Ashvin (month)

Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Infobox month Template:Hinduism Ashvin (Template:IPAc-en; Template:Langx; Malay/Indonesian: Aswin; Thai: Asawin), or Ashwin, also known as Aswayuja, is the seventh month of the Hindu lunar calendar and the Indian national calendar.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The name of the month is derived from the position of the Moon near the Ashvini nakshatra (star) on the full moon day.<ref name="Ety">Template:Cite book</ref> The month corresponds to the autumn (Sharada) season and falls in September–October of the Gregorian calendar.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In the Hindu solar calendar, it corresponds to the month of Kanya and begins with the Sun's entry into Virgo.<ref name="Siddhantha">Template:Cite book</ref> It corresponds to Ashshin, the sixth month in the Bengali calendar.<ref name="Siddhantha"/> In the Tamil calendar, it corresponds to the seventh month of Aipasi, falling in the Gregorian months of October–November.<ref name="Siddhantha"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the Vaishnav calendar, it corresponds to the seventh month of Padmanabha.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In the Hindu lunar calendar, each month has 29 or 30 days. The month begins on the next day after Amavasya (new moon) or Purnima (full moon) as per the amanta and purnimanta systems, respectively. A month consists of two cycles of 15 days each, Shukla Paksha (waning moon) and Krishna Paksha (waxing moon). Days in each cycle is labeled as a thithi, with each thithi repeating twice in a month.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the Bengali calendar, it earlier consisted of 30 days before being revised to 31 days in Bangladesh in October 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Diwali, the festival of lights, and Navaratri are major Hindu festivals celebrated in the month.

Etymology

The name of the month is derived from Ashvini, which is the first of the 27 nakshatras (star). It is based on the position of the Moon near the star on the full moon day.<ref name="Ety"/> In Indian astrology, it is the head of the constellation Aries.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In Hindu mythology, Ashvins are divine twin horsemen, who are associated with healing and are considered the bringers of dawn.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In Thai, Aswin means a warrior or knight, and are described as representing the "blending of light and darkness" during twilight.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Festivals

Diwali

Diwali is a five‑day Hindu festival of lights marking the victory of light over darkness, or good over evil.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Dhanteras marks the first day of the festival and is celebrated on Trayodashi (thirteenth lunar day) of Krishna Paksha (waxing moon) of the month. It is dedicated to the worship of goddess Lakshmi, lord Kubera and lord Dhanvantari.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Naraka Chaturdasi is celebrated on the next day (Chaturdashi) and commemorates the defeat of Narakasura by god Krishna.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Lakshmi Puja is celebrated on the Amavasya (new moon, and marks the main night of festivities. It is dedicated to welcoming prosperity by worshipping Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth. People light lamps (diyas), burst crackers, and do pujas.<ref name="NDTV">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The festivities and traditions vary across regions and commemorate other Hindu gods and goddesses.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Kali Puja is celebrated in parts of India during the new moon day, and is dedicated to goddess Kali.<ref name="NDTV"/> While primarily a Hindu festival, variations of Diwali are also celebrated by adherents of other faiths. For Jains, own Diwali marks the final liberation of Mahavira.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Sikhs celebrate Bandi Chhor Divas to mark the release of Guru Hargobind from Mughal imprisonment.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Newar Buddhists also celebrate Diwali.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Navaratri

File:Durga puja in Dhakeshwari temple.jpg

Durga Puja is a major festival in Bengal region

Navaratri is a nine‑day festival dedicated to various Hindu goddesses.<ref name="Festival">Template:Cite book</ref> It starts from the Prathama (first lunar day) thithi after Amavasya (new moon), and ends on the Navami thithi on the ninth day.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The festival involves fasting, special pujas, and various cultural activities. <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Saraswati Puja or Ayutha Puja is celebrated on the ninth day of Navaratri. This day involves the worship of various tools, instruments, and books, and is dedicated to Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of wisdom.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In households and institutions, materials and implements are cleaned and decorated, with special pujas.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Vijayadashami or Dussehra is celebrated on Dashami (tenth day) thithi, and marks the end of Navaratri festivities. It commemorates god Rama's victory over Ravana.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Durga Puja is major festival in Eastern India and Bengal celebrated during the Navaratri period, and commemorates goddess Durga's victory the asura Mahishasura.<ref name="Festival"/> Pujas are performed in homes and public spaces at temporary structures known as pandals, along with religious recitations, cultural performances, feasting, and processions.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Karwa Chauth

Karwa Chauth is a one‑day fast observed by married Hindu women for the longevity and well‑being of their husbands. Women break the fast at night when the moon is sighted.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rituals includes wearing traditional attires, communal gatherings, and offering prayers to the moon.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Sharad Poornima

Sharad Poornima is observed on the Purnima (full moon day) of the month of Ashvin. It marks the end of monsoon season. During the festival, various Hindu gods are worshipped along with Chandra, the moon deity, and are offered flowers and sweets.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

• Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar
• Hindu astrology
• Hindu calendar
• Indian astronomy
• Indian units of measurement