Wudang Mountains
Template:Short description Template:Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site Template:Infobox Chinese
The Wudang Mountains (Template:Zh) are a mountain range in the northwestern part of Hubei, China. They are home to a famous complex of Taoist temples and monasteries associated with the Lord of the North, Xuantian Shangdi. The Wudang Mountains are renowned for the practice of tai chi and Taoism as the Taoist counterpart to the Shaolin Monastery,<ref name="wudanglife">Template:Cite web</ref> which is affiliated with Chan Buddhism. The Wudang Mountains are one of the "Four Sacred Mountains of Taoism" in China, an important destination for Taoist pilgrimages. The monasteries such as the Wudang Garden<ref name="wudanglife"/> were made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 because of their religious significance and architectural achievement.<ref name=unesco/>
Geography
On Chinese maps, the name "Wudangshan" (Template:Zh) is applied both to the entire mountain range (which runs east-west along the southern edge of the Han River, crossing several county-level divisions of Shiyan), and to the group of peaks located within Wudangshan subdistrict of Danjiangkou, Shiyan. It is the latter specific area which is known as a Taoist center.<ref name=maps>Road Atlas of Hubei (湖北省公路里程地图册; Hubei Sheng Gonglu Licheng Dituce), published by 中国地图出版社 SinoMaps Press, 2007, Template:ISBN. Page 11 (Shiyan City), and the map of the Wudangshan world heritage area, within the back cover.</ref>
Modern maps show the elevation of the highest of the peaks in the Wudang Shan "proper" as 1612 meters;<ref name=maps/><ref name="Atlas of World Heritage: China"/> however, the entire Wudangshan range has somewhat higher elevations elsewhere.<ref name=maps/>
Some consider the Wudang Mountains to be a "branch" of the Daba Mountains range,<ref name="Atlas of World Heritage: China">Template:Cite book</ref> which is a major mountain system in western Hubei, Shaanxi, Chongqing and Sichuan.
History
For centuries, the mountains of Wudang have been known as an important center of Taoism, especially famous for its Taoist versions of martial arts or tai chi.<ref name="Wang">Template:Cite news</ref>
The first sacred site—the Five Dragons Temple—was constructed at the behest of Emperor Taizong of Tang.<ref name=unesco>Template:Cite web</ref> Further structures were added during the Song and Yuan dynasties, while the largest complex on the mountain was built during the Ming dynasty (14th–17th centuries) as the Yongle Emperor claimed to enjoy the protection of the god Beidi or Xuantian Shangdi.<ref name=unesco/> During the Ming Dynasty, 9 palaces, 9 monasteries, 36 nunneries and 72 temples were located at the site.<ref name=unesco/> Temples regularly had to be rebuilt, and not all survived; the oldest existing structures are the Golden Hall and the Ancient Bronze Shrine, made in 1307.<ref name=unesco/> Other noted structures include Nanyang Palace (built in 1285–1310 and extended in 1312), the stone-walled Forbidden City of the Taihe Palace at the peak (built in 1419), and the Purple Cloud Temple (built in 1119–1126, rebuilt in 1413 and extended in 1803–1820).<ref name=unesco/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Today, 53 ancient buildings still survive.<ref name=unesco/>
On January 19, 2003, the 600-year-old Yuzhengong Palace at the Wudang Mountains burned down after accidentally being set on fire by an employee of a martial arts school.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A fire broke out in the hall, reducing the three rooms that covered 200 square meters to ashes. A gold-plated statue of Zhang Sanfeng, which was usually housed in Yuzhengong, was moved to another building just before the fire, and so escaped destruction in the inferno.<ref name="Wang"/>
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The Purple Cloud monastery at Wudang Mountains
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The Gate of Yuan Wu at Wudang Mountains
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Purple Heaven Palace
Association with martial arts
Template:Main Template:See also Template:Chinese martial arts At the first national martial arts tournament organized by the Central Guoshu Institute in 1928, participants were separated into practitioners of Shaolin and Wudang styles. Styles considered to belong to the latter group—called Wudangquan—are those with a strong element of Taoist neidan exercises. Typical examples of Wudangquan are tai chi, xingyiquan, Bajiquan and baguazhang. According to legend, tai chi was created by the Taoist hermit sage Zhang Sanfeng, who lived in the Wudang mountains.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Wudangquan has been partly reformed to fit the PRC sport and health promotion program. The third biannual Traditional Wushu Festival was held in the Wudang Mountains from October 28 to November 2, 2008.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
See also
- Xuantian Shangdi
- Five Immortals Temple
- Golden Hall
- Purple Cloud Temple
- Silk reeling
- Daoyin
- Zhang Sanfeng
- Yang Luchan
- Wudang School
- Wudangquan
References
Bibliography
- Pierre-Henry de Bruyn, Le Wudang Shan: Histoire des récits fondateurs, Paris, Les Indes savantes, 2010, 444 pp.
External links
- Template:Commons category-inline
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites descriptions
- Wudang Mountain Kung Fu Academy (Founded by the government)
- International Wudang Federation (including training in Wudangshan) Template:Webarchive
- Wudang Global Federation
Template:Sacred Mountains of China Template:National parks of China Template:Hubei topics