Bilocation
Template:Short description Template:About Template:Paranormal Bilocation, or sometimes multilocation, is an alleged psychic or miraculous ability wherein an individual or object is located (or appears to be located) in two distinct places at the same time.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Reports of bilocational phenomena have been made in a wide variety of historical and religious contexts, ranging from ancient Greek legends and Christian traditions to modern occultism.
In ancient Greece
The ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras was said to have been capable of bilocation. According to Porphyry (writing several centuries after Pythagoras):
A similar story is told of Apollonius of Tyana, who was supposedly present simultaneously in Smyrna and Ephesus.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In religion and mysticism
The concept of bilocation has been linked with shamanism,<ref name= Znamenski>Template:Cite book</ref> Theosophy,<ref name=Olcott>Template:Cite book</ref> Islam (especially Sufism)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and Jewish mysticism.<ref name= Samuel>Template:Cite book</ref>
Hinduism and Buddhism
It is also one of the siddhis of Hinduism and Buddhism.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Several prominent Hindu gurus, including Neem Karoli Baba,<ref>Dass, Ram (1979) "Miracle of Love", Dutton edition, in English – 1st ed</ref> Sri Yukteswar<ref name="yogananda">Yogananda, Paramahansa (1997). Autobiography of a Yogi, 1997 Anniversary Edition. Self-Realization Fellowship (Founded by Yogananda) Template:ISBN.</ref> and Lahiri Mahasaya,<ref name = yogananda/> have been reported to have this ability.
Christianity
The history of Christianity contains many reports of miraculous bilocations. Among the earliest of these is the apparition of Our Lady of the Pillar. This is an alleged appearance of the Virgin Mary in Caesaraugusta, Spain, in the year 40Template:NbspAD, at a time when she is believed to have been still alive and living in Jerusalem.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Other Christian figures said to have experienced bilocation include Catherine de' Ricci, Saint Drogo,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Anthony of Padua,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Francis of Paola,<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Francis Xavier,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Martin de Porres,<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> María de Ágreda,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Alphonsus Liguori,<ref name=Liguori>Template:Cite book</ref> Gerard Majella<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and Padre Pio.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
However, some Catholic philosophers disagree as to whether a person can really be physically located in two places at once, or whether the bilocations of the saints only take the form of non-substantial apparitions.<ref>Template:Cite CE1913</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Witchcraft
In the 17th century, persons accused of witchcraft were often reported to appear to their victims in visions, even if they were known to be elsewhere at the time. The trials at Bury St. Edmunds and Salem included this "spectral evidence" against defendants. Matthew Hopkins described the phenomenon in his book The Discovery of Witches.
Occultism
Émilie Sagée, a French teacher working in 1845 in a boarding school in Latvia, was supposed to have had the ability of bilocation.<ref name=owen>Template:Cite book</ref>
New Religious Movements
The English occultist Aleister Crowley was reported by acquaintances to have the ability to bilocate, even though he said he was not conscious of its happening at the time.<ref>Booth, Martin (2000) "A Magick Life: Biography of Aleister Crowley", Hodder & Stoughton Ltd, Template:ISBN</ref>
Skepticism
Skeptical investigator Joe Nickell has written that there is no scientific evidence that bilocation is a real phenomenon and that cases are often from anecdotal reports that cannot be verified.<ref>Nickell, Joe. (1993). Looking for a Miracle: Weeping Icons, Relics, Stigmata, Visions & Healing Cures. Prometheus Books. pp. 216–218. Template:ISBN</ref>
Cultural influence
Bilocation figures heavily in David Lynch's film Lost Highway (1997) and both Thomas Pynchon's novel Against the Day (2006) and Tim Powers' novel Declare (2000). Bilocation also plays a part in the Christopher Priest novel The Prestige. Additionally, the phenomenon is explored in an episode of The X-Files, "Fight Club", and several season two episodes of Alcoa Presents One Step Beyond, including "Dead Ringer".
A mystical story that involved Soviet author Yevgeny Petrov served as inspiration for the film Envelope (2012), starring Kevin Spacey.
The phenomenon is one of the main ideas in Stephen King's fiction novel The Outsider, even mentioning real-life references on one occasion.
See also
References
Template:Parapsychology Template:Private revelation Template:Authority control