Barbara La Marr
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Barbara La Marr (born Reatha Dale Watson; July 28, 1896 – January 30, 1926) was an American film actress and screenwriter who appeared in twenty-seven films during her career between 1920 and 1926. La Marr was also noted by the media for her beauty, dubbed as the "Girl Who Is Too Beautiful", as well as her tumultuous personal life.
Born in Yakima, Washington, La Marr spent her early life in the Pacific Northwest before relocating with her family to California when she was a teenager. After performing in vaudeville and working as a dancer in New York City, she moved to Los Angeles with her second husband and became a screenwriter for Fox Film Corporation, writing several successful films for the company. La Marr was finally "discovered" by Douglas Fairbanks, who gave her a prominent role in The Nut (1921), then cast her as Milady de Winter in his production of The Three Musketeers (1921). After two further career-boosting films with director Rex Ingram (The Prisoner of Zenda and Trifling Women, both with Ramon Novarro), La Marr signed with Arthur H. Sawyer to make several films for various studios, including The Hero (1923), Souls for Sale (1923), and The Shooting of Dan McGrew (1924), the first and last of which she co-wrote.
During her career, La Marr became known as the pre-eminent vamp of the 1920s; she partied and drank heavily, once remarking to the press that she only slept two hours a night. In 1924, La Marr's health began to falter after a series of crash diets for comeback roles further affected her, leading to her death from pulmonary tuberculosis and nephritis at age 29. She was posthumously honored on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to the film industry.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Early life
Barbara La Marr was born in 1896Template:Efn as Reatha Dale Watson to William and Rosana "Rose" Watson in Yakima, Washington (La Marr later claimed she was born in Richmond, Virginia).Template:Sfn Her father was an editor for a newspaper, and her mother, a native of Corvallis, Oregon, already had one son, Henry, and a daughter, Violet, from a previous marriage.Template:Sfn La Marr's parents had wed sometime during 1884, and had a son, William Watson, Jr., born in June 1886, ten years before she was born.Template:Sfn Through her mother, La Marr was of German and English descent.Template:Sfn
In the 1920s, the elder Watson became a vaudeville comedian under the stage name of Billy Devore. The Watsons lived in various locations in Washington and Oregon during La Marr's formative years. By 1900, she was living with her parents in Portland, Oregon, with her brother William, her half-sister Violet Ross, and Violet's husband Arvel Ross.<ref name=census/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> As a child, La Marr also performed as a dancer in vaudeville,Template:Sfn and made her acting debut as Little Eva in a Tacoma stage production of Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1904.Template:Sfn
By 1910, La Marr was living in Fresno, California with her parents.<ref>1910 United States Federal Census, Fresno, Township 3, California, April 22, 1910.</ref> Some time after 1911, the family moved to Los Angeles, and La Marr worked at a department store.Template:Sfn La Marr also appeared in burlesque shows.Template:Sfn In January 1913, her half-sister, now going by the name of Violet Ake, took her 16-year-old sister on a three-day automobile excursion with a man named C.C. Boxley. They drove up to Santa Barbara, but after a few days, La Marr felt that they were not going to let her return home. Ake and Boxley finally let La Marr return to Los Angeles after they realized that warrants were issued for their arrests, accusing them of kidnapping.<ref name=meares/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This episode was published in several newspapers, and La Marr even testified against her sister, but the case eventually was dropped.<ref name=meares/>Template:Efn La Marr's name appeared frequently in newspaper headlines during the next few years. In November 1914, she came back to California from Arizona and announced that she was the newly widowed wife of a rancher named Jack Lytell and that they were supposedly married in Mexico. She also stated that she loathed the name Reatha and preferred to be called by the childhood nickname "Beth".Template:Sfn
Career
Early years and screenwriting
