Apalachicola River

The Apalachicola River Template:IPAc-en is a river, approximately Template:Convert long, in the state of Florida. The river's large watershed, known as the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee and Flint (ACF) River Basin, drains an area of approximately Template:Convert into the Gulf of Mexico. The distance to its furthest head waters (as the Chattahoochee River) in northeast Georgia is approximately Template:Convert. Its name comes from Apalachicola Province, an association of Native American towns located on what is now the Chattahoochee River. The Spanish included what is now named the Chattahoochee River as part of one river, calling all of it from its origins in the southern Appalachian foothills down to the Gulf of Mexico the Apalachicola.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Description

The river is formed on the state line between Florida and Georgia, near the town of Chattahoochee, Florida, approximately Template:Convert northeast of Panama City, by the confluence of the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers. The actual confluence is contained within the Lake Seminole reservoir formed by the Jim Woodruff Dam. It flows generally south through the forests of the Florida Panhandle, past Bristol. In northern Gulf County, it receives the Chipola River from the west. It flows into Apalachicola Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, at Apalachicola, Florida. The lower Template:Cvt of the river is surrounded by extensive swamps and wetlands, except at the coast.

The watershed contains nationally significant forests, with some of the highest biological diversity east of the Mississippi River<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=Keddy>Template:Cite journal</ref> and rivaling that of the Great Smoky Mountains. It has prominent areas of temperate deciduous forest as well as longleaf pine landscapes and flatwoods. Flooded areas have significant tracts of floodplain forest.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> All of these southeastern forest types were devastated by logging between 1880 and 1920,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and the Apalachicola contains some of the finest remaining examples of old growth forest in the southeast. The endangered tree species Florida torreya is endemic to the region; it clings to forested slopes and bluffs in Torreya State Park along the east bank of the river. The highest point within the watershed is Blood Mountain at Template:Convert, near the headwaters of the Chattahoochee River.

Where the river enters the Gulf of Mexico, it creates a rich array of wetlands varying in salinity. These include tidal marshes and seagrass meadows. Over Template:Cvt of this diverse delta complex are included within the Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> There are also dunes with coastal grasslands and interdunal swales.

File:Torreya Park Apalachicola River pano02.jpg

View of Apalachicola River at Torreya State Park

File:Apalachicola River.jpg

View of the Apalachicola River near Fort Gadsden, Florida

The basin of the Apalachicola River is also noted for its Tupelo honey, a high-quality monofloral honey, which is produced wherever the tupelo trees bloom in the southeastern United States. In a good harvest year, the value of the tupelo honey crop produced by a group of specialized Florida beekeepers approaches $900,000 each spring.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

During Florida's British colonial period, the river formed the boundary between East Florida and West Florida. Geologically, the river links the coastal plain and Gulf Coast with the Appalachian Mountains.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Some of the remaining important areas of natural habitat along the river include Apalachicola National Forest, Torreya State Park, The Nature Conservancy Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve, Tates Hell State Forest, and Apalachicola River Wildlife and Environmental Area, as well as the Apalachicola River Water Management Area. It has been suggested that this watershed should be nationally ranked and appreciated as being as significant as the Everglades or Great Smoky Mountains.<ref name=Keddy /> To raise awareness about the importance of preserving the natural state of the river and its inhabitants, Florida film producer Elam Stoltzfus highlighted this system in a 2006 documentary<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> broadcast on PBS.

The river forms the boundary between the Eastern and Central time zones in Florida, until it reaches the Jackson River. Thereafter, the Jackson River, which flows to the Gulf of Mexico, is the time zone boundary.<ref>49 C.F.R. § 71.5(f).</ref>

List of crossings

File:Florida I10wb Apalachicola River.jpg

Interstate 10 WB crossing between Gadsden County and Jackson County

Crossing	Carries	Location	Coordinates
Jim Woodruff Dam		Chattahoochee
Victory Bridge	File:US 90.svg U.S. 90	Chattahoochee
Rail bridge	CSX Transportation	Chattahoochee
Dewey M. Johnson Bridge	File:I-10.svg Interstate Highway 10	Marianna to Quincy
Trammell Bridge	File:Florida 20.svg SR 20	Bristol
Rail bridge	Apalachicola Northern Railway	Apalachicola
John Gorrie Memorial Bridge	File:US 98.svgFile:US 319.svg U.S. 98 U.S. 319	Apalachicola

See also

• List of Florida rivers
• South Atlantic-Gulf Water Resource Region
• Voices of the Apalachicola
• Water wars in Florida

Further reading

• Boyce, S.G., and W.M. Martin. 1993. The future of the terrestrial communities of the southeastern United States. Pp. 339–366, In W.H. Martin, S.G. Boyce, and A.C. Echternacht (Eds.). Biodiversity of the Southeastern United States, Lowland Terrestrial Communities. Wiley, New York, NY.
• Light, H.M., M.R. Darst, and J.W. Grubbs. (1998). Aquatic habitats in relation to river flow in the Apalachicola River floodplain, Florida [U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1594]. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.

External links

• National Estuarine Research Reserve
• Flint-Chattahoochee-Apalachicola basin, US Army Corps of Engineers
• Apalachicola River Ecological Management Plan (archived), Florida State University
• Template:Usurped (archived), protectingourwater.org
• Apalachicola River Wildlife and Environmental Area at myfwc.com
• Apalachicola Riverkeeper, an organization focused on the protection of the Apalachicola
• Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve at nature.org
• Northwest Florida Water Management District (archived)
• Template:GNIS