Zhengzhou
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox settlement Template:Infobox Chinese ZhengzhouTemplate:Efn is the capital of Henan, China. Located in northern Henan, it is one of the nine national central cities in China,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and serves as the political, economic, technological, and educational center of the province.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Zhengzhou metropolitan area (including Zhengzhou and Kaifeng) is the core area of the Central Plains Economic Zone.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The city lies on the southern bank of the Yellow River.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Zhengzhou is a major hub of China's domestic and international transportation network. For example, it is connected to Europe<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and has an international airport.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Zhengzhou is a National Civilized City and a State-list Famous Historical and Culture City.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As of 2020, there are two World Cultural Heritage Sites in Zhengzhou. The Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (ZCE) is China's first futures exchange. Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone is China's first Airport Economy Zone.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
As of the 2020 Chinese census, the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou had a population of 12,600,574 inhabitants,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> of whom 10,260,667 lived in its built-up (or metro) area made of 6 urban districts plus Zhongmu county, Xinzheng and Xingyang cities now largely being conurbated.<ref name="MOHURD">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="china.com.cn">Template:Cite web</ref> The city had a total GDP of 1.014 trillion (RMB) in 2018.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Greater Zhengzhou was named as one of the 13 emerging mega-cities in China in a July 2012 report by the Economist Intelligence Unit,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and officially named as the eighth National Central City<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in 2017 by the central government in Beijing.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Zhengzhou is a major city for scientific research, appearing among the world's top 60 cities as tracked by the Nature Index.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The city is home to several national key universities in China, notably Zhengzhou University, Henan University, Henan Agricultural University, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, and Henan University of Technology.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:TOC limit
History
The Shang dynasty established Aodu (Template:Lang) or Bodu (Template:Lang) in Zhengzhou.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> This prehistoric city had become abandoned as ruins long before the First Emperor of China in 260 BC. Since 1950, archaeological finds in a walled city in Eastern Zhengzhou have provided evidence of Shang dynasty settlements in the area around 1600 BC.<ref>A H Dani (1992), Critical Assessment of Recent Evidence on Mohenjo-daro, Second International Symposium on Mohenjo-daro, 24–27 February.</ref><ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> Outside this city, remains of large public buildings and a complex of small settlements have been discovered. The site is generally identified with the Shang capital of Ao and is preserved in the Shang dynasty Ruins monument in Guanchen District.
The Shang, who continually moved their capital due to frequent natural disasters, left Ao at around the 13th century BC. The site, nevertheless, remained occupied; Zhou (post-1050 BC) tombs have also been discovered.<ref name="zzst">Template:Cite book</ref> Legend suggests that in the Western Zhou period (1111–771 BC) the site became the fief of a family named Guan. From this derives the name borne by the county (xian) since the late 6th century BC—Guancheng (City of the Guan). The city first became the seat of a prefectural administration in AD 587, when it was named Guanzhou. In 605 it was first called Zhengzhou—a name by which it has been known virtually ever since.<ref name="shangduw">Template:Cite web</ref>
The name Zhengzhou came from the Sui dynasty (AD 582), even though it was located in Chenggao, another town. The government moved to the contemporary city during the Tang dynasty. It achieved its greatest importance under the Sui (AD 581–618), Tang (618–907), and early Song (960–1127) dynasties, when it was the terminus of the New Bian Canal, which joined the Yellow River to the northwest. There, at a place called Heyin, a vast granary complex was established to supply the capitals at Luoyang and Chang'an to the west and the frontier armies to the north. In the Song period, however, the transfer of the capital eastward to Kaifeng robbed Zhengzhou of much of its importance.Template:Citation needed
In 1903 the Beijing–Hankou Railway arrived at Zhengzhou, and in 1909 the first stage of the Longhai Railway gave it an east–west link to Kaifeng and Luoyang; it later was extended eastward to the coast at Lianyungang, Jiangsu, and westward to Xi'an (Chang'an), Shaanxi, as well as to western Shaanxi. Zhengzhou thus became a major rail junction and a regional center for cotton, grain, peanuts, and other agricultural produce. Template:Citation needed Early in 1923 a workers' strike began in Zhengzhou and spread along the rail line before it was suppressed; a 14-story double tower in the center of the city commemorates the strike. On 10 June 1938, Chiang Kai-shek's National Revolutionary Army opened up the dikes retaining the Yellow River at Huayuankou between Zhengzhou and Kaifeng, in an effort to stem the tide of invading Japanese; however, the ensuing 1938 Yellow River flood also killed hundreds of thousands of Chinese.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Zhengzhou also has a locomotive and rolling-stock repair plant, a tractor-assembly plant, and a thermal generating station. The city's industrial growth has resulted in a large increase in the population, coming predominantly from industrial workers from the north. A water diversion project and pumping station, built in 1972, has provided irrigation for the surrounding countryside. Template:Citation needed<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The city has an agricultural university.
