Terrace, British Columbia
Template:Use Canadian English Template:Infobox settlement Terrace is a city in the Skeena region of west central British Columbia, Canada. This regional hub lies east of the confluence of the Kitsumkalum River into the Skeena River.<ref>Template:BCGNIS</ref> On BC Highway 16, junctions branch northward for the Nisga'a Highway (BC Highway 113) to the west and southward for the Stewart–Cassiar Highway (BC Highway 37) to the east. The locality is by road about Template:Cvt southwest of Smithers and Template:Cvt east of Prince Rupert. Transportation links are the Northwest Regional Airport Terrace-Kitimat, a passenger train, and bus services.
History
First Nations and early explorers
The Kitsumkalum and Kitselas, who have inhabited the area for about 6,000 years, traded with other villages along the Skeena. From the 1780s, European and Russian fur traders passed through. From the mid-1800s, the forestry, mining and salmon resources drew new settlers.Template:Sfn
The Kitsumkalum First Nation own the Kitsumkaylum Indian Reserve No. 1 which is immediately west of Kitsumkalum River.<ref>Template:BCGNIS</ref> The Tsimshian word for Terrace is ganeexs (meaning "ladder" or "steps"), likely a reference to the stepped terraces of the surrounding landscape.Template:Sfn
Steamboat era
The first sternwheeler to attempt the Skeena was the Union in 1865, which transported supplies for the construction of the Collins Overland Telegraph line. The Mumford, which was the replacement the next year, may have reached Template:Cvt upstream on the Skeena from the Kitsumkalum mouth (Terrace),<ref>Template:Cite journal
Template:Cite journal
Template:Cite journal</ref> but travel beyond the mouth may have been by canoe only.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Over the following decades, river traffic increased. Settlements and woodpile fuel stops developed along the riverbanks.Template:Sfn In 1912, the only two sternwheelers remaining on the Skeena were the Hudson's Bay Company's (HBC) Port Simpson and the chartered Foley, Welch and Stewart (FW&S) Inlander, which the Skeena segment of the railway made redundant that year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Inaugurated in 1970,Template:Sfn the Riverboat Days festival held each summer acknowledges this steamboat heritage.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Pioneer settlers
In 1892, Tom Thornhill was the first European settler in the area,<ref name=31Mar64>Template:Cite web</ref> establishing a homestead on what became Thornhill Landing<ref>Template:BCGNIS</ref> and is remembered in the naming of Thornhill and the creek.<ref>Template:BCGNIS</ref> Formerly, the general area was known as Little Canyon.Template:Sfn named such to identify as not being the big canyon.
In 1898, George Little journeyed west from Ontario for the Klondike Gold Rush. He left the Yukon in 1905 and landed at Kitimat, from where he came north to the Skeena.<ref name=9Jan56>Template:Cite web</ref> That year, he pre-empted Template:Cvt centred around the foot of present Kalum Street.Template:Sfn Harry Frank, who had taken up the first pre-emption in the district that year,<ref name="31Mar64" /> had been visiting the area since 1894.Template:Sfn Over the following decades, the Frank Bros Dairy, immediately west of the village, became the preeminent farm.Template:Sfn
Arriving in 1907, Edward (Ed) Eby established a settlementTemplate:Sfn in the vicinity of present lower Frank St.Template:Sfn The place was briefly called Forester before becoming Kitsumkalum.Template:Sfn He built a small hotel and general store. The next year, the post office opened in the store.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1912, the hotel and store at the landing closed and were demolished.Template:Sfn
Designated a national historic site in 1996, the cemetery was established in 1909.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> That year, George Little began sawmilling in the area. The next year, he opened a general store<ref name="9Jan56" /> and laid out the townsite on his property. The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (GTP) surveyors originally intended the townsite be near Kitsumkalum, but when George offered<ref name="31Mar64" /> to donate Template:Cvt of his land<ref name="9Jan56" /> for the railway right-of-way, station, and railyard, the GTP gladly accepted. In appreciation, the GTP allowed him to name the station.<ref name="31Mar64" /> The earliest newspaper mention of the Littleton station name was August 1911<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and of the Terrace location name was September 1911.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
George Little was the inaugural postmaster 1912–1931.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Since a Lyttleton post office existed in New Brunswick,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the postal authorities demanded a new name. George chose Terrace<ref name="9Jan56" /> to highlight the surrounding stepped landforms.Template:Sfn
Earlier community
In 1913, a constable was stationed<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> during the GTP construction.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Designated a national historic site in 2006, some accounts indicate the former British Columbia Provincial Police (BCPP) building on the Lakelse Ave / Kalum Street corner was erected in 1912.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> However, 1913 appears more precise.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> That year, Knox Presbyterian Church<ref name=15May13>Template:Cite web</ref> and St. Matthews Anglican Church were also built<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and a co-op store established.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
