Xinxiang

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Xinxiang (Template:Lang-zh Template:IPAc-cmn; postal: Sinsiang) is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan province, China.

It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to its southwest, Kaifeng to its southeast, Hebi and Anyang to its north, Jiaozuo to its west, and the provinces of Shanxi and Shandong to its northwest and east respectively.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Its total population was 6,251,929 as of the 2020 Chinese Census. As of the 2018 estimation, 2,743,200 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 4 urban districts (Weibin, Hongqi, Muye, Fenquan), Yanjin county, Xinxiang county and Huixian City which are now being conurbated as the city is expanding very quickly.<ref name="citypopulation.de">Template:Cite web</ref>

Xinxiang is an industrial city in northern Henan, an important city on the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and a city in the Central Plains urban agglomeration, and was once one of the eight major towns in northern China.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In ancient times, there were major events that influenced the course of Chinese history, such as the Battle of Mingtiao,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the Battle of Muye,<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> and the Chenqiao Mutiny.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Modern Xinxiang is China's excellent tourist city,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> national health city,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> national garden city,<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> national forest city,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and one of the top 100 cities in China in terms of comprehensive urban competitiveness.

History

During the period of Yao and Shun, China was divided into nine prefectures, and the city's territory belonged to Jizhou, Yanzhou and Yuzhou.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> At the end of the Xia Dynasty, Shang Tang attacked Xia Jie, and the Battle of Mingtiao took place between Fengqiu County and Changyuan County, resulting in the defeat of Jie and the death of Xia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Xinxiang was the site of the Battle of Muye,<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> where the Shang dynasty was overthrown by the armies of King Wu of Zhou.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The region was first named Xinxiang in the 6th year of the Kaihuang era (586 AD) of the Sui dynasty, when Xinxiang county was established in the territories of southwestern Template:Ill and eastern Huojia County.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 960 AD, Later Zhou forces loyal to Zhao Kuangyin mutinied against the rule of Guo Zongxun at Template:Ill, located in modern-day Fengqiu County, and declared Zhao emperor, marking the beginning of the Song dynasty.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Xinxiang served as the capital of the short-lived Pingyuan Province, which administered the neighboring cities of Anyang, Hebi, Puyang, Jiaozuo and Heze between 1949 and 1952.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In July 2021, Xinxiang was harshly impacted by the flooding in Henan, which affected about 470,000 people and over Template:Convert of cropland.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Geography

Climate

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Geographic location

Xinxiang is located in the northern part of Henan Province, between 113 degrees 23 minutes and 114 degrees 59 minutes east longitude and 34 degrees 53 minutes and 35 degrees 50 minutes north latitude.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> It is 600 kilometers away from the capital Beijing and 80 kilometers away from the provincial capital Zhengzhou. It is connected to the oil city Puyang in the east and to the west of Luxi.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Bordering the Yellow River to the south, it is separated from Zhengzhou and Kaifeng by the river; to the west, it is connected to Jiaozuo and shares a border with Shanxi.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> To the north, it relies on the Taihang and is adjacent to Hebi and Anyang.

Pollution

According to a 2015 report by Greenpeace, Henan (Xinxiang's province) has the most severe air pollution of all the provinces in China, with an average PM2.5 concentration of 103.3 μg/m3 (micrograms per cubic meter).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The report found that Xinxiang has the 13th most polluted city air in China, with a PM2.5 concentration of 114.6 μg/m3 (over 11 times the safe limit established by the WHO) during the first quarter of 2015.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Citation needed<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Swiss firm IQAir reported that Xinxiang suffered from an average PM2.5 concentration of 51.5 μg/m3 in 2020, ranking 31st in China,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and 89th in the world.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2015, environmental non-governmental organization Airman (Template:Lang-zh) purchased wheat samples farmed in the town of Wangcun, in Xinxiang, near a battery factory, and found it had cadmium levels up to 17 times the national safe limit.<ref name="goufenxiang">Template:Cite web</ref> The following year, the group again purchased wheat samples in the towns of Template:Interlanguage link and Wangcun,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and found cadmium levels up to 34.1 times the national safe limit.<ref name="goufenxiang"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Following this report, the Xinxiang municipal government launched a program to purchase contaminated wheat, and convert the farmland to other purposes.<ref name="goufenxiang"/> However, again in 2017, the group purchased additional wheat samples, and found them to have cadmium levels up to 18 times the national limit, with all samples purchased exceeding national safety limits.<ref name="goufenxiang"/> In response, government officials from the town of Dakuai met with the group, and pledged to further investigate the samples and stop growing wheat on contaminated farmland.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Religion