Li Keqiang became the Communist Party Secretary of Henan province in 1998.<ref name=":12">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Reference page As part of his advocacy for urbanisation, Li sought to position Zhengzhou as an engine for regional and national growth.<ref name=":12" />Template:Reference page During the 2010s, Zhengzhou's GDP averaged a 13.2% yearly increase.<ref name=":12" />Template:Reference page Between 2010 and 2018, its population doubled.<ref name=":12" />Template:Reference page
In July 2021, record breaking floods left over a million people displaced<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and at least 300 people dead.<ref name=hndaily0802>Template:Cite web</ref>
Geography
Located just north of the province's centre and south of the Yellow River, Zhengzhou borders Luoyang to the west, Jiaozuo to the northwest, Xinxiang to the northeast, Kaifeng to the east, Xuchang to the southeast, and Pingdingshan to the southwest. With the land within its administrative borders generally sloping down from west to east, Zhengzhou is situated at the transitional zone between the North China Plain to the east and the Song Mountains and Xionger Mountains to the west, which are part of the greater Qinling range. The city centre is situated to the south of the middle reach of the Yellow River, where its valley broadens into the great plain. Zhengzhou is at the crossing point of the north–south route skirting the Taihang Mountains and the mountains of western Henan. The prefecture spans 34° 16' ~ 34° 58 N latitude and 112° 42' ~ 114° 14' E longitude, covering a total area of Template:Convert, including the metropolitan area, which covers Template:Convert, and the city centre, which occupies Template:Convert.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
A section of the Yellow River passes by the northern edges of the urban area, extending Template:Convert within Zhengzhou prefecture. However, Jialu River, a secondary tributary of the Huai River, is Zhengzhou's main urban river and flood channel.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The Jialu enters Zhengzhou from Xinmi to the southwest, and turns to the southeast within the city. Mountains loom over the western counties of Gongyi and Dengfeng while the easternmost county of Zhongmu is a vast, fertile floodplain, with the counties in between being hilly transitions.
Climate
Zhengzhou experiences a monsoon-influenced, four-season humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa), with cool, dry winters and hot, humid summers. Spring and autumn are dry and somewhat abbreviated transition periods. The city has an annual mean temperature of Template:Convert, with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from Template:Convert in January to Template:Convert in July.<ref name="cma new">Template:Cite web</ref> The frost-free period lasts on average 220 days. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from Template:Convert on 2 January 1955, 27 December 1971 and 1 February 1990 to Template:Convert on 19 July 1966.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="zzdl">Template:Cite book</ref>
Rainfall is primarily produced by the monsoonal low during summer; in winter, when the vast Siberian High dominates due to radiative cooling from further north, the area receives little precipitation. During the summer season, the city is also often affected by tropical depressions, which bring additional amounts of rain. The annual precipitation is about Template:Convert. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 37 percent in January to 49 percent in April and May, the city receives 1,905 hours of sunshine per year, which is around 43% of the possible total.<ref name="cma new"/>
Template:Weather boxIn 2019, there were 177 good days in Zhengzhou, an increase of 9 days year-on-year, and 48.5% of the good days reached the standard. There were 24 days of heavy pollution, 9 days less than last year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2021 flood
On 20 July 2021, "The heaviest hour of rainfall ever reliably recorded in China crashed like a miles-wide waterfall over the city of Zhengzhou on 20 July, killing at least 300 people, including 14 who drowned in a subway tunnel." Although an emergency alert was issued the day before the flood, businesses and subways remained open.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> From 4pm to 5pm on 21 July, 7.95 inches of rain fell. A collapsed retaining wall allowed water to pour into subway tunnels. "The Chinese government now appears to be acknowledging missteps by local officials, as well as the possibility that severe weather events will become increasingly common."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Administration and demography
Zhengzhou is divided into 6 urban districts, 5 county-level cities and 1 county. These subdivisions are likely to undergo significant changes in the near future due to increasingly rapid urban expansion and urban planning.
