="clarkprosecutor" /> in Rochester, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Her mother, Diane Wuornos, was aged 14 when she was married to Aileen's father, 18-year-old Leo Pittman, on June 3, 1954.<ref name=DeadEnds>Template:Cite book</ref> On March 14, 1955, Diane gave birth to Aileen's older brother Keith.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> After less than two years of marriage, and two months before Aileen was born, Diane filed for divorce.<ref name=diforceofmother>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Sfn She gave birth to Aileen at the age of 16.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Wuornos never met her father.Template:Sfn In 1967, Leo Pittman was sentenced to life imprisonment for kidnapping and raping a seven-year-old girl.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Myers" /> Pittman, diagnosed with schizophrenia, committed suicide by hanging in prison on January 30, 1969.<ref name="clarkprosecutor" /><ref name="Howard">Template:Cite book</ref> In January 1960, when Wuornos was almost four years old, Diane abandoned her children, leaving them with their maternal grandparents, Lauri and Britta Wuornos, who legally adopted Keith and Aileen on March 18, 1960.<ref name="Howard" /><ref name="Biography">Template:Cite web</ref> Both grandparents were alcoholics.<ref name="CrimeAndInvest" />

Wuornos said that her grandfather had sexually assaulted and beaten her when she was a child. Before beating her, he would force her to strip out of her clothes.<ref name="Silvio">Template:Cite journal</ref> By age 11, Wuornos began engaging in sexual activity at school in exchange for cigarettes, drugs, and food.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> She had also engaged in sexual activity with her brother.<ref name=Clary /> In 1970, at age 14, she became pregnant<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> after being raped by a friend of her grandfather.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Wuornos' friends have claimed that the identity of the rapist who impregnated her was an older local pedophile in his 60s.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Wuornos gave birth to a boy at a home for unwed mothers on March 23, 1971, and her grandfather forced her to give up the child for adoption.<ref name="Howard" /><ref name=":1" />Template:Sfn A few months after her son was born, she dropped out of school<ref name="Silvio" /> at about the same time that her grandmother died of liver failure. When Wuornos was aged 15, her grandfather threw her out of the house. Living in the woods near her old home, Wuornos supported herself through prostitution.<ref name="Howard" />

Early criminal activity

On May 27, 1974, at age 18, Wuornos was arrested in Jefferson County, Colorado, for driving under the influence (DUI), disorderly conduct, and firing a .22-caliber pistol from a moving vehicle. She was later charged with failure to appear.Template:Sfn

In 1976, Wuornos hitchhiked to Florida, where she met 69-year-old yacht club president Lewis Gratz Fell. They married quickly, and the announcement of their nuptials was printed in the local newspaper's society pages. Wuornos continually involved herself in confrontations at their local bar and went to jail briefly for assault. She also hit Fell with his own cane, leading him to gain a restraining order against her within weeks of the marriage. She returned to MichiganTemplate:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> where, on July 14, 1976, she was arrested at Bernie's Club<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> in Mancelona, Antrim County and charged with assault and disturbing the peace for throwing a cue ball at a bartender's head.Template:Sfn

On July 17, her brother Keith died of esophageal cancer and Wuornos received $10,000 from his life insurance. Wuornos and Fell annulled their marriage on July 21 after only nine weeks.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In August 1976, Wuornos was given a $105 fine for drunk driving. She used the money inherited from her brother to pay the fine and spent the rest within two months buying luxuries including a new car, which she wrecked shortly afterwards.<ref name="CrimeAndInvest">Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1978, at age 22, she attempted suicide by shooting herself in the stomach.<ref name="Myers" /> Between ages 14 and 22, she attempted suicide six times.<ref name="Myers" /> On May 20, 1981, Wuornos was arrested in Edgewater, Florida, for the armed robbery of a convenience store, where she stole $35 and two packs of cigarettes. She was sentenced to prison on May 4, 1982, and released on June 30, 1983.Template:Sfn On May 1, 1984, Wuornos was arrested for attempting to pass forged checks at a bank in Key West. On November 30, 1985, she was named as a suspect in the theft of a revolver and ammunition in Pasco County.Template:Sfn

On January 4, 1986, Wuornos was arrested in Miami and charged with car theft, resisting arrest, and obstruction of justice for providing identification bearing her aunt's name. Miami police officers found a .38 caliber revolver and a box of ammunition in the stolen car.Template:Sfn On June 2, 1986, Volusia County deputy sheriffs detained Wuornos for questioning after a male companion accused her of pulling a gun in his car and demanding $200. Wuornos was found to be carrying spare ammunition, and police discovered a .22-caliber pistol under the passenger seat she had occupied.Template:Sfn