A Roman Catholic Church was dedicated in 1915 but was replaced by a new building at a different location in 1917.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Terrace Drugs opened next to the Terrace Hotel around 1918.Template:Sfn The next year, a branch of the Bank of Montreal arrived.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1921, the legion hall was built.Template:Sfn The next year, the liquor store opened<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the co-op closed.Template:Sfn In December 1927, Terrace was incorporated as a village.<ref name=OIC>Template:Cite web</ref>
In early 1931, fire destroyed the Agar's Garage<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and months later the power plant, putting the town in darkness.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> That year, Fred Bishop built a 100-seat theatre to show silent movies. He had been using the Oddfellows Hall since 1923. In 1933, he relocated and his theatre closed.<ref name=29Sep13>Template:Cite web</ref> Restored in early 1932,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the electricity generating plant was again destroyed by fire late the following year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Agar's Garage was also badly damaged at this time.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A lengthy delay occurred before power was restored.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
During the mid-1930s to mid-1940s, Terrace had no bank after the Bank of Montreal closed.<ref name=15Apr17>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1938, the government liquor store and government telegraph office were destroyed by fire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The next year, heavy snow collapsed the legion hall roof.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
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In 1942, a military camp was constructed which would house about 3,000 soldiers during World War II.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1943, Charlie Adam built a theatre to entertain the troops and highway workers.<ref name="29Sep13" /> In 1944, the one-week Terrace mutiny occurred at the military camp<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and a new co-op store opened.Template:Sfn In 1945, fire destroyed the village power plant,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the BC Power Commission took over the electricity supply the following month.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Post-World War II community
In 1946, a surplus Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) appliance became the first village fire truck.Template:Sfn That year, a branch of the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) opened.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1949, Knox United Church burned down.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1950, the rebuilt Knox United Church opened.<ref name="15May13" /> In 1954, Charlie Adam built the then Tillicum Theatre in its present location.<ref name="29Sep13" /> In 1955, the civic centre (former army mess hall) was destroyed by fire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1958, a new civic centre was built in George Little Park.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> From 1958 to the late 1970s, the Tillicum Drive-in existed.<ref name="29Sep13" /> In 1959, a dial telephone system replaced switchboard operators.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> St. Matthews Anglican Church building was relocated within town in the late 1950s and to the Gitanyow Reserve in 1971.Template:Sfn
In 1960, the BC Hydro electricity supply switched from a local diesel plant to transmission lines from the Kemano Generating Station.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1964, the present municipal building opened.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn About this time, the Anglicans bought the Dutch Reformed building when that congregation relocated.Template:Sfn In 1965, the Knox United Church building was moved to the present site, enlarged, and dedicated the next year.<ref name="15May13" /> At that time, Terrace had six hotels and seven motels.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1967, the present Terrace Public Library and Museum building opened.Template:Sfn Bill Young, who took over the movie venues that year, added a second indoor theatre in 1974.<ref name="29Sep13" /> In 1968, The Terrace Shopping Centre opened on the former LH&K sawmill site.Template:Sfn
In 1971, a blaze consumed the older section of the Terrace Hotel.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Opening the next year were the new six-storey Terrace HotelTemplate:Sfn and the Terrace Arena (since renamed Terrace Sportsplex).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1978, the Skeena Mall opened. The former Roman Catholic Church had been located in what became the parking lot.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Established in 1983, the Terrace Heritage Park Museum was designated a national historic site in 1996.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Terrace incorporated as a district municipality in January 1987.<ref name="OIC" />