The municipality is home to 8,626,505 inhabitants (2010 census) and 6.35 million in its built up area made of 6 urban and suburban districts, Xingyang and Xinzheng cities and now Zhongmu county largely being urbanized, making the city one of the main built-up areas of the province.<ref name=Census2010>Template:Cite news</ref>
Main sights
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Between Heaven and Earth by Christian de Vietri
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Longzihu area
Zhengzhou was the capital of China during the Shang dynasty. Parts of the Shang-era capital city wall that were built 3,600 years ago still remain in Downtown Zhengzhou (see Zhengzhou Shang City).<ref name="shangduw" /> Zhengzhou maintains abundant cultural heritages that reflect its history as well as the culture of Henan Province. Zhengzhou Confucius Temple, initially built during the Eastern Han dynasty 1900 years ago, is one of the oldest Confucian Temples in China. Other important architectural heritage sites in the city center include Town God Temple and Erqi Memorial Tower.
One internationally known tourist attraction is the Shaolin Monastery (少林寺), which is in Dengfeng, about Template:Convert southwest of downtown Zhengzhou (1.5 hours by coach). The Shaolin Monastery is not only known as one of China's most important Buddhist shrines, but also as the ancient centre of Chinese Kung-fu. Shaolin Monastery and its famed Pagoda Forest were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>
The Henan Museum is one of China's most important museums. It has a collection of more than 130,000 cultural objects includes exhibitions from prehistoric times (such as dinosaur fossils and prehistoric human remains) through to the modern era.
Zhengzhou's most developed and modern area is the Zhengdong New Area, which is in the eastern part of the city. It is home to some of the tallest skyscrapers in Zhengzhou, including the Template:Convert tall Zhengzhou Greenland Plaza ("Big Corn"), which is one of the most prominent landmarks in Zhengzhou, and the twin towers of Zhengzhou Greenland Central Plaza (Template:Convert), which are currently the tallest skyscrapers in the city. The tallest structure in Zhengzhou is the 388-meter height Zhongyuan Tower, located on Hanghai East Road in the south of Zhengdong New Area. It is used as a television tower, with a revolving restaurant and an observation deck. The tower is among the tallest towers in the world.
Zhengzhou Zoo (Template:Lang) is located on Huayuan Road (Template:Lang).
The newly built Zhengzhou Botanic Garden is at the western edge of Zhengzhou city.
Main attractions of Zhengzhou include:
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- Mount Song (UNESCO Global Geopark)
- Shaolin Monastery and Pagoda Forest (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
- Dengfeng Observatory (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
- Songyue Pagoda (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
- Yellow River Scenic Area
- Dahuting Han Dynasty tombs
- the birthplace of Yellow Emperor
- Erqi Memorial Tower
- Henan Museum
- Zhongyuan Tower
- Zhengzhou Shang City
Economy
Template:See also Zhengzhou, along with Xi'an, Chengdu, Chongqing and Wuhan, are some of the most economically important cities in inland China. Zhengzhou is the economic center of the province and the surrounding areas such as southeastern Shanxi and southwestern Shandong. Due to its strategic location in one of the most populous areas in the world (nearly 100 million people in Henan alone) and in China's railway, road and aviation transport networks, Zhengzhou is increasingly attracting domestic and international investment as well as migrants from other areas, transforming the city into one of the largest economic centers in China. In 2018, total GDP of Zhengzhou was ¥1020 billion,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> ranked 17th in China. And in 2021, total GDP was ¥1269.1 billion, ranked 16th in China.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Agriculture
By the end of 2006, Zhengzhou had a total population of over 7 million, of which 2.88 million lived in rural areas.<ref>Template:In lang General information of Zhengzhou Template:Webarchive, Zhengzhou Government official website.</ref> Its main products include apples, paulownia, tobacco, maize, cotton, and wheat. In addition, Zhengzhou also produces Yellow River carp, Zhengzhou watermelons, Xinzheng jujube, Xingyang dried persimmons, Guangwu Pomegranate and Zhongmu garlic, all of which are specialties that are rarely found outside the region.
