Craig Claiborne

Craig Claiborne (September 4, 1920Template:Spaced ndash January 22, 2000<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>) was an American restaurant critic, food journalist and book author. A long-time food editor and restaurant critic for The New York Times, he was also the author of numerous cookbooks and an autobiography. Over the course of his career, he made many contributions to gastronomy and food writing in the United States.<ref name=nyt1>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early life

Born in Sunflower, Mississippi, Claiborne was raised on the region's distinctive cuisine in the kitchen of his mother's boarding house in Indianola, Mississippi.Template:Cn

He essayed in premedical studies at the Mississippi State College from 1937 to 1939. Finding it to be unsuitable, he then transferred to the University of Missouri, where he majored in journalism and got his B.A. degree.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Claiborne served in the U.S. Navy during World War II and the Korean War. After deciding that his true passion lay in cooking, he used his G.I. Bill benefits to attend the École hôtelière de Lausanne (Lausanne Hotel School), located in Lausanne, Switzerland.Template:Cn

Career

File:Craig Claiborne, Chef and Gormondiser.jpg

Claiborne in 1982

Returning to the U.S. from Europe, he worked his way up in the food-publishing business in New York City, New York, as a contributor to Gourmet magazine and a food-product publicist, finally becoming the food editor of The New York Times in 1957 following the Times' first food editor, Jane Nickerson. Journalism historian Kimberly Wilmot Voss said Nickerson had laid the foundation for modern professional food writing and that while Claiborne has been credited with modernizing the profession, Nickerson had started down that path years before he was hired as her replacement.<ref name="siftonNYT8apr2021"">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":2">Template:Cite journal</ref> According to Voss, Nickerson "discovered" both Claiborne and James Beard.<ref name=":3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Claiborne was the first man to supervise the food page at a major American newspaper and is credited with broadening The New York Times's coverage of new restaurants and innovative chefs. A typical food section of a newspaper in the 1950s was largely targeted to a female readership and limited to columns on entertaining and cooking for the upscale homemaker. Claiborne brought his knowledge of cuisine and own passion for food to the pages, transforming it into an important cultural and social bellwether for New York City and the nation at large.

Claiborne's columns, reviews and cookbooks introduced a generation of Americans to a variety of ethnic cuisinesTemplate:Spaced ndash particularly Asian and Mexican cuisinesTemplate:Spaced ndash at a time when average Americans had conservative tastes in food, and what little gourmet cooking was available in cities like New York was exclusively French (and, Claiborne observed, not terribly high quality). Looking to hold restaurants accountable for what they served and help the public make informed choices about where to spend their dining dollars, he created the four-star system of rating restaurants still used by The New York Times and which has been widely imitated. Claiborne's reviews were exacting and uncompromising, but he also approached his task as a critic with an open mind and eye for cooking that was different, creative and likely to appeal to his readers.

Inspired by food writers including M. F. K. Fisher, Claiborne also enjoyed documenting his own eating experiences and the discovery of new talent and new culinary trends across the country and across the world. Among the many then-unknown chefs he brought to the public's attention was the New Orleans, Louisiana, chef and restaurateur Paul Prudhomme. At the time, few people outside America's Deep South had any awareness of Louisiana's Cajun culture or its unique culinary traditions.

Along with chef, author and television personality Julia Child, Claiborne has been credited with making the often intimidating world of French and other ethnic cuisine accessible to an American audience and American tastes. Claiborne authored or edited over twenty cookbooks on a wide range of foods and culinary styles, including some of the first best-selling cookbooks dedicated to healthy, low-sodium and low-cholesterol diets. He had a long-time professional relationship and collaborated on many books and projects with the French-born New York City chef, author and television personality Pierre Franey. Claiborne was an advocate of a fad diet known as the Gourmet Diet. With Franey, he worked out two hundred low-sodium, low-cholesterol recipes for this diet.<ref>Crown, Elizabeth F. (1980). Craig Claiborne's Gourmet Diet. Journal of the American Medical Association 244 (20): 2355.</ref>

