Chuck Hagel

Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox officeholder Charles Timothy Hagel (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> born October 4, 1946)<ref name=APDec17>Biographical information on ex-Sen. Chuck HagelTemplate:Dead link, Associated Press, published in The News-Times, December 17, 2012.</ref> is an American politician and Army veteran who served as the 24th United States secretary of defense from 2013 to 2015 in the administration of Barack Obama. He previously served as chairman of the president's Intelligence Advisory Board from 2009 to 2013 and as a United States senator representing Nebraska from 1997 to 2009.<ref name="Historical Office Chuck Hagel">Template:Cite web</ref>

A recipient of two Purple Hearts while an infantry squad leader in the Vietnam War, Hagel returned home to start careers in business and politics. He co-founded Vanguard Cellular, the primary source of his personal wealth, and served as president of the McCarthy Group, an investment banking firm, and CEO of American Information Systems Inc., a computerized voting machine manufacturer. A member of the Republican Party, Hagel was first elected to the United States Senate in 1996. He was reelected in 2002, but did not run in 2008.

On January 7, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Hagel to serve as Secretary of Defense. On February 12, 2013, the Senate Armed Services Committee approved Hagel's nomination by a vote of 14–11.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On February 14, 2013, Senate Republicans did not vote with Democrats so there were not 60 votes needed to end the debate on Hagel's nomination and proceed to a final vote, citing the need for further review. It was the first time that a nominee for Secretary of Defense was filibustered,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> although candidates for other cabinet offices had been filibustered before.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On February 26, 2013, the Senate voted for cloture on Hagel's nomination and confirmed him by a vote of 58–41.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="LAtimes">Template:Cite news</ref> He took office on February 27, 2013, as his predecessor, Leon Panetta, stepped down.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Hagel previously served as a professor at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, chairman of the Atlantic Council, and co-chairman of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board. Before his appointment as Secretary of Defense, Hagel served on a number of boards of directors, including that of Chevron Corporation.

On November 24, 2014, it was announced that Hagel would resign following conflicts within the administration, particularly relating to issues concerning ISIL.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Early life, education, military, and early political career

Hagel was born in North Platte, Nebraska, a son of Charles Dean Hagel, and his wife Elizabeth (Betty) Dunn. His father was of German heritage, while his mother was of Irish and Polish ancestry.<ref>Lelyveld, Joseph. [1]. The New York Times Magazine, online edition, The Heartland Dissident, February 12, 2006. Retrieved January 4, 2012.</ref><ref>Dufour, Jeff. Glenn Close and Chuck Norris push pet projects . The Hill, online edition, Under The Dome, May 11, 2006. Retrieved March 4, 2007.</ref> Growing up, Hagel lived across Nebraska; in Ainsworth, Rushville, Scottsbluff, Terrytown, York and Columbus.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Hagel was the oldest of four brothers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His father, a veteran of World War II, died suddenly on Christmas morning, 1962, at the age of 39, when Hagel was 16.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He graduated from St. Bonaventure High School (now Scotus Central Catholic High School) in Columbus, Nebraska, in 1964, attended Brown Institute for radio and TV through 1966, and earned a BGS degree with a concentration in history from the University of Nebraska Omaha in 1971.<ref name=APDec17/>Template:Failed verification<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Failed verification

Hagel volunteered to be drafted into the United States Army during the Vietnam War, rejecting a draft board recommendation that he go to college instead.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He served in the United States Army infantry in Vietnam from 1967 to 1968. As a sergeant (E-5), he served as an infantry squad leader in the 9th Infantry Division.<ref>Experiencing War, Stories from the Veterans History Project, Charles Timothy Hagel, Library of Congress, accessed December 12, 2012.</ref> Hagel served in the same infantry squad as his younger brother Tom, and they are thought to be the only American brothers to have done so during the war.<ref name="salon2007">"The private war of Chuck and Tom Hagel" by Myra MacPherson, Salon, April 30, 2007.</ref> They also saved each other's lives on separate occasions.<ref name="salon2007"/> Hagel received the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, two Purple Hearts, the Army Commendation Medal, and the Combat Infantryman Badge.<ref>Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 110th Congress, Government Printing Office, October 2, 2008, Remarks by Senator Harry Reid, p. 692.</ref>

After his discharge, he worked as a radio newscaster and talk show host in Omaha from 1969 to 1971<ref>Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, United States Congress, accessed December 17, 2012.</ref> while finishing college on Veterans Administration (VA) assistance under the GI Bill.<ref>Loren Thompson, Why Republicans Should Welcome Chuck Hagel To The Pentagon's Top Job, Forbes, January 7, 2012.</ref>

In 1971, Hagel was hired as a staffer for Congressman John Y. McCollister (R-NE), serving until 1977. For the next four years, he worked as a lobbyist for Firestone Tire and Rubber Company,<ref name="Berens52">Template:Cite book</ref> and in 1980, he served as an organizer for the successful presidential campaign of former California Governor Ronald Reagan.<ref name="Berens52"/>

After Reagan's inauguration as president, Hagel was named deputy administrator of the Veterans Administration. In 1982, however, he resigned over a disagreement with VA Administrator Robert P. Nimmo, who was intent on cutting funding for VA programs. Nimmo had referred to veterans groups as "greedy", and to Agent Orange as not much worse than a "little teenage acne."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Business career (1982–1996)

After leaving government employment, Hagel co-founded Vanguard Cellular, a mobile phone service carrier that made him a multi-millionaire.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> While working with Vanguard, he served as president and chief executive officer of the United Service Organizations and the Private Sector Council, as deputy director and chief operating officer of the 1990 G7 Summit, and on the board of directors or advisory committee of the American Red Cross, the Eisenhower World Affairs Institute, Bread for the World, and the Ripon Society. He also served as Chairman of the Agent Orange Settlement Fund and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.<ref name="Chuck Hagel">Template:Cite web</ref>

Although he was pressured by some to run for Governor of Virginia, where he had lived for 20 years, in 1992 Hagel moved back to Nebraska to become president of the McCarthy Group, LLC, an investment banking firm.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He also served as a chairman and was CEO of American Information Systems Inc. (AIS), later known as Election Systems & Software, a computerized voting machine manufacturer jointly owned by McCarthy Group, LLC and the Omaha World-Herald company.<ref name="Chuck Hagel"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On March 15, 1995, Hagel resigned from the board of AIS as he intended to run for office.<ref name="Fitrakis">Template:Cite web</ref> Michael McCarthy, the parent company's founder, was Hagel's campaign treasurer.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Until at least 2003, he retained between $1 million and $5 million in stock in Election Systems & Software's parent company, the McCarthy Group.<ref name=Bolton>Template:Cite web</ref>

U.S. Senate (1997–2009)

Elections

Template:Main In 1996, Hagel ran for the open US Senate seat created by the retirement of Democrat J. James Exon. Hagel's opponent was Ben Nelson, then the sitting governor of Nebraska. Hagel won and became the first Republican in 24 years to win a Senate seat in Nebraska. Six years later, in 2002, Hagel overwhelmingly won re-election with over 83% of the vote, the largest margin of victory in any statewide race in Nebraska history.