Template:Expand sectionTemplate:Unreferenced sectionXinxiang Roman Catholics are served by the Apostolic Prefecture of Xinxiang (Template:Langx), which was established on July 7, 1936, on missionary territory split off from the then Apostolic Vicariate of Weihuifu (Template:Lang-zh) (now Diocese of Jixian). It is a pre-diocesan jurisdiction, which is exempt (i.e., directly subject to the Holy See and its missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples), and not part of any ecclesiastical province.

It has had the following incumbent Apostolic Prefects of Xinxiang (Roman Rite) :

Military

Xinxiang is the headquarters of the 83rd Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Jinan Military Region responsible for the defense of the Yellow River plain.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Administration

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Map including Xinxiang (labeled Template:Lang HSIN-HSIANG (SINSIANG)) (AMS, 1955)

The prefecture-level city administers 4 districts, 3 county-level cities and 5 counties.

Map

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Population

By the end of 2022, the city's permanent population was 6.166 million, including 3.639 million urban residents and 2.527 million rural residents; The urbanization rate of permanent residents was 59.01%, an increase of 0.62 percentage points over the end of the previous year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 43,000 people were born, with a birth rate of 6.90 per thousand. 46,000 people died, with a mortality rate of 7.40 per thousand. The natural decrease of population was 0.3 million, and the natural growth rate was -0.5%.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

According to the seventh National Census in 2020, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the city's permanent population was 6,251,929. Among them, male population accounted for 50.23%; The female population is 49.77%. The sex ratio of the total population (100 females) was 100.91.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>

The population aged 0–14 accounted for 23.17%; The population aged 15–59 accounted for 59.15%; 17.68% of the population was 60 years of age or older, of which 13.04% were 65 years of age or older.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

For every 100,000 population, 11,743 people had a university degree (college or above); The population with high school (including technical secondary school) education was 20163; 37,885 people with secondary education; The population with a primary education level is 20,994 (the above levels of education include graduates, associates and students of all types of schools).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Surnames from Xinxiang are: Major (including Gong, Hong, Gong, Duan) Zuo, Ning, Yan, etc.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Economy

Frestech, a major home appliance company, was located in Xinxiang prior to its liquidation in 2018.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> One of the business units spun off in Frestech's dissolution, Xinfei Electric Group, continues to operate in Xinxiang.<ref name="xinfeijituan">Template:Cite web</ref> Xinfei Electric Group, now a wholly owned subsidiary of Aviation Industry Corporation of China, produces refrigerated trucks, military vehicles, RVs, modular building structures, precision equipment, refrigerators, air conditioners, and environmental control equipment.<ref name="xinfeijituan"/>

Other important enterprises located in Xinxiang include Golden Dragon Copper Group, Bailu Chemical Fibre, Henan Kelong Group, and AVIC XINHANG Industry Corporation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Agriculture and textiles

Textiles and processed food are also major products of Xinxiang.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As an old textiles base, the cotton industry is very developed in Xinxiang.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Transport

File:Xinxiang City.jpg
A street in Xinxiang

Xinxiang serves as a rail junction and industrial center at the head of navigation on the Wei River. The Wei River, made navigable for small vessels by river improvements in the 1950s, links the city with Tianjin.<ref name="canal">Template:Cite web</ref>

Railways

Xinxiang is located at the junction of the Beijing-Guangzhou, Xinxiang-Yueshan, Xinxiang-Yanzhou, and Zhengzhou–Jinan Railways. The Xinxiang metro area has two major railway stations: Xinxiang Railway Station in Weibin and Xinxiang East Railway Station in Muye.

Expressways

National highways

Education and research

Xinxiang is a major city for research, ranking as the 138th city in the world by scientific research outputs as of 2025, as tracked by the Nature Index.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

There are several universities and colleges located in the prefecture-level city.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Sister cities

See also

References

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