Mining and manufacturing
Zhengzhou and the surrounding area have large reserves of coal and other minerals. Coal mining and electricity generation are traditionally important in the local economy.
Zhengzhou has been one of the major industrial cities in The People's Republic of China since 1949. The city's staple industry is textiles. Others manufactured items include tractors, locomotives, cigarettes, fertilizer, processed meats, agricultural machinery, and electrical equipment. Some high-tech companies in new material, electronics and biotechnology are also growing rapidly during the recently years, especially in the high-tech industrial park in the northwest of the city. Template:Citation needed
- Yutong, China's largest bus producer.
- Shaolin Bus, a well-known small-to-medium-sized bus producer.<ref>Henan Shaolin Auto Co., Ltd. Template:Webarchive</ref>
- Zhengzhou Nissan, a subsidiary of Dongfeng Nissan, specializing in the manufacture of SUVs and pickup trucks. In 2010, Nissan opened its second plant in the city.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Haima Automobile Zhengzhou, an automobile manufacturer specializing in manufacturing microvans and light passenger vehicles.
- Zhengzhou Unique Industrial Equipment Co., Ltd., a large tractor and agricultural equipment manufacturer.
- Foxconn Zhengzhou, located in Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone, is the largest smartphone production site in the world and is also known as "iPhone City".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Sanquan Food, a frozen food company. With over 20000 employees, Sanquan produced the first frozen dumplings and rice balls in China.
- Synear Food Holdings Limited, along with Sanquan Food, is one of the largest producers of frozen food in China. The market share is over 20% in China<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Services
The service industries of Zhengzhou include retail, wholesale, hospitality, finance, exhibition, transport and delivery, tourism, and education. With a number of domestic and international institutions having regional offices in the city, Zhengzhou is becoming the financial center in central China. Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (ZCE) is one of the only four future exchanges (inc. Shanghai Futures Exchange and Dalian Commodity Exchange and China Financial Futures Exchange) in China and is becoming an important global player specialised in agricultural future exchange. Equipped with newly built facilities such as Zhengzhou International Conference and Exhibition Center. Third party logistics (3PL) in Zhengzhou has also been experiencing industrial boom during the past few years. As a transit and tourist center of Henan Province and central China, Zhengzhou is the center of Henan cuisine.
- Dennis, a regional retail chain.
- Henan Jianye, a large real estate developer, which owns the China Super League club Henan Jianye F.C.
Economic development zones
The Zhengdong New Area (Template:Lang-zh), literally Eastern Zhengzhou New Area, similar to Hangzhou Bay New Area in Ningbo and Hengqin New Area in Zhuhai, is one of dozens of major economic zones that are currently developing in various regions of China.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Established in 2003 by the provincial and municipal governments, it has become the financial center of Henan province and one of the most rapidly growing areas of China.
Kisho Kurokawa, a Japanese world-renowned planner and architect, was appointed to design the overall planning scheme for Zhengdong New Area.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He brought in advanced ideas including ecological city, co-existing city, metabolic city and ring city ideas. The scheme won the "Prominent Award for City Planning Design" at the first session of Annual Meeting of the World Architects Alliance in 2002.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Zhengdong New Area is mainly constituted by the CBD area, the Longhu commercial and residential area, the Longzihu college area, and the Zhengzhou East railway station commercial area.
Industrial zones
- Zhengzhou New & Hi-Tech Industries Development Zone
Zhengzhou High & New Technology Industries Development Zone was established in 1988, and approved by the state Council of PRC to be a state development zone on Mar.6,1991. It was appraised to be advanced high tech zone of China respectively in 1993, 1998 and 2002. The Zone currently covers a total area of Template:Convert. An extension plan was approved by Zhengzhou Municipal Government, the various construction work started in 2004. Under the development strategy of "multiple parks in one zone", the Zone has been making great efforts to promote the development of software, information technologies, new materials, bio-pharmaceutical and photo-machinery-electronic industries.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone
Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone was approved as state-level development zone on 13 February 2000. The zone has a developed area of Template:Convert Industries encouraged include Electronics Assembly & Manufacturing, Telecommunications Equipment, Trading and Distribution, Biotechnology/Pharmaceuticals, Instruments & Industrial Equipment Production, Medical Equipment and Supplies, Shipping/Warehousing/Logistics and Heavy Industry.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Zhengzhou Export Processing Area
Zhengzhou (Henan) Export Processing Zone was established on 21 June 2002 with approval by the state council. Its planned area is Template:Convert. Zone A is located in Zhengzhou National Economic & technological Development Area and began to operate on 1 June 2004. The area of land developed is Template:Convert at present. Zone B is located in Zhengzhou Airport Area and is adjacent to Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport on the north and it covers a planned area of 5 square km with bonded logistics zone, bonded processing zone and supporting industry zone, etc.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Transportation
Zhengzhou is located in the central part of China and is a main national transport hub.