Senate voting record

Hagel's portrait as a senator.

According to David Boaz, of the Cato Institute, during the Bush administration, Hagel maintained a "traditionally Republican" voting record, receiving "a lifetime rating of 84 percent from the American Conservative Union and consistent A and B grades from the National Taxpayers Union."<ref name=Boaz>Boaz, David (December 27, 2010) Is Chuck Hagel a Republican?, Cato Institute</ref> On the Issues describes Hagel as a "libertarian-leaning conservative."<ref>Chuck Hagel profile, On the Issues, accessed December 19, 2012.</ref> According to Boaz, among his most notable votes, Hagel:

• Voted for the Patriot Act;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Voted for the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Voted against No Child Left Behind;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Voted against the Medicare prescription drug bill;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Voted against McCain-Feingold.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Foreign policy

Hagel co-sponsored the failed Kosovo Resolution, authorizing the use of U.S. military force against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Hagel voted in favor of Senate Joint Resolution 23, authorizing "necessary and appropriate U.S. Military force" in Afghanistan against those who planned or aided the September 11 attacks.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During his tenure in the Senate, Hagel continued his support for NATO involvement, and funding in the War in Afghanistan.<ref name="votesmart.org">Template:Cite web</ref> In a 2009 The Washington Post op-ed after being nominated as Chairman of President Obama's Intelligence advisory board, Hagel said that "We cannot view U.S. involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan through a lens that sees only 'winning' or 'losing,' Iraq and Afghanistan are not America's to win or lose." And that "We can help them buy time or develop, but we cannot control their fates."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2011, after he left office, Hagel stated that President Obama needs to start "looking for the exit in Afghanistan", and that "We need to start winding this down."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Hagel in a 2002 visit with Afghan President Hamid Karzai, and Afghan Minister of Women's Affairs Sima Samar

On October 11, 2002, Hagel, along with 76 other senators, voted in favor of the Iraq Resolution.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Hagel, a later critic of the war, commented on his vote authorizing the use of force against Iraq saying,

How many of us really know and understand much about Iraq, the country, the history, the people, the role in the Arab world? I approach the issue of post-Saddam Iraq and the future of democracy and stability in the Middle East with more caution, realism, and a bit more humility.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In July 2007, Hagel was one of three Republican senators who supported Democratic-proposed legislation requiring a troop withdrawal from Iraq to begin within 120 days. He told Robert D. Novak "This thing is really coming undone quickly, and [Prime Minister] Maliki's government is weaker by the day. The police are corrupt, top to bottom. The oil problem is a huge problem. They still can't get anything through the parliament—no hydrocarbon law, no de-Baathification law, no provincial elections."<ref>Bob Novak, Hagel's Stand, The Washington Post, April 30, 2007.</ref> In 2008, along with then-Senator (and presumptive Democratic nominee for president) Barack Obama, and Senator Jack Reed (D-RI), Hagel visited Iraq in a congressional delegation trip, meeting with U.S. service members, General David Petraeus, and the Prime Minister of Iraq Nouri al-Maliki.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> While talking to reporters in Iraq, Hagel said, "Each one of us who has a responsibility of helping lead this country needs to reflect on what we think is in the interests of our country, not the interest of our party or our president."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

National security

In his first term in the Senate, Hagel voted in favor of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Threat Reduction Act, establishing criminal penalties for possession of Chemical or Biological weapons, and he cosponsored the American Missile Protection Act, deploying an effective National Missile Defense system capable of defending the U.S. against limited ballistic missile attacks.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Hagel voted to establish the United States Department of Homeland Security, and supported increasing Defense Department spending, voting in favor of the National Defense Authorization Act every year he served in the Senate.<ref name="votesmart.org"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Hagel voted for spending increases in preventing HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria funding, and voting against caps on the U.S.'s foreign aid budget.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Veterans affairs

In 2007, Hagel introduced Senate Amendment 2032, amending the Defense Authorization bill limiting the deployment of U.S. service members serving in Iraq to 12 months. The amendment needed 60 votes in the Senate to pass, and was ultimately defeated in a 52–45 vote.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2008, Hagel was a principal co-sponsor with two other veterans in the Senate of Senator Jim Webb's "21st Century GI Bill" which passed Congress as the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008, expanding education assistance to veterans who served after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.<ref>Achieving a Post-9/11 GI Bill for Our New Greatest Generation Template:Webarchive, Senator Jim Webb site, p. 4, accessed December 18, 2012.</ref><ref name=HistoryNet>Chuck Hagel Leads 50th Anniversary Advisory Group, Vietnam Magazine, published at History.net November 29, 2012.</ref> During his tenure in the Senate, Hagel supported the military's "Don't ask, don't tell" policy, barring openly LGBT members of the armed forces from serving, but was later described as "pro-ending don't ask, don't tell."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Civil liberties

In 2001, Hagel voted in favor of the Patriot Act.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Although Hagel originally indicated a "nay" vote in reauthorizing expiring provisions of the Patriot Act in 2006,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Hagel voted in favor of reauthorization.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> After calls from the Bush administration for the House and Senate to reform FISA, the House introduced the Protect America Act of 2007, expanding provisions allowing electronic surveillance of foreigners outside of the U.S. with a warrant. In a 68–29 vote, the Protect America Act of 2007 passed the Senate, with Hagel voting to expand FISA's provisions on warrantless surveillance.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Hagel voted in favor of Senate Amendment 2022, restoring habeas corpus, the right to due process, to American citizens detained at Guantanamo Bay detention camp, but voted against a similar resolution restoring it to all prisoners detained at Guantanamo.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In response to the Bush administration's intentions to keep Guantanamo Bay open permanently, Hagel said the military prison is why the U.S. is "losing the image war around the world," and that "It's identifiable with, for right or wrong, a part of America that people in the world believe is a power, an empire that pushes people around, we do it our way, we don't live up to our commitments to multilateral institutions."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Immigration

