Cherkessk

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox Russian inhabited locality Cherkessk (Template:Langx; Adyghe: Шэрджэс къалэ; Kabardian: Черкес-къалэ) is the capital city of Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, as well as its political, economic, and cultural center. Population: Template:Ru-census2010 112,782 (2024).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

It was previously known as Batalpashinskaya (until 1931), Batalpashinsk (until 1934), Sulimov (until 1937), Yezhovo-Cherkessk (until 1939).

Names

In Russian, the city is called Template:Lang (Čerkessk)<ref name=KNAB>Template:Cite web</ref> and has similar names in the languages of the city's other major ethnic groups. In Karachay, it is Template:Lang (Çerkessk)<ref name=KNAB/> or Template:Lang (Çerkessk şahar); in Kabardian, it is Template:Lang (Şărdjăs qală) or Template:Lang (Čerkessk);<ref name=KNAB/> in Abaza, it is Template:Lang (Čerkes q̇ala) or Template:Lang (Čerkessk);<ref name=KNAB/> in Nogai, it is Template:Lang (Şerkeş şahar) and in Chechen, it is Template:Lang (Čerkessk).

For its first century of existence, Cherkessk was a stanitsa, a village inside a Cossack host, which from 1825 to 1931 was named Batalpashinskaya stanitsa (Russian: Template:Lang Batalpašinskaja stanica)<ref name=KNAB/> and nicknamed Pashinka (Template:Lang Pašinka) In 1931, it was renamed Batalpashinsk (Template:Lang Batałpašinsk),<ref name=GR>Города России: Черкесск. Энциклопедия — М.: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. И. Кондратьева, 1994. Template:In lang</ref><ref name=KNAB/> and then in quick succession Sulimov (Template:Lang Sulimov) in 1934<ref name=GR/><ref name=KNAB/> for Daniil Sulimov, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR, and following Sulimov's execution in the Great Purge, Yezhovo-Cherkessk (Template:Lang Ježovo-Čerkessk) in 1937<ref name=GR/><ref name=KNAB/> for Nikolai Yezhov, head of the NKVD. With Yezhov's arrest, the initial "Yezhovo-" was dropped, and the city received its present name in 1939.<ref name=GR/><ref name=KNAB/>

History

Extract from the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee

What is now Cherkessk was established in 1804 as a Russian military fort on the Kuban River, what was then the border with Circassia, on the spot where in 1790 Russian troops under the command of General Johann Hermann von Fersen (Ivan Ivanovich Herman fon Fersen) defeated the Ottoman Batal Pasha.<ref name=GR/> In honor of the victory over Batal Pasha, the fort was named Batalpashinskaya; it was a redoubt surrounded by an earthen rampart and ditch.<ref name=GR/> (That the fort was named for an enemy leader may have led villagers to prefer the nickname Pashinka.)

Friendship of the People's Monument

The settlement itself was founded as the Cossack stanitsa of Batalpashinskaya near the Russian Army outpost. The officially recognized year of founding of Batalpashinskaya and modern Cherkessk is 1825. However, the Cossack settlers from the Khopyour and Kuban regiments began arriving in the newly organized stanitsa not earlier than spring of 1826.<ref>В. А. Колесников. Былое Невинного Мыса. К 185-летию переселения Хопёрского казачьего полка на Кубань и основания станицы Невиномысской. Ставрополь. «ЮРКИТ» 2011. Template:In lang</ref> In 1860, the village was designated as the administrative center of the Batalpashinsky Otdel of the Kuban Oblast.<ref name=GR/> A decree of 30 December 1869 by Tsar Alexander II transformed the village into a city of Batalpashinsk but the decree was never implemented,<ref>Филиппов Е. В. Город Баталпашинск: проекты и реалии. Template:In lang</ref> and Batalpashinskaya remained a stanitsa until the Soviet times. In 1888, the village became a seat of one of Kuban's seven departments.