In 1993, a fire razed the 3200 block of Kalum Street destroying several historical commercial buildings.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
In 1998, the co-op store closed.<ref name=14Jun22>Template:Cite web</ref>
Later community
In 2003, a time capsule was buried in Heritage Park to be opened in 2078.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The next year, the Walmart store opened.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2005, the SAAN store, present in Terrace since 1979, closed.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The city bought the co-op property in 2005, and demolished the shopping centre structure in 2011 and former garden centre in 2022.<ref name="14Jun22" />
In 2006, the Terrace & District Credit Union, which was founded in 1945, merged with Northern Savings.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2007, Phase I of the Terrace Sportsplex, which included a new ice arena, was completed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2010, Terrace hosted the BC Winter Games.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> In 2017, fire destroyed the building which housed the original Bank of Montreal branch.<ref name="15Apr17" />
In 2023, the Métis negotiated a deal to buy the former co-op property, arranging finalization in June 2024.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Geography
In the vicinity, the Skeena River includes rock outcroppings, gravel and sandbars, wetlands, sloughs, and islands. Significant regular floods have eroded the riverbanks, destroyed landings, and exposed archaeological sites. Over 25,000 years ago, the river cut through glaciers to create the benches (stepped terraces) and deposited well-drained sandy loamy soils suited for agriculture.
The surrounding ecosystem is a hybrid coastal-interior rainforest, which consists primarily of western red cedar, western hemlock, amabilis fir or "balsam" and Sitka spruce. The Hazelton Mountains are to the east, and the Kitimat Ranges of the Coast Mountains are to the west. The north–south active fault line through the Kitsumkalum-Kitimat Valley has created many hot springs in the area.Template:Sfn
Climate
Being close to the Pacific Coast, Terrace has a continental climate (Köppen Dfb), closely bordering on an oceanic climate (Cfb) depending on the isotherm used. It has wet, cold winters (though much milder than inland places) and drier, warm summers, with an annual normal mean temperature of Template:Cvt varying between average temperature in January of Template:Cvt and in July Template:Cvt. Average summer (June to August) temperatures are around Template:Cvt, but temperatures over Template:Cvt have been recorded in every month from May to September and a maximum of Template:Cvt was recorded on 29 July 2009. The coldest temperature ever recorded was Template:Cvt on 16 December 1964.<ref name=CCN71951/>
Terrace receives an average annual rainfall of Template:Cvt and snowfall of Template:Cvt, water equivalence of Template:Cvt; totalling Template:Cvt of precipitation,<ref name=CCN71951/> which is enough to sustain the lush vegetation of the area. October to February are the wettest months. Predominant winds are from the west and southwest, but occasional northerners during the winter bring snow in.
Template:Terrace, British Columbia weatherbox
Demographics
Template:Historical populations In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Terrace had a population of 12,017 living in 4,873 of its 5,200 total private dwellings, a change of Template:Percentage from its 2016 population of 11,643. With a land area of Template:Cvt, it had a population density of Template:Pop density in 2021.<ref name=2021census>Template:Cite web</ref>
Religion
While many Sikhs in sawmill-based towns throughout the interior relocated to urban areas during the 1990s and 2000s, Terrace experienced growth in the Sikh population between 2011 and 2021 after two decades of decline.<ref>Nayar, The Punjabis in British Columbia, p. 27.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Ethnicity
As of the 2021 census in the Terrace census agglomeration area, the panethnic breakdown is European (Template:Percentage), Indigenous (Template:Percentage), South Asian (Template:Percentage), East Asian (Template:Percentage), Southeast Asian (Template:Percentage), African (Template:Percentage), Latin American (Template:Percentage), and Middle Eastern (Template:Percentage).<ref name="census2021B">Template:Cite web</ref>
Education
In 1911–12, the Kitsumkalum School opened,<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> which also served Terrace.
In 1920–21, three classrooms were added.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> In 1924–25, the Kitsumkalum School rose to superior school status.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> In 1925–26, the Kitsumkalum Superior School rose to high school status.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>
In 1938–39, the high and elementary schools were renamed Terrace.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>
The 1946 implementation of the 1945 Cameron Report into BC school financing and administration created centralized larger districts. The establishment of School District 53 (Terrace) included the dissolving of such local school boards.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> Later mergers created School District 82 Coast Mountains.