Hagel co-sponsored the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006.<ref>Bill Summary & Status, 109th Congress (2005 - 2006), S.2611, THOMAS database, Library of Congress, accessed December 18, 2012.</ref> He supported the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 and, with Senator Bob Menendez proposed an amendment to allow immigration authorities to consider family-unification petitions submitted by people for an additional two years, which would have allowed approximately estimated 833,000 additional individuals to seek permanent residency. The proposal received 51 votes but was defeated by a procedural maneuver.<ref>Bill Cahir, Senate immigration bill a study in complexities and contention, The Patriot-News, June 8, 2007.</ref> The bill failed to pass.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Hagel voted in favor of the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which aimed to build a Template:Convert double fence along the Mexico–United States border and appropriated $1.2 billion for the fence and a systematic surveillance system.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Committee assignments

• Committee on Foreign Relations
  • Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South and Central Asian Affairs
  • Subcommittee on African Affairs
  • Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs
  • Subcommittee on International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs, and International Environmental Protection (Ranking Member)
• Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
  • Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance and Investment
  • Subcommittee on Financial Institutions (Ranking Member)
  • Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development
• Select Committee on Intelligence
• Committee on Rules and Administration

Criticism of Bush administration

On August 18, 2005, Hagel compared the Iraq War to Vietnam, and openly mocked Vice President Dick Cheney's assertion that the Iraqi insurgency was in its "last throes."<ref>"Hagel: Iraq growing more like Vietnam; Republican Senator says Bush should meet with protesting mom". Politics. CNN, online edition, August 18, 2005. Retrieved March 4, 2007.</ref> In November 2005, Hagel defended his criticism of the Iraq war, stating "To question your government is not unpatriotic — to not question your government is unpatriotic."<ref>Glenn Kessler, Hagel Defends Criticisms of Iraq Policy, The Washington Post, November 16, 2005.</ref> In December 2005, in reference to Bush, the Republican Party, and the Patriot Act, Hagel stated "I took an oath of office to the Constitution, I didn't take an oath of office to my party or my president."<ref>Babington, Charles. "4 GOP Senators Hold Firm Against Patriot Act Renewal More Safeguards Needed, They Say". The Washington Post, online edition, December 21, 2005, p. A04. Retrieved March 4, 2007.</ref>

Senator Chuck Hagel arriving at Camp Ramadi, during a 2008 visit to U.S. Service members in Iraq

In January 2006, Hagel took issue with Karl Rove's statement that the Republican and Democratic worldviews were "post-9/11" and "pre-9/11", respectively. Hagel stated, "I didn't like what Mr. Rove said, because it frames terrorism and the issue of terrorism and everything that goes with it, whether it's the renewal of the Patriot Act or the NSA wiretapping, in a political context."<ref name="UPI_Rove">UPI. "Hagel takes issue with Rove". United Press International, online edition, January 30, 2006. Retrieved March 4, 2007.</ref>

In July 2006, Hagel criticized the Bush administration on its handling of the 2006 Lebanon War, saying "The sickening slaughter on both sides must end and it must end now. President Bush must call for an immediate cease-fire. This madness must stop." He also said "Our relationship with Israel is special and historic... But it need not and cannot be at the expense of our Arab and Muslim relationships. That is an irresponsible and dangerous false choice."<ref name="CNN_Key">"Key Republican breaks with Bush on Mideast; Nebraska's Sen. Hagel calls for immediate cease-fire", CNN, online edition, July 31, 2006, accessed December 20, 2012.</ref>

Following heavy Republican losses in the 2006 midterm election, Hagel penned an editorial in The Washington Post highly critical of military strategies both employed and proposed for Iraq. He wrote that "There will be no victory or defeat for the United States in Iraq," and called for a "phased troop withdrawal."<ref>"Leaving Iraq, Honorably". The Washington Post, Opinion by Senator C. Hagel, p. B07, online edition. November 26, 2006. Retrieved March 4, 2007.</ref> According to a SurveyUSA poll, in August 2006 Hagel had a 10% higher approval rating among Nebraska Democrats than Republicans.<ref>News Poll #9977. SurveyUSA. August 15, 2006. Retrieved March 4, 2007.</ref><ref>Profile Nebraska Senator Chuck Hagel (Republican Jr Senator). On the Issues, Retrieved March 4, 2007.</ref>

In January 2007, Hagel openly criticized President Bush's plan to send an additional 20,000 troops to Iraq. He called it "the most dangerous foreign policy blunder in this country since Vietnam, if it's carried out."<ref>Barrett, Ted. "GOP senator: Bush plan could match Vietnam blunder", CNN, online edition, January 11, 2007. Retrieved March 4, 2007.</ref> Together with Democrats Joe Biden and Carl Levin, he proposed a non-binding resolution to the Democratic-controlled Senate Foreign Relations Committee, which rejected Bush's policy as "not in the national interest" in a 12–9 vote.<ref>BBC. "US Senate panel rejects Iraq plan". BBC News, online edition, Americas, January 24, 2007. Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref> After an April 2007 visit to Iraq with U.S. congressman Joe Sestak (D-PA), Hagel stated his belief that the occupation of Iraq should not continue indefinitely and expressed his intention to cooperate with Senate Democrats in voting for a bill that would set a timeline to get out of Iraq.<ref>Barrett, Ted. "Dems Plan Senate All-nighter". CNN, Political Ticker blog, July 16, 2007. Retrieved July 16, 2007.</ref>

In November 2007, he rated the Bush administration "the lowest in capacity, in capability, in policy, in consensus—almost every area" of any presidency in the last forty years.<ref name="Hagel-conversation">Template:Cite web</ref>