In 1986, 30-year-old Wuornos<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> met 24-year-old Tyria Moore, a motel maid,Template:Sfn at a Daytona Beach gay bar called Zodiac.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> They moved in together, and Wuornos supported them with her earnings as a prostitute.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> On July 4, 1987, Daytona Beach police detained Wuornos and Moore at a bar for questioning regarding an incident in which they were accused of assault and battery with a beer bottle.Template:Sfn

On March 12, 1988, Wuornos accused a Daytona Beach bus driver of assault. She claimed that he pushed her off the bus following a confrontation. Moore was listed as a witness to the incident.Template:Sfn Later, at her trial, Wuornos stated, "It was love beyond imaginable. Earthly words cannot describe how I felt about Tyria."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Before her execution, Wuornos claimed to still be in love with Moore.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Series of murders

Wuornos murdered seven men within 12 months. All the men were motorists between ages 40 and 65.

  • Richard Charles Mallory, age 51, electronics store owner in Clearwater (date of murder: November 30, 1989). Wuornos claimed that Mallory beat, raped, and sodomized her<ref name="apnews">Template:Cite web</ref> after he drove her to an abandoned area for sexual services. Mallory was Wuornos' first victim and she claimed to have killed him in self-defense. Later, it became known that Mallory had previously been convicted of attempted rape in Maryland. Wuornos made no mention of this until she stood trial, and Moore never claimed she mentioned it to her.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Two days after the murder, a Volusia County deputy sheriff found Mallory's abandoned vehicle. On December 13, his body was found several miles away in a wooded area; he had been shot several times, and two bullets to the left lung were found to have been the cause of death.<ref name="clarkprosecutor">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • David Andrew Spears, age 47, construction worker in Winter Garden. He was declared missing as of May 19, 1990.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On June 1, 1990, his naked body was found along US 19 in Citrus County. He had been shot six times with a .22 pistol.<ref name="clarkprosecutor" />
  • Charles Edmund Carskaddon, age 40, part-time rodeo worker (date of murder: May 31, 1990). On June 6, 1990, his naked body was found in Pasco County.<ref name="clarkprosecutor" /> He had been shot nine times with a .22 caliber weapon. The body had been wrapped in an electric blanket and was badly decomposing when found. Witnesses saw Wuornos in possession of Carskaddon's car, and Wuornos had also pawned a gun identified as belonging to Carskaddon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Peter Abraham Siems, age 65, retired merchant seaman. In June 1990, Siems left Jupiter, Florida, for Arkansas. On July 4, 1990, his car was found in Orange Springs, Florida. Moore and Wuornos were seen abandoning the car, and Wuornos' handprint was found on the interior door handle. His body was never found.<ref name="clarkprosecutor" />
  • Troy Eugene Burress, age 50, sausage salesman from Ocala, Florida. On July 31, 1990, he was reported missing. On August 4, 1990, his body was found in a wooded area along State Road 19 in Marion County. He had been shot twice.<ref name="clarkprosecutor" />
  • Charles Richard "Dick" Humphreys, age 56, retired United States Air Force major, former state child abuse investigator, and former chief of police (date of murder: September 11, 1990). On September 12, 1990, his body was found in Marion County. He was fully clothed and had been shot seven times in the head and torso. His car was found in Suwannee County.<ref name="clarkprosecutor" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Walter Gino Antonio, age 61, trucker, security guard, and reserve police officer. On November 19, 1990, Antonio's nearly naked body was found near a remote logging road in Dixie County. He had been shot four times. Five days later, his car was found in Brevard County.<ref name="clarkprosecutor" />

Arrest and trial

On July 4, 1990, Wuornos and Moore abandoned victim Peter Siems' car after they were involved in a crash. Rhonda Bailey, who witnessed the crash, provided police with a description of two women,Template:Sfn which later led to a media campaign to locate them.Template:Sfn Police also found some of the victims' belongings in pawnshops.Template:Sfn Wuornos' fingerprint that was found on a receipt at one of the pawnshops matched the print that was left in Siems' car.Template:Sfn Wuornos had a criminal record in Florida, and samples of her prints were in a database.Template:Sfn<ref name="Howard"/>

