Daoyin

The Daoyin Tu, a painting on silk depicting the practice of daoyin; unearthed in 1973 in Hunan Province, China, from the 168 BC Western Han burial site of Mawangdui, Tomb Number 3.

Daoyin is a series of cognitive body and mind unity exercises practiced as a form of Daoist neigong, meditation and mindfulness to cultivate jing (essence) and direct and refine qi, the internal energy of the body according to traditional Chinese medicine.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> These exercises are often divided into yin positions (lying and sitting) and yang positions (standing and moving).<ref name=":0">Taoist Ways of Healing by Chee Soo. Chapter 11 "Tao Yin - Taoist Respiration Therapy". p. 113. Aquarian Press/Thorsons - HarperCollins, 1986.</ref> The practice of daoyin was a precursor of qigong, and blended with the introduction of Indian yoga into China with the spread of Buddhism<ref name="Huang 1987">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and was practised in Chinese Taoist monasteries for health and spiritual cultivation.<ref name="Huang 1987" /> Daoyin is also said to be<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> a primary formative ingredient in the yin aspects of Chinese martial arts including the well-known "soft styles" of the Chinese martial arts, of tai chi,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and middle road styles like Wuxingheqidao.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The main goal of daoyin is to create flexibility of the mind, thereby creating harmony between internal and external environments, which relaxes, replenishes and rejuvenates the body, developing in its practitioners a vital and healthy spirit.<ref name=":0" />

The Daoyin Tu

Original Daoyin Tu Drawings of Guiding and Pulling in the Mawangdui Silk Texts

File:Daoyin tu - chart for leading and guiding people in exercise Wellcome L0036007.jpg

Reconstructed Daoyin tu Drawings of Guiding and Pulling in the Mawangdui Silk Texts

A painted scroll on display at the Hunan Provincial Museum and known as the Daoyin Tu found in tomb three at Mawangdui in 1973 and dated to 168 BC shows coloured drawings of 44 figures in standing and sitting postures performing daoyin exercises. It is the earliest known physical exercise chart in the world, and illustrates a medical system which does not rely on external factors such as medication, surgery or treatments, but utilizes solely internal factors to prevent disease.

The images include men and women, young and old. Their postures and movements differ from one another. Some are sitting, some are standing, and still others are practicing Daoyintu or exercising using apparatuses.

Translation of the texts covering the document show that the early Chinese were aware of the need for both preventive and corrective breathing exercises. The exercises can be divided into three categories:

1. Postures of bodily exercises such as stretching arms and legs, leaning over, hopping, dancing, breathing exercises and using various equipment such as a stick and a ball.
2. Imitating animal behaviour such as dragon, monkey, bear and crane.
3. Exercises targeted at specific diseases.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Effects

A typical daoyin exercise will involve movement of the arms and body in time with controlled inhalation and exhalation. Each exercise is designed with a different goal in mind, for example calmative effects or expanded lung capacity.

According to Mantak Chia the practice of daoyin has the following effects: harmonization of the qi, relaxation of the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm, training of the "second brain" in the lower abdomen, improvement of health and structural alignment.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The spiritual aspects of Wuxingheqidao, Daoyin practice are outlined by Chinese Buddhist's and medical practitioner Xieen as a way to unify the three centres or the mind allowing the body to relax becoming internally emotionally and spiritually stronger and outwardly softer and more flexible towards changes in the environment and everyday life.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

See also

• Chinese alchemy
• Dantian
• Huangdi Neijing
• Internal alchemy
• Jing
• Lee-style tai chi
• Qigong
• Silk reeling
• Taoist philosophy
• Wudang Mountains
• Yangsheng (Daoism)
• Yin Yoga
• Yinshu
• Zhang Sanfeng

References

Template:Reflist 8. Smith, Ronald and Carmone, Antonio (2022), Shadows of Mawangdui Animating the Daoyintu, Three Pines Press, ISBN 9781931483704

External links

• Entry on Daoyin from the Center for Daoist Studies
• The origin of Daoyin Inscription from a Warring State Period cultural relic - neigong.net
• Theory of essence Qi and spirit - neigong.net
• Entry on Tao Yin at the Seahorse Mediawiki Template:Webarchive
• 马王堆汉墓陈列全景数字展厅—湖湖南省博物馆 (Virtual tour of the Mawangdui Han Tombs exhibit at the Hunan Provincial Museum).