Public transit
Metro
The Zhengzhou Metro is a rapid transit metro rail network serving urban and suburban districts of the Zhengzhou metropolitan area. The system started operation on 28 December 2013. It currently has 5 lines in operation, creating a Template:Convert long network. The first two lines (Line 1 and Line 2) were approved by the National Development and Reform Commission in Feb. 2009.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Construction of the two lines started in 2009 and 2010, and were finished in 2013 and 2015 respectively.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Chengjiao Line (planned to be part of Line 9), which is now in through operations with Line 2, allows the system to serve the Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport. A total of 21 metro lines have been planned to connect all areas in Great Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
As of 2024, Zhengzhou Metro operates 9 inner-city metro lines (Line 1; Line 2; Line 3; Line 4; Line 5 Inner Ring; Line 5 Outer Ring; Line 6; Line 10; Line 12; and Line 14). In addition, the city operates two metro lines connecting to the suburbs (Suburban Line) and to the nearby Xuchang, a prefecture-level city (Zhengxü Line). Line 6, 7 and 8 is estimated to be opened by the end of 2024.
The Zhengzhou subway fares has a segmented pricing system. The starting price is 2 yuan ($0.28) for a ride of up to 6 kilometers. If the mileage exceeds 6 kilometers, the principle of "decreasing for further distances" will apply. Within the mileage of 6 to 13 kilometers, 1 yuan ($0.14) will be added for every 7 kilometers, and for 8 kilometers between 13 and 21 kilometers, 1 yuan ($0.14) will be added. For each additional 9 kilometers above 21 kilometers, an additional 1 yuan ($0.14) is added. Riders can use cash, a physical metro card, or QR code payment available on Alipay or WeChat apps to pay for the ride.
Bus
Zhengzhou has a bus system with over 5,700 bus vehicles, operated by the Zhengzhou Bus Communication Corporation (ZZB).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The operations of Zhengzhou Bus Rapid Transit commenced in 2009. The system consists of 5 main routes (B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6) with dedicated bus lanes and dozens of branch routes that serve most areas of the city.Template:Citation needed
Railways
Zhengzhou is the junction of the Longhai Railway (Lianyungang, Jiangsu–Lanzhou, Gansu) and the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway as well as a major national railway hub.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The main railway station for these conventional services is Zhengzhou railway station, opened in 1904.
Zhengzhou is also on the Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway and the Xuzhou–Lanzhou High-Speed Railway. The high-speed rail network provides fast train services to most major cities in China, including Beijing (2.5 hours), Guangzhou (6 hours), Xi'an (2 hours), Wuhan (2 hours), Shanghai (4 hours), Nanjing (3 hours), Hangzhou (5 hours), and Hong Kong (6.5 hours). Proposed high-speed railways from Zhengzhou to Chongqing, Hefei, Jinan and Taiyuan are under construction.
The completion of the Zhengzhou–Jinan high-speed railway, planned for 2023, will complete a star-shaped (referred to as a "米"-shaped) network of eight high-speed lines radiating out from the city.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Zhengzhou is also the hub of intercity railways in Henan. Currently there are three intercity railways from Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway, Zhengzhou–Jiaozuo intercity railway and Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport intercity railway are in operation.
Zhengzhou East railway station is dedicated to high-speed trains and is one of the largest in Asia and Zhengzhou Hangkonggang railway station is a new high-speed railway hub dedicated to Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone.