The $4,000 meal

In 1975, he placed a $300 winning bid at a charity auction for a no-price-limit dinner for two at any restaurant of the winner's choice, sponsored by American Express. Selecting Franey as his dining companion, the two settled on Chez Denis, a noted restaurant located in Paris, France, where they racked up a $4,000 tab (Template:Inflation) on a five-hour, thirty-one-course meal of foie gras, truffles, lobster, caviar and rare wines.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When Claiborne later wrote about the experience in his New York Times column, the newspaper received a deluge of reader mail expressing outrage at such an extravagance at a time when so many in the world went without. Even the Vatican and Pope Paul VI criticized it, calling it "scandalous."<ref name=carmel/> It was also noted that he and Franey ordered nearly every dish on the menu, but they took only a few bites of each one. Despite its scale and expense, Claiborne gave the meal a mixed review, noting that several dishes fell short in terms of conception, presentation or quality.

Death and legacy

Claiborne, who suffered from a variety of health problems in his later years, died at age 79 at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York. No cause of death was given.<ref name=carmel>"Craig Claiborne, pioneering New York Times food critic, dies at 79" (January 24, 2000) Mount Carmel Daily Republican Register, Mount Carmel, Illinois</ref> In his will, he bequeathed his estate to The Culinary Institute of America, located in Hyde Park, New York.

Bibliography

• The New York Times Cookbook (1961) Harper & Row
• The New York Times Menu Cook Book (1966) Harper & Row Template:ISBN
• The New York Times International Cookbook (1971) Harper & Row Template:ISBN
• Craig Claiborne's Favorites from The New York Times Vol. 1 (1975) Times Books Template:ISBN
• Craig Claiborne's Favorites from the New York Times Vol. 2 (1976) Times Books Template:ISBN
• Craig Claiborne's Favorites from the New York Times Vol. 3 (1977) Times Books Template:ISBN
• Craig Claiborne's Favorites from the New York Times Vol. 4 (1978) Random House Trade Template:ISBN
• Cooking with Herbs and Spices (1977) Bantam Books Template:ISBN
• Veal Cookery (1978) (with Pierre Franey) Harper-Collins Template:ISBN
• Classic French Cooking (1978) Time-Life Foods of the World Template:ISBN
• Craig Claiborne's The New New York Times Cookbook (1980) with Pierre Franey, New York Times Books, Template:ISBN
• A Feast Made for Laughter (1982) autobiography, Doubleday Template:ISBN
• The Master Cooking Course (1982) (with Pierre Franey), Putnam Pub. Group Template:ISBN
• Cooking with Craig Claiborne and Pierre Franey (1985) Ballantine Books Template:ISBN
• Craig Claiborne's Memorable Meals Menus, Memories and Recipes from over Twenty Years of Entertaining (1985) E P Dutton Template:ISBN
• Craig Claiborne's The New York Times Food Encyclopedia (1985) Crown Books Template:ISBN
• Craig Claiborne's Gourmet Diet (1985) (with Pierre Franey), Ballantine Books Template:ISBN
• Craig Claiborne's Southern Cooking (1987) New York Times Books Template:ISBN
• The New York Times Cook Book Revised Edition (1990) Harper & Row Template:ISBN
• Elements of Etiquette: A Guide to Table Manners in an Imperfect World (1992) William Morrow & Co Template:ISBN
• The Chinese Cookbook (1992) (with Virginia Lee) HarperCollins Template:ISBN
• Craig Claiborne's Kitchen Primer (1993) Random House Template:ISBN
• The Best of Craig Claiborne: 1,000 Recipes from His New York Times Food Columns and Four of His Classic Cookbooks (1999) Times Books Template:ISBN

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• (story on $4000 meal is anthologized in) American Food Writing: An Anthology with Classic Recipes, ed. Molly O'Neill (Library of America, 2007) Template:ISBN

Quotes

• "Cooking is at once child's play and adult joy. And cooking done with care is an act of love."
• "I am simply of the opinion that you cannot be taught to write. You have to spend a lifetime in love with words." (A Feast for Laughter, p. 150)

See also

• List of American print journalists
• List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people
• List of people from Mississippi
• List of people from New York City

External links

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• Miller, Bryan (January 24, 2000). "Craig Claiborne, 79, Times Food Editor And Critic, Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2012.
• Obituary at the London South Bank University.
• Jenna Orkin Interviews New York Food Critic Craig Claiborne, circa 1985. Includes a discussion of his homosexuality.