Andrew Yao
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Andrew Chi-Chih Yao (Template:Lang-zh; born December 24, 1946) is a Chinese computer scientist, theoretical physicist, and computational theorist. He is currently a professor and the dean of Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences (IIIS) at Tsinghua University. Yao used the minimax theorem to prove what is now known as Yao's principle.
After graduating from National Taiwan University, Yao earned a doctorate in physics from Harvard University in 1972 and a second doctorate in computer science from the University of Illinois in 1975 before teaching mathematics and computer science as a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and the University of California, Berkeley. In 1986, he became the William and Edna Macaleer Professor of Engineering and Applied Science at Princeton University.
Yao was a naturalized U.S. citizen, and worked for many years in the U.S. In 2015, together with Yang Chen-Ning, he renounced his U.S. citizenship and became an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Early life and education
Yao was born in Shanghai (then a part of the Republic of China) on December 24, 1946. His parents later moved to Hong Kong and then Taiwan, where Yao was raised.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
After attending Taipei Municipal Chien Kuo High School, Yao graduated from National Taiwan University with his Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in physics in 1967 and pursued graduate studies in the United States at Harvard University, where he earned his Master of Arts (M.A.) degree in physics in 1969 and then his Ph.D. in theoretical physics in 1972.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His doctoral thesis, completed under Nobel Prize laureate Sheldon Glashow, was titled, "Internal Symmetries and Positivity".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1975, after only two years of study, Yao completed a second Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign as a fellow of the National Science Foundation. His second doctoral dissertation, "A Study of Concrete Computational Complexity," was supervised by Taiwanese computer scientist Chung Laung Liu.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Academic career
Yao was an assistant professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1975–1976), assistant professor at Stanford University (1976–1981), and professor at the University of California, Berkeley (1981–1982).<ref name="Yao Turing">Template:Cite web</ref> From 1982 to 1986, he was a full professor at Stanford University.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> From 1986 to 2004, Yao was the William and Edna Macaleer Professor of Engineering and Applied Science at Princeton University,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> where he continued to work on algorithms and complexity. In 2004, Yao became a professor of the Center for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University (CASTU) and the director of the Institute for Theoretical Computer Science (ITCS), Tsinghua University in Beijing. Since 2010, he has served as the Dean of Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences (IIIS) in Tsinghua University. In 2010, he initiated the Conference on Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science (ITCS). Yao is also the Distinguished Professor-at-Large in the Chinese University of Hong Kong.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In May 2024, Yao joined fellow AI researchers Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton, and others in publishing an expert consensus paper describing the extreme risks posed by AI. The authors warned that AI safety research is lagging, and outlined "proactive, adaptive governance mechanisms" for policymakers ahead of the AI Seoul Summit.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Awards
In 1996, Yao was awarded the Knuth Prize. Yao also received the Turing Award in 2000, considered the "Nobel Prize" of computer science, "in recognition of his fundamental contributions to the theory of computation, including the complexity-based theory of pseudorandom number generation, cryptography, and communication complexity".<ref name="Yao Turing"/> In 2021, Yao received the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology.<ref>Kyoto Prize 2021</ref> In 2022, he was listed on the Asian Scientist 100.
Yao is a member of U.S. National Academy of Sciences, a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences. His wife, Frances Yao, is also a theoretical computer scientist.
See also
References
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- 1946 births
- Living people
- 20th-century American scientists
- 20th-century Chinese scientists
- 21st-century American scientists
- 21st-century Chinese scientists
- American computer scientists
- American emigrants to China
- Chinese computer scientists
- Chinese emigrants to the United States
- Chinese University of Hong Kong people
- 1995 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
- Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
- International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows
- Knuth Prize laureates
- Members of Academia Sinica
- Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
- National Taiwan University alumni
- Naturalized citizens of the People's Republic of China
- Naturalized citizens of the United States
- Former United States citizens
- Princeton University faculty
- Scientists from Shanghai
- Stanford University Department of Computer Science faculty
- Academic staff of Tsinghua University
- Turing Award laureates
- Grainger College of Engineering alumni
- UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
- Kyoto laureates in Advanced Technology