China Northern Airlines

China Northern Airlines (Template:Lang-zh) was an airline headquartered on the grounds of Shenyang Taoxian International Airport, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.<ref>World Airline Directory. Flight International. March 19–25, 2002. 48. "Dong Ta Airport, 3-1 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang City, Liaoning, 110043, China"</ref> Established on June 16, 1990, it was one of the six backbone airlines directly under the Civil Aviation Administration of China.

Besides Shenyang, it also had four other hubs at Changchun Dafangshen Airport, Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport, Harbin Taiping International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.<ref name="wad2000" />

It was one of six major airline corporations that were formed as a result of the breakup of CAAC. It initially operated a fleet of Airbus A300-600R, MD-80, MD-90-30 and, later, Airbus A321-200 aircraft. It operated predominantly domestic destinations and also to North Korea, South Korea and Japan.<ref name="wad2000" />

History

China Northern Airlines was established on 16 June 1990. In 1994, China Northern Airlines decided to purchase 11 McDonnell Douglas MD-90 aircraft, whilst passing down some of their older McDonnell Douglas MD-82 to smaller airlines like its subsidiary, Beihai Airlines.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> By 1997, China Northern had increased the number ordered to 13.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1997, the airline relocated its training center from the United States to the new Kunming Training Centre.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1998, China Northern was China's 5th largest airline in terms of passenger traffic, and had a load factor of 55.1%.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1999, it was announced that Britten-Norman would resurrect the Britten-Norman Trislander after China Northern placed an order for 3 aircraft, scheduled to be delivered between September 2000 and January 2001. This was done to replace the airline's aging Harbin Y-5 biplanes for regional services.<ref name="bn1999">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> By the end of 1999, the airline had reached a total cargo rotation volume of 4882 million ton/km. Around this time, it was said that China Eastern Airlines was considering acquiring China Northern Airlines, along with China Northwest Airlines.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2000, it was announced that China Northern signed a deal with Airbus for ten Airbus A321 aircraft.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In November 2000, China Northern and Angel Air formed a partnership which involved wet leasing 3 Airbus A300-600R from China Northern to Angel Air, and a possible joint marketing agreement. The wet lease was scheduled to last for 3–5 years.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> By the end of 2000, reports by China's official press outlined a draft plan for a wave of airline consolidations in China, which included the acquisition of China Northern Airlines by China Southern Airlines. This came after years of pressure by the CAAC to consolidate many of China's airlines into China's 3 largest airlines (Air China, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines) to eradicate unnecessary competition.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 3 January 2002, Angel Air announced it would halt all services on 5 January, and that the partnership with China Northern would end.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In October 2002, China's state council approved the takeover of China Northern Airlines and China Xinjiang Airlines by China Southern Airlines. By January 2003, both airlines began operating China Southern's IATA code "CZ" for all domestic flights, with international flights to follow by 30 March 2003.<ref name="mergerFG">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> At that time, both airlines had their frequent flyer programs merge into Sky Pearl Club.<ref name="mergerFG"/> Whilst operating under the China Southern Airlines brand, it was reported that China Northern was to order 23 Airbus A320 family aircraft to replace its aging MD-80 and MD-90 aircraft. By the September 2004, the airline had already taken delivery of 4 Airbus A319 aircraft.<ref name="a320">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> China Northern later fully merged into China Southern Airlines by the end of 2004.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Destinations

File:2002年大房身机场 - panoramio.jpg

Tarmac view of Changchun Dafangshen Airport, one of China Northern's hubs

The following is an incomplete list of destinations served by China Northern Airlines:<ref name="wad2000">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Partner airlines

Zhongyuan Airlines had established partnerships with the following airlines:<ref name="wad2000" /> Template:Div col

• Angel Air
• Korean Air

Fleet

Final fleet

At the time of merger, China Northern Airlines fleet consisted of:<ref name="rzjets">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ar">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Aircraft	In service	Orders	Notes
Airbus A300-600R	6	—
Airbus A319-100	4	7	Operated under China Southern Airlines brand<ref name="a320" />
Airbus A321-200	6	4	Orders transferred to China Southern Airlines
Cessna 208 Caravan	5	—	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
McDonnell Douglas MD-82	23	—
McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30	13	—
Xi'an MA60	—	5	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Xian Y-7-100	10	—
Yunshuji Y-5	44	—
Total	111	16

Fleet history

Throughout the airline's history, the airline had operated:<ref name="rzjets" /><ref name="ar" />

Aircraft	Total	Introduced	Retired	Notes
Airbus A300-600R	8	1993	2004
Airbus A319-100	4	2004	2004	Operated under China Southern Airlines brand<ref name="a320" />
Airbus A321-200	6	2001	2004
Cessna 208 Caravan	5	2002	Template:Unknown
McDonnell Douglas MD-82	27	1990	2004
McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30	13	1996	2004
Xian Y-7-100	11	1990	2004
Yunshuji Y-5	Template:Unknown	Template:Unknown	Template:Unknown

China Northern Airlines also operated a helicopter fleet.<ref name="ar" />

Subsidiaries

China Northern Swan Airlines

China Northern Swan Airlines was founded in 1993 as Swan Airlines by the company Sunbase.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The airline was based at Harbin Taiping International Airport, Harbin.<ref name="GD" /> In 1996, the airline was acquired by China Northern Airlines, and by 2001, flew to 45 medium to large-sized cities both domestically and internationally.<ref name="swanFG">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="wad2000" /><ref name="GD">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It operated McDonnell Douglas MD-80s and McDonnell Douglas MD-90s leased from China Northern Airlines, it was acquired by China Southern Airlines in 2003 followed by Beiha Airlines, China Northern Airlines, and Zhongyuan Airlines.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="GD" />

Services

Frequent flyer program

Sky Pearl Club was China Northern Airlines' frequent flyer program from 2002 when it was acquired by China Southern Airlines.<ref name="mergerFG" />

Accidents

• On November 13, 1993, China Northern Airlines Flight 6901 from Beijing to Urumqi, a McDonnell-Douglas MD-82 (Reg. B-2141) airliner, crashed on approach to Urumqi airport, killing 12 of 102 on board. Pilot error was blamed for the crash.
• On May 7, 2002, China Northern Airlines Flight 6136 from Beijing to Dalian, a McDonnell-Douglas MD-82 (Reg. B-2138) airliner, crashed into the Yellow Sea about Template:Convert off the Dalian coast, killing all 112 on board. It was later determined that a passenger who wanted to commit suicide started a fire on board the aircraft.<ref>Template:Usurped, AirDisaster.Com</ref><ref>ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas MD-82 B-2138 Dalian, Aviation Safety Network</ref>

External links

• China Northern Airlines (Archive)
• China Northern Airlines (Archive) Template:In lang