In 1953, Skeena Secondary School was built.Template:Sfn In 1955, Riverside became the elementary school name.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> This school had been housed in former army buildings since 1948.<ref name=GentTerAer>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1956, Uplands Elementary opened.Template:Sfn In January 1958, 270 pupils from Riverside moved into the new eight-classroom Cassie Hall Elementary.Template:Sfn
In November 1963, further Riverside pupils moved into the new four-classroom Clarence Michiel Elementary.Template:Sfn In 1967, E.T. Kenney Elementary opened.Template:Sfn In September 1968, Caledonia Senior Secondary School opened.Template:Sfn In 1969, Parkside Elementary openedTemplate:Sfn and Riverside closed.<ref name="GentTerAer" />
In 2003, a completely rebuilt Skeena Middle School (previously called Skeena Junior Secondary) opened.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
In 2010, E.T. Kenney closed and the students moved to Clarence Michiel (later renamed Suwilaawks).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> That year, a never used and vacant for years school building opened as École Mountainview.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Operating at the secondary level are Caledonia Secondary School (grades 10–12),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Parkside Secondary School (alternate),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Skeena Middle School (grades 7–9).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
At the elementary level (grades K–6) are Cassie Hall Elementary School,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> École Mountainview (French Immersion),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Suwilaawks Community School,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Uplands Elementary School.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The two private schools are Veritas School (Roman Catholic) (grades K–9)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (1959)Template:Sfn and Centennial Christian School (interdenominational) (preschool–grade 12)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (1969). Spring Creek Adventist School (1951)Template:Sfn appears to have closed in the later 2010s.
Tertiary institutions are the main campus of the Coast Mountain College (1968)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and a regional campus of the University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (2000).Template:Sfn
Transport
Railway
In late October 1910, the eastward advance of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway rail head from Prince Rupert reached the Kitsumkalum River.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In early November 1910, tracklaying passed over this completed bridge at Mile 91<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and through mile 100 (Vanarsdol).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1911, the standard-design Plan 100‐152 (Bohi's Type E) station building was erected.<ref name=Bohi>Template:Cite book</ref> The next year, when a roadmaster riding eastward on a railway motorcycle collided with an oncoming locomotive, he was fatally flung into the Skeena.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1927, a falling rock about one mile east of Terrace crashed through the roof of a westbound Canadian National Railway (CN) baggage car killing an employee.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1929, an addition to the station enlarged the waiting room and the agent accommodation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In June 1955, a Prince Rupert–Kitimat passenger shuttle began on a trial basis, which replaced the Kitimat mixed train.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The line officially opened the next month,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the Kitimat station was completed later in the year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In April 1957, the shuttle discontinued west of Terrace.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In April 1958, when passenger rail was discontinued to Kitimat,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a private bus operator took over the route.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1988, Via Rail erected a stationette.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Sfn
Built around 1914 and designated a national historic site in 1982,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the George Little House was moved to its present location in 2004.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The next year, the renovated main floor became tourism facilities and the Via Rail waiting room, replacing the stationette.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
The Terrace station serves Via Rail's Jasper–Prince Rupert train.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Road transport
In 1920, a Terrace–Lakelse bus service began.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By the early 1920s, wagon roads extended north to Kitsumkalum Lake, south to Lakelse Lake, west to Remo, and east to Copper River. Trails existed beyond these points.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>
The highway grew east and west of Terrace over the following decades, the key event being the completion of the Prince Rupert–Prince George route in 1944.
