Arrondissements of Paris
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The City of Paris is divided into twenty arrondissements municipaux, administrative districts, referred to as arrondissements (Template:IPA).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> These are not to be confused with departmental arrondissements, which subdivide the larger French departments.
The number of the arrondissement is indicated by the last two digits in most Parisian postal codes, 75001 up to 75020. In addition to their number, each arrondissement has a name, often for a local monument. For example, the 5th arrondissement is also called "Panthéon" in reference to the eponymous building. The first four arrondissements have a shared administration, called Paris Centre.
Description
The twenty arrondissements (French: "rounding") are arranged in the form of a clockwise spiral, often likened to a snail shell,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> starting from the middle of the city, with the first on the Right Bank (north bank) of the Seine.
In French, notably on street signs, the number is often given in Roman numerals. For example, the Eiffel Tower belongs to the VIIe arrondissement, while Gare de l'Est is in the Xe arrondissement. In daily speech, people use the ordinal number corresponding to the arrondissement, e.g. "Elle habite dans le sixième", "She lives in the 6th (arrondissement)".Template:Citation needed
Due to suburbanization, the population of Paris has gradually shifted outward, with only two arrondissements still growing.
Governance
Uniquely among French cities, Paris is both a municipality (commune) and a department (département). Under the PLM Law (Loi PLM) of 1982, which redefined the governance of Paris, Lyon, and Marseille, hence the PLM acronym, there are both a city council called the Council of Paris, and 20 arrondissement councils in Paris. The PLM Law set limits to the prerogatives of the mayor of Paris, who has to deal with the powers granted to the prefect of police on security issues.
The 20 arrondissement councils (conseils d'arrondissement) are similar in operation to a municipal council (conseil municipal), but with very few powers.<ref name=ParisDigest/> Its members are elected at municipal elections in the same way as in municipalities with more than 3,500 inhabitants. Each arrondissement council is made up of 2/3 members, elected specifically as arrondissement councillors. Council of Paris members representing the arrondissement, also sit ex officio on their local arrondissement council.<ref name=ParisDigest/>
For example, the council of the 19th arrondissement has 42 members. 28 are conseillers d'arrondissement who only sit on the arrondissement council. 14 are conseillers de Paris who also sit on the city council. At its first meeting after the elections, each arrondissement council elects its mayor.<ref name=ParisDigest>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Each arrondissement is subdivided administratively into four quartiers. Paris thus has 80 quartiers administratifs, each containing a police station. For a table giving the names of the eighty quartiers, see Quarters of Paris.
Arrondissements
History
On 11 October 1795, Paris was divided into twelve arrondissements. They were numbered from west to east. The numbers 1–9 were on the Right Bank of the Seine. The numbers were 10–12 on the Left Bank. Each arrondissement was subdivided into four quartiers, which corresponded to the 48 original districts created in 1790.
In the late 1850s, Emperor Napoleon III and the Prefect of the Seine Baron Haussmann developed a plan to incorporate several of the surrounding communes into the Paris jurisdiction. In 1859, Parliament passed the necessary legislation, and the expansion took effect when the law was promulgated on 3 November 1859. City taxes were extended to the new neighborhoods in July 1860.Template:Sfn
The previous twelve arrondissements were done away with, and twenty new arrondissements were created. In historical records, when it is necessary to distinguish between the two systems, the original arrondissements are indicated by adding the term ancienne ("former" or "old"), for example, 2ème ancienne or 7ème anc.
Before the reorganization, non-married couples who lived together were said to have "married at the town hall of the 13th arrondissement" ("se marier à la mairie du 13e arrondissement"), as a jocular reference to there being no 13th. When Haussmann released his plan for the new boundaries and numbering system, residents of Passy objected because it placed them in the new 13th arrondissement. The mayor of Passy, Jean-Frédéric Possoz, devised the numbering of the arrondissements in a spiral pattern, beginning on the Right Bank, which put Passy in the 16th. This system turned the Louvre area, which contained the Tuileries Palace and other imperial palaces, into the 1st. The Gobelins area became the 13th instead.Template:Sfn
In early 2016, mayor Anne Hidalgo proposed that the first four arrondissements should have their administrations merged. The Council of Paris approved this in February 2016. The four have a combined population of about 100,000, with the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 3rd arrondissements in that order being the four smallest in Paris. In August 2016, the matter was taken up in the National Assembly, and approved in February 2017.<ref>Paris Council Plans to Combine Arrondissements from frenchly.us</ref><ref>Paris redraws map as four arrondissements unite under new name from The Local France</ref>
In October 2018, in a postal referendum, the town hall of the 3rd arrondissement was chosen to house the new shared administration. The name "Paris Centre" was chosen for the sector. In June 2020, the reform was implemented, the day after the second round of the 2020 Paris municipal election. The four arrondissements now share a mayor and a district council. The four arrondissements continue to exist, but are no longer used as administrative and electoral sectors.<ref>Paris Council Plans to Combine Arrondissements from frenchly.us</ref><ref>Paris redraws map as four arrondissements unite under new name from The Local France</ref>
Logos of the town halls
- Logos of the Paris town halls
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Paris Centre, arrondissements 1, 2, 3, 4 -
5th arrondissement -
6th arrondissement -
7th arrondissement -
8th arrondissement -
9th arrondissement -
10th arrondissement -
11th arrondissement
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12th arrondissement
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13th arrondissement
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14th arrondissement
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15th arrondissement
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16th arrondissement
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17th arrondissement
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18th arrondissement
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19th arrondissement
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20th arrondissement
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Works
- Paris, je t'aime, a 2006 film composed of five-minute sequences on each arrondissement
See also
- Arrondissement, for other uses of the term.
- Historical quarters of Paris
- Administration of Paris
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
- Official Paris website
- Website showing location, numbering conventions, and general info for arrondissements
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