British Columbia Highway 16

Highway 16 is a highway in British Columbia, Canada. It is an important section of the Yellowhead Highway, a part of the Trans-Canada Highway that runs across Western Canada. The highway closely follows the path of the northern B.C. alignment of the Canadian National Railway (CN). The number "16" was first given to the highway in 1941, and originally, the route that the highway took was more to the north of today's highway, and it was not as long as it is now. Highway 16 originally ran from New Hazelton east to Aleza Lake. In 1948, Highway 16's western end was moved from New Hazelton to the coastal city of Prince Rupert, and in 1953, the highway was re-aligned to end at Prince George. In 1969, further alignment east into Yellowhead Pass was opened to traffic after being constructed up through 1968 and raised to all-weather standards in 1969. Highway 16's alignment on Haida Gwaii was commissioned in 1983<ref name="G1/83">Template:Cite book</ref> and is connected to the mainland segment via BC Ferries route #11.

A series of murders and disappearances has given the stretch between Prince Rupert and Prince George the name Highway of Tears.

Route description

Haida Gwaii section

The Template:Convert segment of the Template:Convert BC highway begins in the west in the village of Masset, on the northern coast of Graham Island. Proceeding south, the highway goes Template:Convert to the inlet town of Port Clements. Winding its way along the boundary of Naikoon Provincial Park, Highway 16 goes south for Template:Convert before reaching the community of Tlell. Template:Convert south of Tlell, Highway 16 reaches Skidegate, where its Haida Gwaii section terminates.

Mainland section

BC Ferries then takes Highway 16 across the Hecate Strait for Template:Convert due northeast to its landing at Prince Rupert.

Highway 16 heading west towards Prince Rupert from Terrace

From Prince Rupert, Highway 16 begins its winding route east through the Coast Mountain Ranges. Following the Skeena River, the highway travels for Template:Convert to the city of Terrace. Highway 37 merges onto Highway 16 from north of Highway 16, at the Kitwanga junction.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Another Template:Convert northeast, Highway 16 reaches New Hazelton, where it then veers southeast along the Bulkley River. Template:Convert later, the highway reaches the town of Smithers, proceeding southeast another Template:Convert to the village of Houston.

Along the Skeena River, near Kitwanga

At Houston, Highway 16 begins a parallel course along the upper course of the Bulkley River, proceeding Template:Convert east to its junction with Highway 35, south of Burns Lake. Template:Convert east, after passing through the hamlet of Fraser Lake, Highway 16 reaches its junction with Highway 27 in the town of Vanderhoof. Template:Convert east of Vanderhoof, Highway 16 reaches its B.C. midpoint as it enters the city of Prince George at its junction with Highway 97. Highway 16 leaves Prince George after coursing through the city for Template:Convert.

Passing through Mt. Robson Provincial Park.

Template:Convert east of Prince George, Highway 16 reaches the community of Dome Creek, where it converges with the Fraser River and turns southeast. It follows the Fraser River upstream for Template:Convert to McBride, then continues upstream for another Template:Convert to its junction with Highway 5 at Tête Jaune Cache. Template:Convert east of Tête Jaune Cache, Highway 16 enters Mount Robson Provincial Park, coursing through the park for Template:Convert to the boundary between British Columbia and Alberta within Yellowhead Pass.

Construction and upgrading

Prince George–New Hazelton

In August 1925, this section opened<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> with the completion of the Burns Lake–Endako link.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>

New Hazelton–Kitwanga

Highway extended west of New Hazelton by about Template:Convert in 1927–28<ref name=PW28>Template:Cite report</ref> and another Template:Convert in 1928–29.<ref name=PW29>Template:Cite report</ref> By 1931–32, Kitwanga–Hazelton was rated fairly good.<ref name=PW32>Template:Cite report</ref> By mid-1943, the condition was rated rough, awaiting tendering of reconstruction contracts.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Kitwanga–Usk

By 1931–32, Cedarvale–Kitwanga was rated passable. For Usk–Cedarvale, several segments were under construction.<ref name="PW32" /> During 1936–1941, a series of Template:Convert stretches were completed,<ref>Template:Cite report
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Template:Cite report</ref> which included replacing sections washed out by the 1936 flood.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> By 1937, the Usk–Cedarvale gap still remained on the southeast shore.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