The Last Resort bar in Volusia County, where Wuornos was arrested

On January 9, 1991, Wuornos was arrested at The Last Resort biker bar in Volusia County. According to The New York Times, the arrest was made on the basis of an outstanding warrant for carrying a concealed weapon, although by this point, authorities already came to regard her as a suspect in the murders, based on witnesses' testimony, and fingerprints found on an item found in pawn shop that had belonged to one of the murdered men.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The warrant had been issued in the name of Lori Grody.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Police located Moore the next day in Pittston, Pennsylvania.Template:Sfn She agreed to elicit a confession from Wuornos in exchange for immunity from prosecution. Moore returned with the police to Florida, where she was put up in a motel. Under police guidance, she made numerous telephone calls to Wuornos, pleading for help in clearing her name.Template:Sfn Three days later, on January 16, 1991, Wuornos confessed to the murders. She claimed the men had tried to rape her and she killed them in self-defense.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=timeline>Template:Cite news</ref> In November 1991, Wuornos was legally adopted by 44-year-old Arlene Pralle, with whom Wuornos had no previous contact or relation, after Pralle saw Wuornos's photo in a newspaper.<ref name=Clary>Template:Cite news</ref>

On January 14, 1992, Wuornos went to trial for the murder of Richard Charles Mallory. Although previous convictions are normally inadmissible in criminal trials, under Florida's Williams Rule, the prosecution was allowed to introduce evidence related to her other crimes to show a pattern of illegal activity. On January 27, 1992, Wuornos was convicted of Mallory's murder with help from Moore's testimony. At her sentencing, psychiatrists for the defense testified that Wuornos was mentally unstable and diagnosed her with borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder.<ref name="clarkprosecutor"/> Four days later, she was sentenced to death.<ref name=timeline/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Wuornos' defense made efforts during the trial to introduce evidence that Mallory was previously convicted for attempted rape in Maryland and served a sentence in a maximum-security correctional facility providing remediation to sexual offenders. Records obtained from the correctional institution showed that from 1958 to 1962, Mallory was committed for treatment and observation resulting from a criminal charge of assault with intent to rape. These records also reflect eight years of overall treatment from the facility. In 1961, "it was observed of Mr. Mallory that he possessed strong sociopathic trends".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> However, the judge refused to allow the records to be admitted in court as evidence, and denied Wuornos' request for a retrial.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On March 31, 1992, Wuornos pleaded no contest to the murders of Charles Richard Humphreys, Troy Eugene Burress, and David Andrew Spears, saying she wanted to "get right with God". In her statement to the court, she said, in part, "I wanted to confess to you that Richard Mallory did violently rape me as I've told you; but these others did not. [They] only began to start to."On May 15, 1992, Wuornos was given three more death sentences. In June 1992, Wuornos pleaded guilty to the murder of Charles Edmund Carskaddon. In November 1992, she received her fifth death sentence. In February 1993, Wuornos pleaded guilty to the murder of Walter Jeno Antonio and was sentenced to death again. No charges were brought against her for the murder of Peter Abraham Siems, as his body was never found. In all, Wuornos received six death sentences.<ref name="clarkprosecutor"/>

Wuornos told several inconsistent stories about the killings. She claimed initially that all seven men had either raped or attempted to rape her while she was working as a prostitute but later recanted the claim of self-defense, citing robbery and a desire to leave no witnesses as the reason for murder. During an interview with documentarian Nick Broomfield, when Wuornos thought the cameras were off, she told him that it was, in fact, self-defense, but she could not stand being on death row—where she had been for ten years at that point—and wanted to die.<ref name="aileenfilm">Template:Cite web</ref>

Death row and execution

Death row

Wuornos was incarcerated at the Florida Department of Corrections Broward Correctional Institution (BCI) death row for women, then transferred to the Florida State Prison for execution.<ref name="Trischittaetal">Template:Cite web</ref> Her appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was denied in 1996. In a 2001 petition to the Florida Supreme Court, she stated her intention to dismiss her legal counsel and terminate all pending appeals. "I killed those men", she wrote, "robbed them as cold as ice. And I'd do it again, too. There's no chance in keeping me alive or anything, because I'd kill again. I have hate crawling through my system ... I am so sick of hearing this 'she's crazy' stuff. I've been evaluated so many times. I'm competent, sane, and I'm trying to tell the truth. I'm one who seriously hates human life and would kill again."<ref name="back">Template:Cite news</ref> While her attorneys argued that she was not mentally competent to make such a request, Wuornos insisted that she knew what she was doing, and a court-appointed panel of psychiatrists agreed.<ref name="back" />