By 1955, a Prince Rupert–Terrace–Smithers bus service existed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In November 1957, when Highway 25 to Kitimat officially opened, the final Template:Cvt were unfinished. A Caterpillar D9 dragged the first vehicle over this section.<ref name=BCHis10>Template:Cite journal</ref> In 1958, a Template:Cvt stretch of the Stewart–Cassiar Highway was completed,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> which connected the Nass Valley and Terrace.Template:Sfn That year, Western Coach Lines inaugurated a Prince Rupert–Prince George bus service,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> which included a scheduled stop at Terrace.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The next year, the company withdrew the service.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1960, when Prince Coach Lines assumed the Prince Rupert–Prince George route, only Template:Cvt was paved. In 1966, when Canadian Coachways bought the company, only Template:Cvt was still gravel.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1970, Greyhound Canada purchased Canadian Coachways.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>
Prior to ceasing all intraprovincial services in October 2018, Greyhound had eliminated the Prince Rupert–Prince George run that June.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> BC Bus North immediately assumed the route.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The current passenger transit providers are BC Bus North<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and BC Transit.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Ferries and road bridges
Around 1907, the Braun's Island bridge was built.Template:Sfn Prior to completion of the Kitsumkalum River rail bridge in late 1910, a ferry operator used a rope to pull a rowboat ferry at the crossing.Template:Sfn In 1911, a road bridge was constructed.Template:Sfn
In 1912,<ref name=Clapp>Template:Cite book</ref> a bridge was built to connect Ferry Road (now called Haugland Avenue) and Ferry Island, and a ferry was installed across the main channel of the Skeena.<ref name=GentTerFer>Template:Cite web</ref> In June 1913, high water swept away the bridge.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Thornhill–Terrace cable ferry crossed the Skeena from near the mouth of Thornhill Creek to the island.<ref name="GentTerFer" /> The scow was a reaction ferry, but being much slower than later reaction pontoons, it required assistance by pulling on a rope when the current was weak.<ref name="Clapp" /> That October, when a worker was attempting to clear a snag on the lower cable of the ferry, he fell and drowned.<ref name="GentTerFer" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The replacement bridge built the following winter was a howe truss.<ref name="GentTerFer" />
In 1918–19, a Template:Cvt pontoon reaction ferry was installed.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>
In 1921, the cable snapped sending the ferry downstream where the four people on board had a narrow escape.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The badly damaged vessel appears to have been repaired.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>
In July 1925, the single-lane Old Skeena Bridge officially opened,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the ferry was discontinued.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>
In 1936, high water washed out four timber spans of the trestle approach on the south side of the bridge, which required the installation of a temporary catwalk.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The building of the adjacent railway bridge for the Kitimat branch in 1953 prompted a major reconstruction and renovation of the highway bridge. On realignment, many new spans and concrete piers were added, a new hardwood deck was installed, and the approaches changed.<ref name=OSB>Template:Cite web</ref>
The new (Dudley Little) Skeena River Bridge,<ref name="OSB" /> costing $6.4 million, officially opened in October 1975. The two-lane roadway comprised a Template:Cvt bridge over the west channel, a Template:Cvt embankment across Ferry Island, and a Template:Cvt bridge over the main channel.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
In 2001, a grated steel deck replaced the wooden one on the Old Skeena Bridge. Up to that time, the structure had been the longest one-lane, wood-decked, curved bridge in North America. In 2005, the bridge was designated a national historic site.<ref name="OSB" /> During 2022–2023, the bridge underwent a $22.6 million rehabilitation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Agriculture
Early settlers placed limited value on timber, believing agriculture was the future. Orchards of apples, pears, plums, cherries, and berries flourished. Various vegetables thrived, while much of the timber was burned as waste.Template:Sfn
Terrace possesses the most favourable climatic conditions for agriculture in the Prince Rupert hinterland. The location is sufficiently close to the ocean to have the summer advantages of a marine climate offering a long frost-free period and higher night-time temperatures, yet sufficiently inland to experience relatively high day-time temperatures.<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>
By 1920, this climate advantage had created a reputation for fine strawberries, fruit, and potatoes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Forestry
The forest industry drove the development of Terrace.Template:Sfn The small Lillesberg sawmill opened in 1908, burned down in 1909, and was not rebuilt.Template:Sfn That year, George Little established a small mill in the area,<ref name="9Jan56" /> which became a substantial operation in 1911,Template:Sfn and was described as a large lumber mill in 1915.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During and following World War I, numerous small sawmills came and went.Template:Sfn