2008 presidential election

In the 2008 presidential election, Hagel was seen as a likely choice to hold a top cabinet position in a future John McCain or Barack Obama administration. In 2006, McCain told The New York Times that he would be "honored to have Chuck with me in any capacity. He'd make a great Secretary of State."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Hagel was rumored to be a possible running mate for vice president for then Senator Barack Obama, in his 2008 presidential campaign.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On June 20, 2008, Hagel said he would consider running with Obama if offered the VP spot, though he added that he did not believe that Obama would pick him for the position.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Anna Jo Bratton, "Hagel says he'd consider VP offer from Obama", Associated Press, via The Arizona Republic online, June 20, 2008.</ref> At the time he also was mentioned as a potential United States Secretary of Defense to succeed incumbent Robert Gates in the Obama administration.<ref name="Madden">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Who will be Obama's running mate, Senators section, CNN, June 4, 2008, accessed December 18, 2012</ref> Hagel said that he would consider serving if asked.<ref name="breakingnews1">Template:Cite web</ref>

Hagel and Senator John McCain were close friends until 2007 when they diverged regarding Iraq policy; Hagel did not endorse McCain for President in the 2008 Republican primaries or in the general election.<ref name="Connie Bruck">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Elisabeth Bumiller, "Veterans and Senate Buddies, Until Another War Split Them," The New York Times, Jan. 12, 2013</ref> Explaining his reason for not endorsing John McCain in the 2008 election, Hagel told The New Yorker, "In good conscience, I could not enthusiastically—honestly—go out and endorse him, when we so fundamentally disagree on the future course of our foreign policy and our role in the world."<ref name="Connie Bruck"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In August 2008, Hagel indicated that he would not endorse either candidate or get involved in their campaigns.<ref>Mark Memmott and Jill Lawrence, "Sen. Hagel won't be endorsing a presidential candidate" Template:Webarchive, August 12, 2008, USA TodayTemplate:'s On Politics blog.</ref>

Retirement from U.S. Senate

During his first campaign, Hagel indicated that, were he to be elected, he would retire in 2008 after two terms in the Senate.<ref name="HagelHint">Template:Cite news</ref> In August 2004 Hagel acknowledged that he was considering a presidential campaign in 2008.<ref>Linda Feldmann, A search for GOP's heirs apparent, The Christian Science Monitor, September 1, 2004.</ref> In 2006 he cooperated with Charlyne Berens who wrote a biography titled Chuck Hagel: Moving Forward.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On September 10, 2007, Hagel announced that he would retire and not seek a third term. Hagel also remains the last person to serve two full terms in Nebraska's Class 2 Senate seat. He also declined to run for president in 2008. He decided to go into academia.<ref name="Bratton">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Hiatus from public service (2009–2013)

Hagel speaking at a forum for the Law of the Sea Convention in Washington, D.C., May 9, 2012.

America: Our Next Chapter

In Hagel's 2008 book, America: Our Next Chapter: Tough Questions, Straight Answers (with Peter Kaminsky), he suggests that the United States should adopt independent leadership and possibly another political party. He also believes that the Iraq War is one of the five biggest blunders in U.S. history. Hagel is critical of George W. Bush's foreign policy, calling it "reckless." He has been a major critic of the war since it started, and has stated that the United States should learn from its mistakes in the Vietnam War. He considered Bush's foreign policy a "ping pong game with American lives."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Service in academia and on boards of directors

Following Hagel's retirement from the Senate, in February 2009 he accepted a position as Distinguished Professor in National Governance at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was chairman of the Atlantic Council, a foreign policy think tank; co-chairman of President Obama's Intelligence Advisory Board; a member of the Defense Department's Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee and the Energy Departments Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future; a member of The Washington Center's board of directors; and a member of the Public Broadcasting Service's board of directors. In the private sector, he served on the board of directors of Chevron Corporation, Deutsche Bank's Americas Advisory Board, and the advisory board of Corsair Capital, and was a director of the Zurich Holding Company of America and a senior advisor to McCarthy Capital Corporation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In October 2012, Defense Secretary Leon Panetta asked Hagel to chair an advisory committee for the Vietnam War 50th anniversary commemoration. While a Senator, Hagel co-sponsored the bill creating the commemoration committee.<ref name=HistoryNet/>

Hagel identifies with Ronald Reagan's nuclear disarmament policies and was an initial signatory to the Global Zero campaign which advocates the international elimination of nuclear weaponry.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He also served on the board of the Ploughshares Fund, which pursues the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and seeks to prevent their use.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Endorsement of Senate candidates

In 2010, Hagel endorsed Democratic Pennsylvania congressman Joe Sestak in his run for the United States Senate.<ref>Shira Toeplitz, "Sestak gets nod from Hagel", Politico, August 23, 2010</ref> In 2012 he endorsed Democrat Bob Kerrey in the race for an open U.S. Senate seat in Nebraska.<ref>Kevin Robillard, Report: "Chuck Hagel to endorse Bob Kerrey", Politico, November 1, 2012.</ref><ref>Humberto Sanchez, "Nebraska: Bob Kerrey Nabs Chuck Hagel Endorsement" Template:Webarchive, Roll Call, November 1, 2012.</ref>

Secretary of Defense (2013–2015)

Hagel meeting with Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Martin Dempsey, and former Virginia Senator John Warner

Hagel with Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi and General al-Sisi in Cairo, April 24, 2013

Hagel with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem, May 16, 2014

Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel presents Japan's minister of defense Itsunori Onodera with a University of Nebraska Omaha tennis shirt at the joint press availability at the United States Department of Defense Washington, DC on July 11, 2014. DoD photo taken by Casper Manlangit (Released)

President Obama nominated Hagel to succeed Leon Panetta and serve as his second term Secretary of Defense on January 7, 2013.<ref>Scott Wilson and William Branigin, "Obama nominates Chuck Hagel for Defense, John Brennan for CIA", January 7, 2013, The Washington Post</ref> Hagel, who became, upon confirmation, the first former enlisted combat soldier to hold the office of Secretary of Defense, was interviewed by the Senate Armed Services Committee during a seven-and-a-half-hour hearing on January 31, 2013.<ref name=NYTJan31>Elizabether Bumiller,"Hagel Has Rough Outing Before Ex-Colleagues", The New York Times, January 31, 2013.</ref>