In 2002, Wuornos began accusing prison matrons of tainting her food with dirt, saliva, and urine. She said she had overheard conversations among prison personnel "trying to get me so pushed over the brink by them I'd wind up committing suicide before the execution" and "wishing to rape me before execution". She also complained of strip searches, tight handcuffing, door kicking, frequent window checks, low water pressure, mildew on her mattress, and "cat calling ... in distaste and a pure hatred towards me". Wuornos threatened to boycott showers and food trays when certain officers were on duty. "In the meantime, my stomach's growling away and I'm taking showers through the sink of my cell." Her attorney stated that "Ms. Wuornos really just wants to have proper treatment, humane treatment until the day she's executed." He added, "She believes what she's written".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In the weeks before her execution, Wuornos gave a series of interviews to documentarian Nick Broomfield and talked about "being taken away to meet God and Jesus and the angels and whatever is beyond the beyond".<ref name="Broomfield">Template:Cite web</ref> In her final interview, she once again charged that her mind was "tortured" at BCI, and her head crushed by "sonic pressure". Food poisonings and other abuses worsened, she said, each time she complained, to make her appear insane, or to drive her insane. She also turned on her interviewer: "You sabotaged my ass! Society, and the cops, and the system! A raped woman got executed, and was used for books and movies and shit!"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Her final on-camera words were "Thanks a lot, society, for railroading my ass".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Dawn Botkins, a childhood friend of Wuornos, later told Broomfield that her verbal abuse was directed at society and the media in general, not at him specifically.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Execution and death

Wuornos' execution by lethal injection took place on October 9, 2002. She declined her last meal which could have been anything under $20 and instead received a cup of coffee.<ref name="clarkprosecutor"/> Her last words were, "Yes, I would just like to say I'm sailing with the rock, and I'll be back, like Independence Day, with Jesus. June 6, like the movie. Big mother ship and all, I'll be back, I'll be back".<ref name="clarkprosecutor"/> She died at 9:47 a.m.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She was the second woman in Florida and the tenth in the United States to be executed since the 1976 United States Supreme Court decision restoring capital punishment.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

After her death, Wuornos' body was cremated. Wuornos' ashes were scattered beneath a tree in her native Michigan by Wuornos' childhood friend Dawn Botkins. At Wuornos' request, Natalie Merchant's song "Carnival" from Merchant's album Tigerlily (1995) was played at Wuornos' funeral: Wuornos spent many hours listening to this album on death row. When Merchant found out about this, she gave permission to use the song in the closing credits of Broomfield's documentary Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer (2003):

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Broomfield later speculated on Wuornos' state of mind and motives:

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Psychopathological profile

According to some specialists, Wuornos' crimes have been related to her psychopathic personality and her traumatic past.<ref name="Myers">Template:Cite journal</ref> Assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist, Wuornos scored 32/40<ref name="Myers"/><ref>Template:Cite episode</ref> with the cutoff score of 30 for determining psychopathy.<ref name="gap">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Myers"/><ref name="Semple">Template:Cite book</ref> Wuornos was also known to meet the relevant criteria for determining borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder.<ref name="Myers"/>

According to Brice Arrigo, Wuornos' childhood sexual abuse and career in sex work irrevocably damaged her,<ref name="Arrigo 2004">Template:Cite journal</ref> and it could be seen that traumatic experiences throughout most of her young life could play a part in Wuornos' psychological state, including her biological mother's departure as well as her grandmother ignoring the abuse she endured from her grandfather, thus leading to the lack of development of a "mother–daughter" bond for Wuornos as a young girl.<ref name="Arrigo 2004" /> The damage was then made worse because both Wuornos and her brother believed that their grandparents were their biological parents, but at the age of 11 they learned that this was not the case.<ref name="Arrigo 2004" />

Wuornos was also known to have early behavioral problems such as having an explosive temper which limited her ability to make friends, as well as making it increasingly difficult for her to maintain relationships.<ref name="Myers"/> Her traumatic upbringing, including her physical and sexual abuse, have been partially linked to the development of her borderline personality disorder.<ref name="Myers"/> Such severe trauma can also disrupt the structuralization of the mind at various developmental points and result in "primitive, dissociative, and splitting defenses to ward off the intensity of emotional and sexual stimulation that cannot be integrated as a child."<ref name="Myers"/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

FBI profiler Robert Ressler briefly mentions Wuornos in his autobiographical history of his 20 years with the FBI. Writing in 1992, he said he often does not discuss female serial killers because they tend to kill in sprees instead of in a sequential fashion.<ref name="ressler">Template:Cite book</ref> He noted Wuornos as the sole exception.<ref name="ressler" /> Ressler, who allegedly coined the term "serial killer"<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> to describe murderers seeking personal gratification, does not apply it to women killing in postpartum psychosis or to any murderer acting solely for financial gain, such as women who have killed a series of boarders or spouses.