After marrying and moving in with her third husband, vaudevillian Ben Deely, La Marr, who at one time had aspirations of being a poet,<ref name=meares/> found employment writing screenplays at Fox Film Corporation using the name Folly Lyell.Template:Sfn She wrote numerous scenarios for studio shorts at Fox and United Artists, many of which she based on her life, earning over US$10,000 during her tenure at the studios.Template:Sfn She was credited as writer Barbara La Marr Deely on the films The Mother of His Children, The Rose of Nome, Flame of Youth, The Little Grey Mouse, and The Land of Jazz (all released in 1920).Template:Sfn
La Marr continued to write short screenplays for the studio and supported herself by dancing in various cities across the country, including New York City, Chicago, New Orleans, and at the 1915 World's Fair in San Francisco.Template:Sfn La Marr's dance partners included Rudolph Valentino and Clifton Webb,Template:Sfn and her dance routines attracted the attention of publisher William Randolph Hearst, who featured her and a dance partner in a series of articles published in the San Francisco Examiner around 1914.Template:Sfn
Move to Hollywood and acting
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While working in the writers' building at United Artists, La Marr was approached by Mary Pickford, who reportedly embraced her and said, "My dear, you are too beautiful to be behind a camera. Your vibrant magnetism should be shared by film audiences."Template:Sfn La Marr's association with filmmakers led to her returning to Los Angeles and making her film debut in 1920 in Harriet and the Piper. Though a supporting part, the film garnered her attention from audiences.Template:Sfn La Marr made the successful transition from writer to actress with her supporting role in The Nut (1921), playing a femme fatale.Template:Sfn Later the same year, she was hired by Douglas Fairbanks to play the substantial part of Milady de Winter in The Three Musketeers.Template:Sfn
Over the next several years, La Marr acted frequently in films, and became known to the public as "The Girl Who Is Too Beautiful", after Adela Rogers St. Johns, a Hearst newspaper feature writer, saw a judge sending her home during a police beat in Los Angeles because she was "too beautiful and young to be on her own in the big city."Template:Sfn This publicity did much to promote her career.Template:Sfn Among La Marr's films are The Prisoner of Zenda and Trifling Women, both 1922 releases directed by Rex Ingram. Although her film career flourished, she embraced the fast-paced Hollywood nightlife, remarking in an interview that she slept no more than two hours a night.<ref name=meares>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1923, La Marr appeared in the comedy The Brass Bottle, portraying the role of the Queen,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and Poor Men's Wives. She had a supporting part in the Fred Niblo-directed comedy Strangers of the Night, and was noted in a New York Times review for her "capable" performance.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She starred in the lead role, with Bert Lytell and Lionel Barrymore, in The Eternal City (1923), which featured a cameo appearance by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.Template:Sfn
Decline and career resurgence
In 1924, during the filming of Thy Name Is Woman, production supervisor Irving Thalberg made regular visits to the set to ensure that La Marr's alcoholism was not interfering with the shoot.Template:Sfn The same year, La Marr's first starring, above-the-title role came in the drama Sandra, from First National Pictures, which she filmed in New York City in August 1924.Template:Sfn La Marr had served as a co-writer on the film, which focused on a woman suffering from a split-personality disorder.Template:Sfn Upon release, the film received dismally negative reviews.Template:Sfn
La Marr's final screenplay, titled My Husband's Wives, was produced by Fox in 1924, arriving in theaters shortly after the release of Sandra, and before the production of what proved to be her final three films: The Heart of a Siren (a mixed reception), The White Monkey (a critical failure), and The Girl from Montmartre (a critical success, albeit posthumously released).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn While shooting The Girl from Montmartre in early October 1925, La Marr collapsed on set and went into a coma as the studio wrapped production without her with use of a double in long shots.Template:Sfn
Personal life
Relationships and marriages
Although the tally is usually given as five, La Marr was officially married only four times. No documentation exists to prove the existence of her alleged first husband, Jack Lytelle, whom she claimed to have met while visiting friends in Yuma, Arizona in 1914.Template:Sfn According to La Marr, Lytelle became enamored with her as he saw her one day riding in an automobile while he was on horseback.Template:Sfn The couple allegedly married the day after they met, but Lytelle, it was claimed, died of pneumonia only three weeks into the marriage, leaving only a surname for Mrs. Lytelle to inherit.Template:Sfn