Nomination process

Criticism of the nomination

According to Jon Swaine writing in The Daily Telegraph, Hagel has been accused of having "views [that] verged on anti-Semitic" due to his stating in a 2006 interview with Aaron David Miller that "[t]he Jewish lobby intimidates a lot of people [on Capitol Hill]",<ref>Jon Swaine (January 6, 2013), Chuck Hagel 'to face questions' over Israel views ahead of defence secretary nomination The Daily Telegraph</ref> and "I'm not an Israeli senator. I'm a United States senator."<ref>Yitzhak Benhorin, US: Hagel nomination irks pro-Israel conservatives, Ynetnews, December 18, 2012.</ref> Hagel later clarified these remarks saying he was referring to the Israel lobby.<ref>Rachael Weiner (January 31, 2013), Hagel regrets words on Jewish lobby The Washington Post</ref> Hagel also has been criticized by the American Jewish Committee for an incident in 1999 where he was the only senator not to sign an open letter to Russian President Boris Yeltsin threatening to cut aid to Russia if it did not take action against rising anti-Semitism in the country.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, Hagel's refusal to sign the letter was consistent with his policy of never signing letters to foreign heads of state. Hagel, instead, wrote to Bill Clinton on this issue, saying "Anti-Semitism or any form of religious persecution should never be tolerated."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Hagel was criticized by The Christian Science Monitor and many Republicans, including senator John McCain, for opposing some sanctions against Iran, and for calling for dialogue with Iran and Hamas.<ref name="latimes1"/><ref name=Mulrine>Anna Mulrine, Chuck Hagel: why his candidacy for Defense post is losing altitude, The Christian Science Monitor, December 27, 2012.</ref><ref>Chuck Hagel's opponents switched gears by Shashank Bengali, Los Angeles Times, January 14, 2013.</ref><ref>"Chuck Hagel and Israel in context: A guide to his controversial statements" by Glenn Kessler, The Washington Post, January 8, 2013.</ref>

Some of Hagel's policy positions became the subject of heated debate in the Senate, including support of defense cuts, opposition to preemptive action against Iran, and support of talks with Hamas and Hezbollah. However, U.S. News & World Report cited public opinion polls and foreign policy experts to suggest that Hagel's views were within the mainstream of American foreign policy thought.<ref>*Heather Hurlburt, Chuck Hagel Is Mainstream Enough To Be Secretary of Defense, U.S. News & World Report, December 20, 2012. *HBO History Makers with Chuck Hagel Template:Webarchive Council on Foreign Relations June 14, 2012</ref> Opponents also complained of Hagel's 2011 call to have the Pentagon "pared down", saying that "[t]he Defense Department, I think in many ways, has been bloated."<ref>Stephanie Kirchgaessne (December 19, 2012), FT interview with Chuck Hagel Financial Times</ref>

The Human Rights Campaign criticized Hagel for having a "consistent anti-LGBT" voting record in the Senate and for opposing President Bill Clinton's nomination of James Hormel as the U.S. Ambassador to Luxembourg, stating that Hormel was "openly, aggressively gay." The group demanded that Hagel apologize for this 1998 remark.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Log Cabin Republicans ran full-page newspaper ads opposing Hagel's nomination.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Natalie Jennings (January 7, 2013),Log Cabin Republicans run another anti-Hagel ad The Washington Post Post Politics blog.</ref> Hagel apologized to Hormel in December 2012.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On January 24, 2013, Senator Jeanne Shaheen stated that Hagel will oppose restrictions on LGBT military family benefits.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="UL012413">Template:Cite news</ref> Shortly thereafter, on February 13, 2013, the Senate's first openly LGBT member, Tammy Baldwin (D-WI) stated that after meeting with Hagel, she would support his nomination.<ref name="AD021314">Template:Cite news</ref>

Republican Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina predicted that Hagel would be "the most antagonistic Secretary of Defense toward the State of Israel in our nation's history" and called it an "in-your-face nomination."<ref name="latimes1">Template:Cite news</ref>

The New York Times reported that the media campaign opposing Hagel's appointment was financed by new groups including a conservative group, Americans for a Strong Defense and a gay rights group, Use Your Mandate. The donors of these groups were mostly anonymous and running advertisements on issues raised by critics. The Times described the campaign as "unmatched in the annals of modern presidential cabinet appointments".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Support for the nomination

In December 2012, nine former United States ambassadors, including five former ambassadors to Israel, wrote a letter in support of nominating Hagel.<ref>Kevin Bacon, Former ambassadors open letter Template:Webarchive, Foreign Policy, December 20, 2012.</ref><ref>Friends of Chuck: the case for Hagel begins Template:Webarchive Foreign Policy December 20, 2012</ref> Brent Scowcroft, Anthony Zinni and nine other retired senior military officers signed a separate letter of support.<ref>December 21, 2012 letter in support of Chuck Hagel, reprinted in Politico, accessed January 10, 2013.</ref> Robert Gates and Colin Powell also endorsed Hagel for the nomination, with Powell calling him "that kind of independent and bold leader who thinks in and out of the box" who can "deal with the strategic and resource challenges [the Department of Defense] will be facing over the next several years."<ref name=powell>Template:Cite news</ref> Rabbi Aryeh Azriel, the senior rabbi at Temple Israel in Omaha, Nebraska since 1988, wrote in a CNN article that "[Hagel's] record shows strong support for Israel" and that Hagel understands "the Israeli people and their desire to live in peace and security." He added that "Recent efforts to smear Chuck ... ultimately that hurts the long-term security of the state of Israel."<ref>"Chuck Hagel is a friend to Israel" by Aryeh Azriel, Special to CNN, January 14, 2013.</ref>

Defenses of Hagel have included opinion pieces by writers Amy Davidson,<ref>Behind the Ugly Attacks on Chuck Hagel, The New Yorker, December 23, 2012.</ref> Thomas Friedman,<ref>Thomas Friedman, Give Chuck a chance, The New York Times, December 25, 2012.</ref> and Robert Wright, with Wright objecting to what he called "McCarthyite" smears against Hagel.<ref>Robert Wright, Chuck Hagel Gets His Second Wind, December 26, 2012</ref> Jeremy Ben-Ami, President of the liberal lobby group J Street, said: "The notion that Chuck Hagel is anti-Israel is ludicrous. The notion that he is anti-Semitic is slanderous."<ref name=Mulrine/> Harvard University Professor Stephen Walt, co-author of a 2007 book critical of the Israeli lobby wrote in Foreign Policy that "The real meaning of the Hagel affair is what it says about the climate inside Washington. Simply put, the question is whether supine and reflexive support for all things Israeli remains a prerequisite for important policy positions here in the Land of the Free."<ref>Stephen Walt, What's at stake in the Hagel affair Template:Webarchive, Foreign Policy, December 26, 2012.</ref>