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Monument to the Soviet Soldiers of Cherkessk

In 1922, the village became the seat of the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast of the RSFSR,<ref name=GR/> and in 1926, the Cherkess National Okrug. In 1931, it was granted town status and renamed Batalpashinsk. It received its current name of Cherkessk in 1939.<ref name=KNAB/> The city was occupied by the Nazi German Wehrmacht during World War II (the Eastern Front) from 11 August 1942 to 17 January 1943<ref name=GR/> as part of the Case Blue offensive. In 1957, it became the capital of the reformed Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast which became the Karachay–Cherkess Republic in 1991 with the fall of the Soviet Union.

Administrative and municipal status

Cherkessk is the capital of the republic.<ref name="Ref44">Law #84-RZ</ref> Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the city of republic significance of Cherkessk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.<ref name="Ref44" /> As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Cherkessk is incorporated as Cherkessk Urban Okrug.<ref name="Ref735">Law #41-RZ</ref>

Population

File:ЗиУ 682г-016.05 №56.jpg
Cherkessk Mosque under construction
File:Cerkiew Czerkiesk.jpg
St. Nicholas Cathedral, Cherkessk

The population of Cherkessk was 129,069 in the 2010 Census,<ref name="2010Census"/> 116,244 in the 2002 Census<ref name="2002Census">Template:Ru-pop-ref</ref> and 113,060 in the 1989 Soviet Census.<ref>Template:Ru-pop-ref</ref>

Ethnic groups

The city is inhabited by Russians, native Cherkess (Circassians), Karachays, Abaza, Nogays and minorities of Ukrainians, Greeks and Armenians.

1926

According to the First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union of 1926, inhabitants of Batalpashinsk (present-day Cherkessk) included:<ref name=EK>Этнокавказ. Национальный состав КЧР по переписям 1926—2002 Template:In lang</ref>

1939

The 1937 census results were suppressed and destroyed but the Soviet census of 1939 recorded:<ref name=EK/>

1959

The Soviet census of 1959 recorded:<ref name=EK/>

  • Russians (87.7%)
  • Ukrainians (2.8%)
  • Circassian (2.1%)
  • Abazins (1.8%)
  • Karachays (1.6%)
  • Nogais (0.4%)
  • Greeks (0.4%)
  • Ossetians (0.4%)

1970

The Soviet census of 1970 recorded:<ref name=EK/>

  • Russians (74.5%)
  • Circassian (6.4%)
  • Karachays (6.2%)
  • Abazins (5.0%)
  • Ukrainians (2.1%)
  • Nogais (1.0%)
  • Greeks (0.5%)
  • Ossetians (0.5%)

1989

According to the 1989 data from the final Soviet census, the population of the city included:<ref name=EK/>

  • Russians (67.8%)
  • Circassian (9.0%)
  • Karachays (7.8%)
  • Abazins (6.5%)
  • Ukrainians (2.2%)
  • Nogais (1.2%)
  • Ossetians (0.5%)
  • Greeks (0.5%)

2002

In 2002, the Russian census reported the population including:<ref name="narod1">Template:Cite web</ref>

2010

In 2010, the population included:Template:Citation needed

2021

In 2021, the population included:<ref name="narod1" />

Climate

Template:Weather box

Template:Weather box

Education

File:Cherkessk academy.jpg
Cherkessk academy

Cherkessk is home to the following education institutions:

Culture

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Tourism sign for Cherkessk
  • Drama Theater: ethnic, modern and classical plays
  • State Philharmonic: classical and ethnic orchestra performances
  • Elbrus State Ensemble: ethnic North Caucasian dances, dance studio
  • Ensemble of Cossack Dance and Song: ethnic performances

Sport

Notable people

  • David Safaryan, World champion in freestyle wrestling representing Armenia

References

Notes

Template:Reflist

Sources

Template:Karachay-Cherkess Republic Template:Russian republics capitals Template:List of European capitals by region Template:Authority control

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