In media

Books

Other works

Documentaries

Filmmaker Nick Broomfield directed two documentaries about Wuornos:

Wuornos was the subject of episodes of the documentary TV series American Justice, Biography<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Deadly Women. She was also featured in an episode of the TV series The New Detectives (season 3, episode 1: "Fatal Compulsion").

An episode of Murder Made Me Famous on the Reelz television network, airing December 1, 2018, chronicled the case.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In February 2020, the series Very Scary People was shown on the Crime & Investigation; episodes 3 and 4 describes how the investigation into Wuornos was conducted. A 2021 episode of Catching Killers from Netflix is centered around Wuornos: the 40-minute episode is titled, "Manhunter: Aileen Wuornos."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Netflix documentary film Aileen: Queen of the Serial Killers (2025) was directed by Emily Turner.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Films

The biographical drama film Monster (2003), stars Charlize Theron as Wuornos and Christina Ricci as Tyria Moore (Selby Wall in the film). The film centers on Wuornos' series of murders and her relationship with Moore. Theron won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>

The horror thriller film Aileen Wuornos: American Boogeywoman (2021) stars Peyton List as Wuornos. It shows a fictional version of Wuornos' marriage in 1976. The film was released via video-on-demand and on DVD.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Television

The TV movie Overkill: The Aileen Wuornos Story (1992) starred Jean Smart as Wuornos.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The antagonist of the 2002 Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode "Chameleon" — Maggie Peterson (Sharon Lawrence), a prostitute who murders her johns — is based on Wuornos.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In 2015, Lily Rabe portrayed a fictionalized version of Wuornos as part of a Halloween storyline in American Horror Story: Hotel in the fourth episode of the show's fifth season, and later in the season finale.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2024, the Cross season 1 from episode 2 to episode 8 with Wuornos lookalike portrayed by Eloise MumfordTemplate:Clarification is loosely based on Wuornos' story,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> although the show contains its usual disclaimer that the story and characters are fictional.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Music

An operatic adaptation of Wuornos' life premiered at San Francisco's Yerba Buena Center for the Arts on June 22, 2001. Titled Wuornos, the opera was written by composer and librettist Carla Lucero, conducted by Mary Chun, and produced by the Jon Sims Center for the Performing Arts.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Several musicians have written songs about Wuornos, including Jewel ("Nicotine Love"), the New York-based metalcore band It Dies Today ("Sixth of June"), and Pablo Hasél ("Inéditas por culpa de Aileen Wuornos").

The singer Diamanda Galás recorded a live cover of the Phil Ochs song "Iron Lady", which she would often perform as a tribute to Wuornos, for her performance album Malediction and Prayer (1998).

Japanese doom metal band Church of Misery released the song "Filth Bitch Boogie (Aileen Wuornos)" on their 2004 studio album The Second Coming.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Samples of interviews with Wuornos feature prominently throughout Dragged into Sunlight's 2009 album Hatred for Mankind, and Lingua Ignota's 2017 album All Bitches Die at the beginning of the songs "For I Am the Light (and Mine is the Only Way)" and "Holy is the Name (Of My Ruthless Axe)". Lingua Ignota's song "If the Poison Won't Take You My Dogs Will" of her 2019 album Caligula is also about Wuornos.

The song "Poor Aileen" by Superheaven, which is the final track from the 2015 album Ours Is Chrome, is written about Aileen Wuornos.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

A parody cover version of Dolly Parton's song "Jolene" called "Aileen", dedicated by Wuornos, is featured on Willam Belli's third album.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The music video, featuring Gigi Gorgeous portraying Wuornos, was released on November 1, 2018.<ref name=culthero />

In 2019, rapper Cardi B recreated Wuornos' famous mugshot for her single "Press".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=culthero>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2020, rapper Sadistik released the song "Aileen Wuornos", dedicated to the serial killer, on his Delirium EP.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The band SKYND released their song "Aileen Wuornos" in March 2025.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

References

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Cited sources

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Template:S-start ! colspan="3" | Executions carried out in Florida Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft |- ! colspan="3" | Executions carried out in the United States Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft |- ! colspan="3" | Women executed in the United States Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft Template:S-end

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