Commentators at The American Conservative<ref>Daniel Larison (December 19, 2012), The Attempted Borking of Chuck Hagel The American Conservative</ref><ref>W. James Antle III (December 24, 2012), Somehow a Republican The American Conservative</ref><ref>Scott McConnell (January 7, 2013), Hagel in History's Cockpit The American Conservative</ref> and Pat Buchanan<ref>Pat Buchanan (December 28, 2012), Why the War Party Fears Hagel buchanan.org</ref> endorsed Hagel. Hagel's nomination received support from Antiwar.com founder Justin Raimondo and the libertarian think tank Cato Institute;<ref>Christopher A. Preble (December 13, 2012), Chuck Hagel Would Be an Excellent Secretary of Defense, Cato Institute</ref> Justin Logan, director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, expressed the hope that Hagel's confirmation might "loosen the neoconservative stranglehold on the GOP."<ref>Justin Logan (January 7, 2013), Why Americans Should Care about the Hagel Nomination, Cato Institute</ref>

Senate hearing and votes

Leon Panetta with President Barack Obama, after announcing his nomination of Chuck Hagel as the next Defense Secretary at the White House, January 7, 2013.

During his Senate hearing opening statement Hagel said that he endorsed use of American military power, supported Israel and supported using special operations forces and unmanned combat aerial vehicles ("drones") on terrorist groups in Yemen, Somalia and North Africa. He stated "I believe, and always have, that America must engage—not retreat—in the world". During the hearing he explained his 2001 and 2002 votes against unilateral American sanctions on Iran as being for strategic reasons. He said he supported President Obama's drawing down troops in Afghanistan and said he would do "everything possible under current law" to support gay and women service members equal benefits and combat roles.<ref name=NYTJan31/><ref>Transcript: Hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee on the Nomination of Chuck Hagel to be Secretary of Defense, submitted by Robert Naiman on February 1, 2013, at Justforeignpolicy.org, accessed February 10, 2013.</ref>

Hagel faced sharp questioning from Republicans. Senator John McCain berated him for refusing to give a yes or no answer to the question of whether the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 was a success. Senator Lindsey Graham demanded he "name one dumb thing we've been goaded into doing because of the pressure from the Israeli or Jewish lobby."<ref name=NYTJan31/> Hagel stated "I've already said I regret referencing the Jewish lobby, I should have said, 'pro-Israel lobby. ... The use of 'intimidation'—I should have used 'influence.' I think that would have been more appropriate. I should not have said 'dumb' or 'stupid,' because I understand or appreciate there are other views on these things.".<ref>"In hearings, Chuck Hagel expands on 'Jewish lobby' apology" Template:Webarchive, Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA), January 31, 2013.</ref> Senator Ted Cruz played video excerpts from a 2009 Al Jazeera interview and asserted that Hagel had agreed with a caller who suggested that Israel had committed war crimes. Hagel denied he agreed with that view.<ref name=NYTJan31 /> After the hearing, Cruz organized a letter from 25 Republican senators saying they would not vote until Hagel gave them copies of speeches given to organizations and told them the amount he was paid and whether the organizations received money from foreign sources. Lindsey Graham said they wanted to know if he spoke for any "anti-Israel" groups. Senate Committee chair Carl Levin said the demands were unprecedented, asking "for information no prior nominee has been asked for," and expressed confidence Hagel would be approved by the Senate.<ref>Laura Litvan, "Levin Says Committee Will Vote on Hagel as Soon as Possible", Bloomberg L.P., February 7, 2013.</ref><ref>Jeremy Herb, "Levin: Hagel demands unprecedented", The Hill, February 7, 2013.</ref>

Cloture and final vote

Despite the committee's February 12, 2013, 14-to-11 vote to approve Hagel, committee member James Inhofe vowed to use procedural tactics to delay a full Senate confirmation vote.<ref>Jeremy W. Peters, Hagel Nomination Clears Panel After Combative Debate, The New York Times, February 12, 2013.</ref> Inhofe told the National Review "Each day that goes by will make it more difficult for Democrats who say they are pro-Israel to hold out."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On February 14 Republicans refused to close debate on Hagel's nomination, which would require 60 votes, even though the nomination was assured the simple majority of votes needed to pass. Reasons given included a demand for more White House information about the 2012 Benghazi attack, remaining questions about Hagel's views on Iran and Israel, and assertions two weeks after the hearings was insufficient time. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said the Republicans were politically motivated<ref name=Zengerle>Patricia Zengerle, Democrats decry delay in vote for Hagel as defense chief, Reuters, February 14, 2013.</ref> and that the vote would proceed after the recess.<ref>Susan Davis and David Jackson, Senate blocks Hagel nomination - for now, USA Today, February 14, 2013.</ref>

Senate Republicans successfully filibustered his nomination after a cloture vote failed 58–40 with one present and one not voting. This filibuster marked the first time a nominee for Secretary of Defense was successfully filibustered.<ref name="U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 113th Congress - 1st Session">Template:Cite web</ref>

The Senate voted 71-27 for cloture on Hagel's nomination on February 26, 2013.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Later that day the Senate voted to make Hagel the Secretary of Defense by a vote of 58–41.<ref name="LAtimes"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Criticism of the process

The hearings were criticized in the media. In Time magazine Brandon Friedman presented a chart showing that Israel was mentioned 106 times while Afghanistan was mentioned only 24 times; nuclear-armed Pakistan was barely mentioned. Friedman asked if the Senate committee was more concerned with Hagel's "relationship with Israel than with the future of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the fate of U.S. troops engaged in both locations."<ref>Brandon Friedman, Just Who Do They Represent: At Hagel Hearing, Concern for Israel Tops U.S. Troops in Combat, Time magazine, February 4, 2013.</ref> A Michael McGough Op-Ed in the Los Angeles Times was titled "Hagel hearings: Is Israel more important than Afghanistan?"<ref>Michael McGough, Hagel hearings: Is Israel more important than Afghanistan?, Los Angeles Times, February 7, 2013.</ref> Gene Healy in Reason called the hearings "farcical" and wrote there was "plenty of bloviating, grandstanding and browbeating—but, apparently, not enough time for serious deliberation over key policy questions facing any new Pentagon chief."<ref>Gene Healy, Gene Healy: Chuck Hagel's farcical hearings, Reason, February 4, 2013.</ref>