By 1940, a Template:Convert gap remained.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1943, progress reactivated.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> In May 1944, the gap completed<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> comprised the Pacific–Cedarvale section.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Usk–Terrace

Highway extended east of Terrace by about Template:Convert in 1927–28<ref name="PW28" /> and another Template:Convert in 1928–29.<ref name="PW29" /> In September 1929, Terrace–Usk section completed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Terrace–Prince Rupert

• 1927: Aerial reconnaissance to identify possible routes was unsuccessful.
• 1928: Galloway Rapids–Phelan, about Template:Convert cleared. Phelan station was about Template:Convert south of present Port Edward.
• 1930: Galloway Rapids bridge built. Over prior few years, a narrow, winding, gravel road had been cut from the Prince Rupert city limits. A road east from the bridge began.
• Early 1930s: Great Depression relief crews extended road eastward.
• 1935: Completed about Template:Convert eastward to Kloiya Bay. Preliminary decision made to progress a highway eastward rather than via Port Edward and south along the shoreline. Within a few years, a narrow, rough road followed the shores of Taylor and Pudhomme lakes.
• 1938: Option of a route via present Kitimat was rejected.
• 1942: US entry into World War II prompted the building of a highway to move troops in response to a potential Japanese invasion. That year, construction contracts were awarded. Significant parts of the CN right-of-way were appropriated for the highway and the track realigned. A total of 45 bridges would be prefabricated.
• 1943: Working 24/7, progress hampered by high employee turnover owing to cold and wet summer weather.<ref name=BCHis95>Template:Cite journal</ref> That February, five snowslides buried a construction camp near Kwinitsa, killing two and injuring 11.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• 1944: "Skeena Highway" officially opened in September. However, the road in many places was a narrow winding trail hugging the railway tracks. With the Japanese invasion threat long passed, the road was not snowplowed that winter.
• 1945: Route no longer possessed military value. The federal government initially maintained control because the province did not want to assume maintenance costs.<ref name="BCHis95" />
• 1946: Province took over the highway.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• 1951: Highway was paved. The following winter was the first time snowplowing was used to keep the highway open.
• 1970: Highway rerouted and repaved.
• 1972: January and February brought the heaviest snowfalls and longest road closures.
• 1974: January snowslide about Template:Convert west of Terrace buried motel/restaurant/gas station complex, killing seven people.
• Late 1960s: Prince Rupert–Tyee reconstruction.
• 1980s: Kasiks, Tyee, and Esker railway overpasses erected.
• 1989: Falling ice at Car Wash Rock, about Template:Convert east of Exchamsiks River Provincial Park, killed a motorist.
• Early 1990s: Hazardous Tyee–Khyex section realigned.<ref name="BCHis95" />
• 2020s: Despite promises to rectify, the Car Wash Rock site remains hazardous.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> About Template:Convert farther east, the Mile 28 project to replace the railway crossing with an overpass has stalled.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Highway of Tears

Template:Main The Highway of Tears is a stretch of Highway 16 between Prince George and Prince Rupert.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Since 1970, numerous women have gone missing or have been murdered along the Template:Convert section of highway.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Aboriginal organizations speculate that number ranges above forty.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2016, the Canadian government launched the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women after communicating with victim families. This was done to find methods of slowing the violence within the Indigenous population.

In September 2020 a totem pole honouring missing and murdered Indigenous women was raised on the highway just outside Terrace.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Major intersections

From west to east, the following intersections are observed along Highway 16.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Distances exclude the Template:Convert ferry between Skidegate and Prince Rupert. Template:BCinttop Template:BCint Template:BCint Template:Jctplace Template:Jctplace Template:Jctplace Template:Jctplace Template:BCint Template:BCint Template:Jctplace Template:BCint Template:BCint Template:BCint Template:Jctplace Template:Jctplace Template:Jctplace Template:BCint Template:BCint Template:Jctplace Template:BCint Template:Jctplace Template:BCint Template:BCint Template:BCint Template:BCint Template:BCint Template:Jctplace Template:BCint Template:BCint Template:Jctplace Template:BCint Template:Jctplace Template:Jctplace Template:Jctint Template:Jctbtm

External links

• Official Numbered Routes in British Columbia
• Travel BC Yellowhead Highway information.
• Call for RCMP action on highway of tears