When fire destroyed the Little's mill in 1921, most of the lumber and logs were saved.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The mill was immediately rebuilt.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During the 1920s, Terrace was known as the "pole capital of the world".Template:Sfn Over 50,000 poles were manufactured annually to supply many parts of North America with telephone and electric power poles. The world's tallest pole, Template:Cvt long, was cut in Terrace and stands in New York City.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1936, Little, Haugland and Kerr (LH&K) bought the George Little mill, which by 1940 was the largest employer in Terrace.Template:Sfn
In 1943, fire completely gutted the mill.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1948, Columbia Cellulose was granted logging rights covering Template:Cvt near Terrace, where its woodlands division was established, creating a post-war development boom.Template:Sfn The Sandes mill, which employed 100 workers at its peak, operated 1946–1968.Template:Sfn
In 1952, the Pohle Lumber mill relocated to Terrace.Template:Sfn In 1956, Joslyn Manufacturing and Supply Co bought LH&K<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but closed the Terrace mill soon after purchase.Template:Sfn In 1959, fire consumed the Pohle sawmill, planer mill, several boxcars, and stacks of finished lumber.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The 1960 rebuild was an electrically powered modern mill.Template:Sfn
By the mid-1960s, concerns were expressed about Terrace being totally dependant upon the lumber industry.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1969 Columbia Cellulose purchased the Pohle Lumber mill operations.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1981, Canadian Cellulose was renamed BC Timber. In 1984, BC Timber was renamed Westar Timber. In 1986, Skeena Cellulose, a subsidiary of Repap Industries, bought the Westar assets. In 1988, Repap opened a new $45 million sawmill on the Pohle site in Terrace, which closed in 2001. Terrace Lumber Co ran this mill intermittently during 2005–2006.Template:Sfn
Healthcare
During the railway construction, Foley, Welch and Stewart (FW&S), the GTP prime contractor, established rudimentary medical facilities to treat injured workers along the route. Dr. Seymour Traynor, who arrived in 1910, had premises on Kalum Street. After GTP construction activities moved on, he remained until 1916. During World War I, the Terrace Hotel at Kalum Street and Greig Avenue was converted into a temporary hospital, where patients from the Spanish flu epidemic were treated by volunteer nurses.
After the war, several doctors practised from a small wooden medical building near the foot of Kalum Street, which Dr. Traynor built during a brief return to Terrace in 1919. The facility became a one-bed hospital with an x-ray machine in 1927. Dr. Stanley Gordon Mills, one of the first permanent doctors, arrived around 1930. His wife, Edith, a registered nurse, partnered in the medical care. During the 1936 Skeena flood, the United Church manse was converted into a temporary hospital. During World War II, a 300-bed military hospital was erected on the bench, on property now partly occupied by Terraceview Lodge.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
After the war, the buildings were used for senior care and psychiatric patients but were considered too distant for a community hospital. In 1948, a 10-bed Red Cross outpost hospital opened on Haugland Ave. In 1951, the community assumed control, and the capacity soon doubled to 20 beds. In 1961, the 40-bed Terrace and District Hospital officially opened. The next year, the facility was renamed the Mills Memorial Hospital. In 1968, beds increased and an intensive care unit and a new laboratory and X-ray department were added. In 1977, a $6.3 million expansion was undertaken.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2021, Northern Health started building a 78-bed replacement for the current hospital at the northern end of the site. The new and larger Seven Sisters regional mental-health facility will increase from 20 beds to 25.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Substantial completion and occupation was completed in 2024. However, final completion of the project will be in 2025.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In November 2024, Mills Memorial Hospital was renamed the Ksyen Regional Hospital.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It officially opened its doors to patients on November 24, 2024.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Culture and leisure
The McColl Playhouse (former Zion Baptist Church) has housed the Terrace Little Theatre since 1953. The REM Lee Theatre and the Pacific Northwest Music Festival have hosted regional artists since 1955.Template:Sfn
The Kermodei Tourism Society (KTS) is the co-ordinator that promotes the development and marketing of tourism opportunities in Terrace and the surrounding region. The value of heritage visitors is especially recognized, who are drawn by both indigenous cultural heritage and historic locations within the city. The outdoor lifestyle is also emphasized.Template:Sfn
During the summer, Terrace offers many outdoor activities, such as fishing for a wide range of freshwater fish, mountain biking, hiking, kiting and hunting in the surrounding areas. In the fall, many of Terrace's inhabitants go out to search for pine mushrooms (Tricholoma magnivelare), and pick berries. There is a variety of winter sports available in Terrace and the surrounding region including skiing and snowboarding at nearby Shames Mountain, as well as snowmobiling, ice fishing, curling, and ice skating.Template:Fact