Mark Mardell, the BBC News North America editor, criticized the "whole process, which has been used not to examine a candidate's fitness for high office, but to underline the rather obvious fact that the Obama administration does not share the world view of Republican senators, and they don't like their former colleague joining it."<ref name="Mardell">Template:Cite news</ref> Mardell noted the senators repeatedly "insisted he gave a simple 'yes' or 'no' to complex questions. These are old men who hold themselves in high regard, but seem to see serious examination of difficult problems as a personal affront. They desperately want to play 'gotcha', but haven't the self-restraint to design effective questions." Mardell called Senator Hagel "equally unimpressive, almost unprepared, for a level of hostility that had been signalled long in advance. Neither smart, nor humble, his tactic seemed to be a kind of bumbling blandness." According to Mardell, only Cruz was effective and well-prepared, as "he ripped into the nominee with all the skill honed as a Texas solicitor general."<ref name="Mardell"/>

Tenure

Hagel starts his day reading newspaper excerpts in the Early Bird, (The U.S. Department of Defense early morning newspaper.) in Kabul, Afghanistan, March 9, 2013

Hagel was sworn in on February 27, 2013, taking over from Leon Panetta.

In May 2013, during a visit to Asian countries whose "main doubt" was American staying power in the region, Hagel called the decline of American military power a "good thing", because it forced American allies to share responsibilities.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On July 31, 2013, Hagel announced the results of his Strategic Choices and Management Review, undertaken in response to the budget sequestration in 2013.<ref>"Statement on Strategic Choices and Management Review."</ref> One of the options he highlighted was to reduce the navy's aircraft carrier groups down from 11 to as little as eight.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On August 27, 2013, Hagel told the BBC that the United States was ready to launch a strike against Syria if given the orders.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:U.S. Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel, center left, introduces himself to Turkish military leaders Sept 140908-D-NI589-553.jpg

Hagel shakes hands with Turkish General Erdal Öztürk. Öztürk was later arrested in connection with the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt.

Hagel has pushed National Guard leadership to provide benefits for same-sex domestic partnerships, as directed by the Department of Defense.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Speaking at the Halifax International Security Forum in November 2013,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Hagel announced the Pentagon's new Arctic strategy<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> emphasizing the commitment of the United States to "detect, deter, prevent and defeat threats to the United States, and continue to exercise US sovereignty in and around Alaska".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He also called for more international cooperation to protect the Arctic's environment<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and to keep the region "peaceful, stable and free of conflict".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:Chuck Hagel and Ursula von der Leyen at the NATO summit, September 2014.jpg

Chuck Hagel and Ursula von der Leyen at the September 2014 NATO summit in Newport, Wales

In December 2013, after the suspension of an Association Agreement with the EU by the Ukrainian Government of President Victor Yanukovych in November 2013 had led to massive protests, Hagel in a phone call warned the Ukrainian Minister of Defense Pavlo Lebedyev "not to use the armed forces of Ukraine against the civilian population in any fashion".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> After Yanukovych's impeachment and the beginning of the Crimean crisis in February 2014, Hagel warned Russia against military maneuvers "that could be misinterpreted, or lead to miscalculation during a very delicate time".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In several phone calls with the Russian Minister of Defense Sergey Shoygu<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Hagel expressed deep concerns about Russian military activities near the Ukrainian border and called for an end of any "destabilizing influence inside Ukraine". He was assured by Shoygu that the Russian army would not invade Ukraine.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref> Speaking in April 2023, Hagel said that unfortunately in 2014 the Ukrainian armed forces were in no condition to receive advanced weaponry in order to reverse the course of events.<ref name="chl19"/>

In May 2014, speaking at the Wilson Center on the future of NATO, Hagel focused on the alliance's imbalance in defense spending and called for "renewed financial commitments from all NATO members". According to Hagel, the alliance "should expect Russia to test our alliance's purpose, stamina and commitment":<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="twcch">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="twcsod">Template:Cite newsTemplate:US DOS</ref> Template:Cquote Hagel was not insensitive to the European dependence on Russian natural gas and consequent exposure to "Russia’s coercive energy policies". In fact he saw even then an opportunity for North American producers. NATO's European allies were "positioned" to reduce their natural gas imports from Russia by more than 25% and the U.S. Department of Energy had conditionally approved export permits for American liquefied natural gas that add up to more than half of Europe's gas imports from Russia.<ref name=twcsod/>

Hagel was instrumental in formulating the 2014 NATO Wales summit declaration, in which the Allies agreed to increase (over a period of ten years) their defence expenditures.<ref name="natowsd">Template:Cite news</ref> The target of 2% GDP, formulated as a trial balloon at the 2006 NATO Riga summit by then-NATO Ambassador Victoria Nuland,<ref name=jtce/> had been scorned by most in Europe, for example Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. Only three alliance members did so in 2014.<ref name="alozius21">Template:Cite journal</ref> In light of the Russo-Ukrainian war, the issue had assumed increased political relevance.<ref name="jtce">Template:Cite news</ref>

File:SecDef visits Israel - May 15-16, 2014 140515-D-BW835-272 (14006585759).jpg

Chuck Hagel with IDF General Benny Gantz and Moshe Ya'alon

During his time as Secretary of Defense, he was known for the close relationship he formed with Israeli defense officials, in particular Moshe Ya'alon, who described Hagel as a 'true friend'.<ref name="jpost.com">Ya'alon praises Chuck Hagel as 'true friend' By MICHAEL WILNER, HERB KEINON, November 24, 2014</ref> Even as his relations with the White House deteriorated, Hagel was positively viewed by Israeli military officials, which was seen as a stark contrast to the way Hagel was perceived by some in Washington prior to his appointment.<ref name="jpost.com"/>

Resignation

On November 24, 2014, The New York Times reported that Hagel would be resigning from his position as Secretary of Defense under pressure from the Obama administration, in particular because of a dispute with NSA Advisor Susan E. Rice over Syria policy. The administration under Hagel's watch had struggled to articulate a strategy to defeat ISIL in both Iraq and Syria.<ref name=nytrch>Helene Cooper, Hagel Resigns Under Pressure as Global Crises Test Pentagon, The New York Times, November 24, 2014</ref> Later that day, President Obama announced Hagel's resignation and thanked him for his service. Hagel said in a statement, "You should know I did not make this decision lightly. But after much discussion, the President and I agreed that now was the right time for new leadership here at the Pentagon."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Hagel did not deny rumors that Obama asked for his resignation, but he explicitly contended that it was a "mutual decision" between him and President Obama.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Senator John McCain offered his own insight: Hagel was frustrated with the White House decision-making process, national security policy, and "excessive micromanagement" within the White House.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In December 2015, during an interview with Foreign Policy, Hagel stated he was "backstabbed" and accused Obama administration officials of making anonymous comments after his resignation in an effort to destroy his reputation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Hagel continued in post until the confirmation of his successor, Ash Carter, in February 2015.