Template:Ill, over Template:Convert long and over Template:Convert wide, has been described as Asia's largest classification yard.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Roads and expressways
The surrounding area of Zhengzhou, along with the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Bohai Economic Rim, has the highest highway density nationwide. Zhengzhou is the center of Henan expressway network that provides 1–2 hours road trip to surrounding cities of Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Xuchang, Jiaozuo and Luoyang. Other major cities within the province can be reached in 3 hours. The expressway network and national highways also links Zhengzhou to all major cities in the country.
There are several limited access express roads in the city center to relieve traffic problems. However, heavy congestion is still common in rush hours.
Expressways
- File:China Expwy G4 sign with name.svg G4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway
- File:China Expwy G30 sign with name.svg G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway
- File:China Expwy G3001 sign with name.svg G3001 Zhengzhou Ring Expressway
- File:Henan Expwy S1 sign no name.svg S1 Zhengzhou Airport Expressway
- File:Henan Expwy S32 sign no name.svg S32 Yongcheng–Dengfeng Expressway
- File:Henan Expwy S49 sign no name.svg S49 Linzhou–Ruzhou Expressway
- File:Henan Expwy S60 sign no name.svg S60 Shangqiu–Dengfeng Expressway
- File:Henan Expwy S82 sign no name.svg S82 Zhengzhou–Minquan Expressway
- File:Henan Expwy S85 sign no name.svg S85 Zhengzhou–Shaolinsi Expressway
- File:Henan Expwy S87 sign no name.svg S87 Zhengzhou–Yuntaishan Expressway
- File:Henan Expwy S88 sign no name.svg S88 Zhengzhou–Xixia Expressway
- File:Henan Expwy S89 sign no name.svg S89 Zhengzhou Airport–Xihua Expressway
National highways
- File:Kokudou 107(China).svg China National Highway 107
- File:Kokudou 220(China).svg China National Highway 220
- File:Kokudou 310(China).svg China National Highway 310
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Urban express roads
- 3rd Ring Road (Zhengzhou)
- 4th Ring Road (Zhengzhou)
- Jingguang Expressway
- Longhai Expressway
- Nongye Expressway
- Zhongzhou Avenue
Air
Zhengzhou is primarily served by Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport (IATA: CGO, ICAO: ZHCC), which is Template:Convert southeast of the city center.
The airport is a focus city of China Southern Airlines, Lucky Air, West Air and Shenzhen Airlines. It used to be the headquarter for Henan Airlines. In 2017, it was the busiest airport in central China in both passenger and cargo traffic.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is also one of the eight air hubs nominated by the Civil Aviation Administration of China.
Other airports in Zhengzhou include Shangjie Airport (IATA: HSJ) which is for general aviation, and Matougang Airbase which is for military use.
Colleges and universities
Zhengzhou is a major city for scientific research, appearing among the world's top 60 cities in 2025 as tracked by the Nature Index.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Longzi Lake is designated as a Higher Education Zone and 15 universities have relocated there.<ref name=":12" />Template:Reference page
Public
- Zhengzhou University
- Henan University (Longzi Lake campus)
- Henan Agricultural University
- Henan University of Technology (former Zhengzhou Institute of Technology)
- Henan University of Finance and Economics
- Zhongyuan Institute of Technology
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management
- North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Henan Textile University (Template:Lang)
- Zhengzhou Normal University
- Zhengzhou Institute of Technology (former Zhongzhou University, not to be confused with Henan University of Technology)
- Henan Institute of architecture technology (河南建筑职业技术学院)
Military
Private
- Zhengzhou College of Economics
- Huanghe S&T University(Zijin Mountain Street Campus) (黄河科技大学) (紫金山南校区)
- Sias International University
- Shengda Economics, Trade and Management College of Zhengzhou
Notable people
- Zichan (Template:Lang; ? – 552 BC), politician and philosopher of the State of Zheng during the Spring and Autumn period.
- Lie Yukou (Template:Lang; c. 450 BC – ?), known as Liezi, Taoism philosopher.
- Shen Buhai (Template:Lang; c. 400 BC – c. 337 BC), politician and philosopher in Legalism.
- Han Fei (Template:Lang; c. 280 BC – 233 BC), also known as Han Feizi, political philosopher of the Warring States Period.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Du Fu (Template:Lang; 712–770), Tang dynasty poet, born in Gongyi, now a county under the administration of Zhengzhou.