La Marr's first official documented marriage on June 2, 1914, was to a Max Lawrence, who later turned out to be a former soldier of fortune named Lawrence Converse. He was already married with children when he married La Marr under a false name, and was arrested for bigamy the following day.Template:Sfn Converse died of a blood clot in his brain, allegedly caused by banging his head against the cell bars while calling for La Marr, three days later on June 5.Template:Sfn
On October 13, 1916, La Marr married Philip Ainsworth, a noted dancer.Template:Sfn Although the son of well-off parents, Ainsworth eventually was incarcerated at San Quentin State Prison for passing bad checks, and the couple divorced in 1917.Template:Sfn She married for a third time to Ben Deely, also a dancer, in 1918.Template:Sfn Deely, who was over twice her age, was an alcoholic and a gambling addict, which led to the couple's separation in April 1921.Template:Sfn Before the divorce from Deely was finalized, La Marr married actor Jack Dougherty in May 1923. Despite separating a year later, they remained legally married until her death.Template:Sfn
Some years after La Marr's death, she was revealed to have given birth to a son, Marvin Carville La Marr, on July 29, 1922. The name of the boy's father has never been released. During her final illness, La Marr entrusted the care of her son to her close friend, actress ZaSu Pitts, and Pitts' husband, film executive Tom Gallery.Template:Sfn After La Marr's death, the child was legally adopted by Pitts and Gallery and renamed Donald Michael "Sonny" Gallery. Template:Sfn Don Gallery was married to actress Joyce Reynolds from 1947 to 1951 before remarrying Patricia in 1985. He lived in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, and died in 2014 at the age of 92.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Health problems
La Marr partied long hours and got very little sleep during the latter part of her career, often pairing this behavior with drinking during especially low points; she once told an interviewer: "I cheat nature. I never sleep more than two hours a day. I have better things to do."Template:Sfn In addition to her drinking and lack of sleep, during the last two years of her life, La Marr went on several extreme crash diets to lose weight.Template:Sfn La Marr was rumored to have at one time ingested a tapeworm head in a pill to help her lose weight.Template:Sfn
By late 1925, La Marr's health had deteriorated significantly due to pulmonary tuberculosis. While filming her final feature, The Girl from Montmartre, La Marr collapsed on the set and lapsed into a coma.Template:Sfn In mid-December, she was diagnosed with nephritis, an inflammation of the kidneys, as a complication of her already tubercular state.Template:Sfn La Marr was bedridden through Christmas, and by late December, she reportedly weighed less than Template:Convert.Template:Sfn
SomeTemplate:Who historians and writers have claimed that La Marr was addicted to morphine and heroin, which she had been prescribed after injuring her ankle and which may have contributed to her health problems.Template:Sfn In Sherri Snyder's 2017 biography of La Marr, the writer states that these claims were untrue and erroneously reported.Template:Sfn A frequently recirculated rumor was that La Marr was arrested for morphine possession in Los Angeles; however, Snyder states that this claim was mistakenly attributed to La Marr, when it had in fact been actress Alma Rubens who had been arrested in January 1931, five years after La Marr's death.Template:Sfn Ben Finney, a close friend of La Marr, contested the claims of drug use, stating: "It is inconceivable that during our close friendship I would not have known if she were a junkie," adding, "She did well enough with booze."Template:Sfn
Death
On January 30, 1926,Template:Sfn La Marr died of complications associated with tuberculosis and nephritis at her parents' home in Altadena, California, at the age of 29.<ref name=latimes>Template:Cite web</ref> Her friend, film director Paul Bern, was with her when she died.Template:Sfn La Marr's son later speculated that Bern may have been his biological father, though this eventually was disproved; Bern died in a mysterious shooting six years later.<ref name=meares/>