In 2000, the Grand Trunk Pathway officially opened.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2023, the western extension of the pathway was nearing completion.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In May 2024, the Grand Trunk Pathway was renamed the Xpilaxha – Charles and Emma Nelson Trail in honour of the couple’s contributions to the region.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Media
Newspapers
In 1914, plans were announced for the Terrace News Letter<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but its launch is unclear. During 1915–1917, the Terrace Dispatch newspaper was published.<ref>Template:Cite web
Template:Cite web
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Established in early 1920,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the Terrace News<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> existed at least until 1922.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The interpretation of a 1934 mention of the Terrace News is uncertain.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
By the early 1940s, the Omineca Herald at Hazelton had been renamed the Omineca Herald & Terrace Times.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1949, the name changed to the Terrace Omineca HeraldTemplate:Sfn and the paper moved from New Hazelton.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By the early 1960s, the title was the Terrace Herald.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1984, the paper ceased publication.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Terrace Review published 1985–1992.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1988, the first issue of the Terrace Standard was printed.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Terrace Daily Online existed from about 2007<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> to 2012.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Joining the mainstay Terrace Standard,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the Skeena Reporter was launched in 2023.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Radio
- AM 590 – CFTK, adult contemporary
- FM 92.1 – CFNR-FM, First Nations community / classic rock
- FM 95.3 – CBTH-FM, CBC Radio One (repeats CFPR, Prince Rupert)
- FM 96.9 – CBUF-FM-3, Ici Radio-Canada Première (repeats CBUF-FM, Vancouver)
- FM 103.1 – CJFW-FM, country
Television
- Channel 3 – CFTK-TV, CTV 2 owned-and-operated station.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Notable people
- William Anderson, (1950– ), religious leader, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Robin Austin, (1958– ), businessman and politician, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Ian Bagg, (1969– ), comedian, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Rachel Blaney, (1974– ), politician, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Ambur Braid, soprano, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Caleb Brousseau, (1988– ), para-alpine skier, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Roxanne Chow, (1979– ), soccer player, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Paul Clark (1957– ), paralympic athlete, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Glen Cochrane, (1958– ), ice hockey player, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Eddie Evans, (1964– ), rugby union player, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Wade Flaherty, (1968– ), ice hockey player, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Alayne Fleischmann, (197?– ), lawyer, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Darril Fosty, (1968– ), author and journalist, place of birth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Helmut Giesbrecht, (1943–2020), politician, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Larry Guno, (1940–2005), lawyer and politician, resident and place of death.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Jason Haldane, (1971– ), volleyball player, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Michelle Hendry, (1970– ), basketball player, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Frank Howard, (1925–2011), politician, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Edward Tourtellotte Kenney, (1888–1974), politician, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- David Kozier, (1978– ), ice hockey player, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Dale Kushner, (1966– ), ice hockey player, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=22Jun88>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Craig Levie, (1959– ), ice hockey player, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Dudley George Little, (1914–1972), politician, place of birth, resident, and place of death.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Peter Mallon, (1929–2007), religious leader, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Bradley Mills, (1983– ), ice hockey player, place of birth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Brooks McNiven, (1981– ), baseball player, place of birth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Dave Parker, (1940– ), politician, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Crystal Pite, (1970– ), choreographer, place of birth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Rudy Poeschek, (1966– ), ice hockey player, resident.<ref name="22Jun88" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Aaron Pritchett, (1970– ), country music singer, place of birth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Joe Ruelle, (1978– ), author, place of birth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Jeff Sharples, (1967– ), ice hockey player, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Brenda Silsbe, (1953– ), children's author, place of birth and resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- George Stanley, (1934– ), poet, resident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Notes
See also
Footnotes
References
External links
- Maps
- Resources near Terrace map. 1925. Template:Cite web
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