- Bai Juyi (Template:Lang; 772–846), Tang dynasty poet widely known for his poems featuring realism, born in Xinzheng.
- Li Shangyin (Template:Lang; c. 813–858), late Tang dynasty poet, born in Xingyang.
- Gao Gong (Template:Lang; 1512–1578), politician of the Ming dynasty, born in Xinzheng.
- Wei Wei (Template:Lang; 1920–2008), modern era writer, widely known in China for his works on the Chinese Volunteer army's participation of the Korean War.
- Chang Xiangyu (Template:Lang; 1923–2004), Yu opera actress.
- Li Na (Template:Lang; born 1963), Chinese folk singer.
- Li Jianying (Template:Lang; 1964–2006), hero pilot.
- Shi Yigong (Template:Lang; born 1967), biophysicist, president of Westlake University and the former vice president of Tsinghua University.
- Hai Xia (Template:Lang; born 1972), Chinese news anchor for China Central Television, the main state announcer of China.
- Deng Yaping (Template:Lang; born 1973), four-time table tennis Olympic champion.
- Liu Yang (Template:Lang; born 1978), pilot and astronaut who became the first Chinese woman in space.
- Tie Ya Na (Template:Lang; born 1979), table tennis player representing Hong Kong, born in Zhengzhou.
- Sun Tiantian (Template:Lang; born 1981), former professional tennis player on WTA Tour and 2004 Olympic Tennis champion (women's doubles with Li Ting), the first Chinese player to win a mixed doubles Grand Slam title at the 2008 Australian Open with Nenad Zimonjić.
- Du Wei (Template:Lang; born 1982), professional footballer and the former captain of China national football team.
- Jiang Xin (Template:Lang; born 1983), actress, famous for her role as Consort Hua in the TV series Empresses in the Palace.
- Gao Lin (Template:Lang; born 1986), professional footballer.
- Shi Xiaolong (Template:Lang; born 1988), actor.
- Fan Pengfei (范朋飞; born 1992), Chinese singer, songwriter and musician in pop music.
- Ning Zetao (Template:Lang; born 1993), swimmer and gold medal winner at 2014 Asian Games and 2015 World Aquatics Championships.
Politics
The current mayor is Template:Ill from January 2022.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
List of the CPC Party Chiefs of Zhengzhou:
- Gu Jingsheng (Template:Lang): October 1948 – December 1948
- Wu Defeng (Template:Lang): December 1948 – June 1949
- Zhao Wucheng (Template:Lang): June 1949 – April 1953
- Song Zhihe (Template:Lang): April 1953 – August 1956
- Wang Lizhi (Template:Lang): August 1956 – January 1968
- Wang Hui (Template:Lang): March 1971 – January 1974
- Zhang Junqing (Template:Lang): January 1974 – December 1977
- Yu Yichuan (Template:Lang): December 1977 – December 1979
- Li Baoguang (Template:Lang): December 1979 – May 1983
- Jiang Jinfei (Template:Lang): May 1983 – September 1984
- Yao Minxue (Template:Lang): September 1984 – August 1987
- Cao Lei (Template:Lang): August 1987 – July 1990
- Song Guochen (Template:Lang): July 1990 – May 1992
- Zhang Deguang (Template:Lang): May 1992 – December 1995
- Wang Youjie (Template:Lang): December 1995 – June 2001
- Li Ke (Template:Lang): June 2001– January 2006
- Template:Ill (王文超): January 2006 — July 2010
- Template:Ill (连维良): July 2010 — December 2012
- Wu Tianjun (吴天君): December 2012 — May 2016
- Template:Ill (马懿): May 2016 — June 2019
- Xu Liyi (徐立毅): June 2019 — January 2022
- Template:Ill (安伟): January 2022 —
Sister cities
Zhengzhou is twinned with:
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See also
- Zhengzhou Ostrich Park
- Zhengzhou Shang City
- History of Zhengzhou
- List of historical capitals of China
- Zhengzhou Ferris Wheel
- Zhengzhou Foreign Language School
Notes
References
External links
Template:Commons category Template:Wiktionary Template:Wikivoyage Template:Wikiquote
Template:Zhengzhou Template:Henan topics Template:Henan Template:Metropolitan cities of the People's Republic of China Template:Provincial capitals of China Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China Template:Major cities along the Yellow River