Retirement

In 2019 Hagel funded the annual Hagel Lecture at the University of Chicago Project for Security and Threats,<ref name="chl19">Template:Cite news</ref> and on 17 October 2019 gave a keynote speech at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in Hamburg to address: "How healthy is the ocean’s constitution? 25 Years of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea".<ref name="howhealthy">Template:Cite news</ref>

2020 presidential election

In 2020, Hagel, along with over 130 other former Republican national security officials, signed a statement that asserted that President Trump was unfit to serve another term, and "To that end, we are firmly convinced that it is in the best interest of our nation that Vice President Joe Biden be elected as the next President of the United States, and we will vote for him."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Hagel, along with more than 100 Republican former national security officials, signed a letter in November 2020 that stated that the delay of the presidential transition imperiled the security of the nation. The 9/11 Commission finding that the shortened transition to the administration of George W. Bush during the disputed 2000 presidential election "hampered the new administration in identifying, recruiting, clearing, and obtaining Senate confirmation of key appointees" was mentioned in the statement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Hagel, along with all other former secretaries of defense, nine in total, published a Washington Post op-ed piece in January 2021 telling President Trump not to involve the military in determining the outcome of the 2020 elections.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Awards and honors

In 2001, Hagel was awarded the Horatio Alger Award for Distinguished Americans.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was also granted the title of Nebraska Admiral by Nebraska's governor, an honorary title, considering Nebraska is a landlocked state.

On June 7, 2001, Hagel gave the commencement address for North Central College and was given an honorary L.L.D.<ref name="NCC">Template:Cite web</ref> He was the keynote speaker at the College of William & Mary's Charter Day in 2007, at which he was awarded an honorary degree of Public Service.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On March 3, 2008, he led a town meeting on domestic and foreign policy issues at the University of Maryland, at which the Center for American Politics and Citizenship (CAPC) gave him the Millard Tydings Award for Courage and Leadership in American Politics.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Hagel served as the 2010 Clifford P. Case Professor of Public Affairs at Rutgers University's Eagleton Institute of Politics, speaking at public programs in New Brunswick and Newark, New Jersey.<ref>Eagleton Institute Report, 2009-2010 Template:Webarchive PDF, Eagleton Institute, p. 4, accessed December 18, 2012.</ref>

Hagel was also the featured speaker at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the American Chemistry Council at Colorado Springs.

Personal life

Hagel has two younger brothers: Thomas, a professor at the University of Dayton School of Law,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and Michael, an artist resident in Omaha, Nebraska.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Hagel's third brother, James, died in an automobile accident at the age of 16.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Hagel was raised in the Roman Catholic faith, but converted to the Episcopal Church.<ref>cached excerpt from Charlyne Berens' biography, Chuck Hagel, which refers to Hagel's parents as "pillars of their Catholic church"; Hagel's father; Charles Hagel had converted to the Catholic faith of his wife. Page 17 of the same work refers to Hagel as "now an Episcopalian."</ref>

In 1979, Hagel married Patricia Lloyd. The couple separated in 1981 and divorced a year later.<ref>Charlyne Berens, Chuck Hagel: Moving Forward, University of Nebraska Press (2006), p. 53. </ref> He married his second wife, Lilibet Ziller, in April 1985. The couple live with their daughter, Allyn, and son, Ziller, in McLean, Virginia.<ref>Robert G. Kaiser. "The Political Veteran: He Survived Vietnam and Won the Senate. Could Chuck Hagel Take the White House?". The Washington Post, Monday, November 15, 2004; p. C01. Retrieved July 10, 2007.</ref>

While a Senator, Hagel had a tradition of wearing costumes to work on Halloween, usually masquerading as one of his colleagues or other notable political figures, including Joe Biden, John McCain, Colin Powell, and Pat Roberts in past years.<ref name="Kornreich">Template:Cite news</ref> He gave back a portion of his salary for the 2013 fiscal year in solidarity with his department's workers who were facing 14 days of furloughs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Hagel is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In October 2022, Hagel joined Issue One's Council for Responsible Social Media project to address the negative mental, civic, and public health impacts of social media in the United States co-chaired by former House Democratic Caucus Leader Dick Gephardt and former Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor Kerry Healey.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Further reading

• Charlyne Berens, Chuck Hagel: Moving Forward, University of Nebraska Press (2006)

External links

• Hagel Joins MIC Industries
• Corsair Capital
• Template:C-SPAN
• U.S. Senator Chuck Hagel Archives at the Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library
  • U.S. Senator Chuck Hagel Archives finding aid at the Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library
  • Digital collection including selected speeches of Senator Chuck Hagel at the Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library
  • Charles Timothy Hagel: A Life in Photographs online exhibit from the Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library
  • Parading Around: Chuck Hagel Campaign Parades and Events online exhibit from the Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library
  • Life of a Senator: Schedules in a Senate Office online exhibit from the Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library
  • In the News: Press, Media, and Speeches in the Hagel Archives online exhibit from the Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library
  • Under the Bright Lights: Videos in the Hagel Archives online exhibit from the Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library
  • At Home in Nebraska online exhibit from the Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library

Documentaries, topic pages and databases

• Template:CongLinks

Selected speeches

• Speech on U.S.-Iran Relations, Senate Speeches, U.S. Government, February 22, 2007

Selected news articles

• Josh Rogin, Chuck Hagel does not like sanctions Template:Webarchive, Foreign Policy, December 17, 2012e
• Template:Cite magazine
• Sen. Chuck Hagel Interview (video), The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, March 31, 2008
• Hagel low on cash on hand, raising retirement issue, The Hill, January 30, 2007
• Joseph Lelyveld, "The Heartland Dissident", New York Times Magazine, February 12, 2006
• Chuck Hagel: A Christmas Present, and Past, The Washington Post, December 22, 2005
• Interview C-SPAN Q&A, November 13, 2005
• Hagel’s ethics filings pose disclosure issue, The Hill, January 29, 2003

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