Berzelius Society
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Berzelius Society<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (BZ) is the third oldest secret society for seniors at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Established in 1848, it is named after the Swedish scientist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, considered one of the founding fathers of modern chemistry. In addition, Berzelius is part of a four-society "Consortium" with Manuscript Society, Book and Snake, and Aurelian.
History
Berzelius is a secret society established as the Colony Club in 1848 at Sheffield Scientific School, a former school of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":4">Template:Cite news</ref> One of its founding members was William Henry Brewer. The club was housed on campus in Berzelius Hall, named after the Swedish scientist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, considered one of the founding fathers of modern chemistry.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":6">Template:Cite web</ref> Eventually, the Colony Club started using the name Berzelius.
As the society is often called, BZ is the third oldest society at Yale and the oldest of those of the now-defunct Sheffield Scientific School. From 1854 to 1956, this institution was the sciences and engineering college of Yale University.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":4" /> Berzelius became a senior society in the tradition of Skull and Bones, Scroll and Key, and Wolf's Head in 1933 when the Sheffield Scientific School was integrated into Yale University.<ref name=":1" />
The society takes its intellectual mission seriously, invoking Socrates' exhortation "The unexamined life is not worth living” and stating to its prospective members that: "Berzelius provides opportunities for achieving insights through an open, honest exchange of experiences, passions, and opinions. This process prepares its members — whose diversity is highly valued — for an active, intellectually vigorous, and moral life, giving them a place and time for contemplation and reflection so that they might rise boldly to the challenges of their lives, devoted to good character, tolerant of others, and willing to serve their communities while forging links of mind to mind in a chain unbroken."
The society's corporate name is Colony Foundation, changed from the Bezelius Trust Association in 1951.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
Buildings
The Colony Club initially had meeting rooms in Berzelius Hall on the Sheffield campus.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> In 1898, the society built a house called The Colony; it was the residence of the senior members of Berzelius.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Architects Henry Bacon and James Brite designed the Colonial Revival and Neoclassical brick residence on Hillside Avenue.<ref name=":5" /> Yale purchased the BZ dormitory in 1933 for student housing, later using it for faculty offices.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> It was demolished in 1969 to make way for the Yale Health Services Center.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" />
In 1910, the Berzelius Trust Association purchased property at 78 Trumbull Street in New Haven to construct a new building or tomb for BZ's meeting place.<ref name=":2" /> Berzelius member and architect Donn Barber designed the building to resemble a Greek temple.<ref name="lelandtorrenceenterprises.com">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The limestone neoclassical tomb was completed in 1910.<ref name=":2" /> BZ's building is called a tomb, the customary appellation for a secret society structure at Yale.<ref name=":5" /> However, many BZ members refer to their building as The Hall. This is likely a transferred linguistic remnant of the tradition of Sheffield's secret societies, which had halls for residential use and tombs as separate meeting places, in contrast to the Yale College senior secret societies, which maintained only tombs.
The BZ tomb is set off from the more active center of Yale's campus, providing privacy for Berzelius' members, and its mainly unadorned blank exterior conveys to outsiders the deceptive sense that nothing much happens inside. In addition to the meeting room, dining area, and numerous study rooms, there are below-ground activity rooms with a pool table and a ping pong table for recreation. Its exterior is plain but does have a roof with a balustrade and detailed cornice, double brass doors with floral ornamentation, and a carved limestone detail showing the society's insignia above the entrance.<ref name=":5" /> In 2002, BZ's tomb underwent a major restoration.<ref name="lelandtorrenceenterprises.com" />
Notable members
Berzelius's members have included U.S. senators and governors, influential journalists and activists, accomplished athletes and artists, and successful businesspeople. Some of its notable members are listed below.
- Donn Barber, architect
- Clifford Whittingham Beers, founder of the American mental hygiene movement<ref>"Clifford Whittingham Beers". History of the Class of 1897, Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University: Decennial Record 1897–1907. New Haven: The Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Company. 1907. p. 4.</ref>
- William Phipps Blake, American geologist, mining consultant, and educator
- William Henry Brewer, botanist and the first chair of Agriculture at the Sheffield Scientific School
- David Dellinger, American pacifist and activist
- A. Peter Dewey, Office of Strategic Services operative<ref name=":3">Template:Cite web</ref>
- William DeWitt, Jr., owner of the St. Louis Cardinals
- Bill DeWitt III, president of the St. Louis Cardinals<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Bradford Dillman, actor
- Arnold Hague, a United States geologist who did many geological surveys in the U.S., of which the best known was that for Yellowstone National Park
- Ruth Marcus, American political commentator and journalist
- John A. Hartwell, college football player and coach
- Jessica Tuck, American actress
- Tony Knowles, American politician and businessman who served as the seventh governor of Alaska
- Levi Jackson, the first African American to captain an Ivy League football team, was also the first African American member of a Yale secret society. Later, a high-ranking executive at Ford Motor Company<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Stanhope Wood Nixon, vice president and chairman of the board of the Nixon Nitration Works<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- William Proxmire, United States Senator (D) from Wisconsin from 1957 to 1989. An early critic of the Vietnam War, and an outspoken campaigner against wasteful government spending<ref name=":0">Richards, David Alan (2017). Skulls and keys: the hidden history of Yale's secret societies (First Pegasus Booksition ed.). Pegasus. Template:ISBN.</ref>
- William W. Scranton, Republican Governor of Pennsylvania from 1963 to 1967; United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 1976 to 1977<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
- Gaddis Smith, a historian who was the Larned Professor Emeritus of History at Yale University
- James W. Symington, United States House of Representatives<ref>1950 Yale Banner</ref>
- Frederick Vreeland, United States ambassador to Morocco
- H. Donald Wilson, the first president and one of the principal creators of the Lexis legal information system and Nexis
- Frank Shorter, the only American athlete to win two medals in the Olympic marathon.