La Marr's funeral at the Walter C. Blue Undertaking Chapel in Los Angeles attracted over 3,000 fans, and five women reportedly fainted in the crowd and had to be removed by police to safety.<ref name=framework>Template:Cite web</ref> After her removal from the church during the funeral procession, hundreds of fans flooded the chapel hoping to obtain flowers from the decorative arrangements.<ref name=framework/> She was interred in a crypt at Hollywood Cathedral Mausoleum, in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery.Template:Sfn In February 1960, the Hollywood Walk of Fame recognized her contribution to the motion picture industry, with a star at 1621 Vine Street.<ref name=latimes/>
In popular culture
Producer Louis B. Mayer persuaded actress Hedwig Kiesler to adopt the stage name Hedy Lamarr on behalf of his wife, a longtime admirer of La Marr.Template:Sfn She is also referred to in the popular 1932 Flanagan and Allen song "Underneath the Arches" during a break in which Ches Allen reads the headlines from a 1926 newspaper.Template:Sfn Children's author Edward Eager set an episode of his 1954 book Half Magic at a showing of La Marr's Sandra and includes ironic descriptions of the movie.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Filmography
| Template:Dagger | Denotes a lost or presumed lost film. |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | Harriet and the Piper | Tam O'Shanter Girl | Credited as Barbara Deely Alternate title: Paying the Piper |
| Flame of Youth Template:Dagger | Story | ||
| The Mother of His Children Template:Dagger | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Story Credited as Barbara La Marr Deely | |
| Rose of Nome Template:Dagger | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Story Credited as Barbara La Marr Deely | |
| The Little Grey Mouse Template:Dagger | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Story | |
| The Land of Jazz Template:Dagger | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Story Credited as Barbara La Marr Deely | |
| 1921 | The Nut | Claudine Dupree | |
| Desperate Trails Template:Dagger | Lady Lou | ||
| The Three Musketeers | Milady de Winter | ||
| Cinderella of the Hills Template:Dagger | Kate Gradley | Credited as Barbara La Marr Deely | |
| 1922 | Arabian Love Template:Dagger | Themar | |
| Domestic Relations Template:Dagger | Mrs. Martin | ||
| The Prisoner of Zenda | Antoinette de Mauban | ||
| Trifling Women Template:Dagger | Jacqueline de Séverac/Zareda | ||
| Quincy Adams Sawyer Template:Dagger | Lindy Putnam | ||
| 1923 | The Hero Template:Dagger | Hester Lane | |
| The Brass Bottle Template:Dagger | The Queen | ||
| Mary of the Movies | Herself | Incomplete | |
| Poor Men's Wives | Laura Bedford/Laura Maberne | Incomplete | |
| Souls for Sale | Leva Lemaire | ||
| Strangers of the Night Template:Dagger | Anna Valeska | Alternate title: Ambrose Applejohn's Adventure | |
| St. Elmo Template:Dagger | Agnes Hunt | ||
| The Eternal Struggle | Camille Lenoir | Alternate title: Masters of Women | |
| The Eternal City | Donna Roma | Incomplete | |
| 1924 | Thy Name Is Woman | Guerita | |
| The Shooting of Dan McGrew | Lou | ||
| The White Moth | Mona Reid/The White Moth | Writer, uncredited | |
| Hello, 'Frisco Template:Dagger | |||
| Sandra Template:Dagger | Sandra Waring | ||
| My Husband's Wives | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Story | |
| 1925 | The Heart of a Siren | Isabella Echevaria | Alternate title: The Heart of a Temptress |
| The White Monkey | Fleur Forsyte | Incomplete | |
| 1926 | The Girl from Montmartre | Emilia Faneaux |
See also
Notes
References
Works cited
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Further reading
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- Sherri Snyder (2017). Barbara La Marr: The Girl Who Was Too Beautiful for Hollywood. University Press of Kentucky. Template:ISBN
External links
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- Template:Find a Grave
- Barbara La Marr at Virtual History
- funeral of Barbara LaMarr(archived)
- Pages with broken file links
- Pages using center with unknown parameters
- 1896 births
- 1926 deaths
- 20th-century American actresses
- Actresses from Washington (state)
- Actresses from Portland, Oregon
- American child actresses
- American film actresses
- American people of English descent
- American people of German descent
- American silent film actresses
- American stage actresses
- American women screenwriters
- American burlesque performers
- Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
- Deaths from nephritis
- 20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis deaths in California
- People from Yakima, Washington
- American vaudeville performers
- Screenwriters from Washington (state)
- Screenwriters from Oregon
- 20th-century American women writers
- 20th-century American screenwriters