Donna Shalala

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox officeholder Donna Edna Shalala (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell; born February 14, 1941) is an American politician and academic who served in the Carter and Clinton administrations, as well as in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2019 to 2021. Shalala is a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which she was awarded in 2008.

Shalala earned a bachelor's degree from Western College for Women in 1962 and served in the Peace Corps. In 1970, she earned a PhD from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University. Shalala later worked as a professor at Baruch College and at Teachers College, Columbia University and was appointed as assistant secretary for policy development and research at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development by President Jimmy Carter. Shalala became the president of Hunter College in 1980, serving until 1988 when she became chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

From 1993 to 2001, Shalala served as the 18th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton. Shalala served as HHS secretary for all eight years of the Clinton administration, becoming the nation's longest-serving HHS secretary. She is the first Lebanese-American to serve in a Cabinet position. Shalala served as president of the University of Miami from 2001 through 2015 and also taught at the university during that period. She was president of the Clinton Foundation from 2015 to 2017.

A member of the Democratic Party, Shalala was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Template:Ushr in 2018. She served one term in the House before being defeated in the 2020 election by María Elvira Salazar in an upset. Shalala was interim president of The New School in New York City from 2023 to 2024.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Early life and education

Shalala was born in Cleveland, Ohio, of Maronite Catholic Lebanese descent.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Her father sold real estate;<ref name="NYTimes in the News" /> and her mother, one of the first Lebanese-Americans to graduate from Ohio State University,<ref name="Miami Herald Edna Obit">Template:Cite news</ref> was a teacher who worked two jobs and attended law school at night.<ref name="NYTimes in the News" /><ref name="Miami Herald Edna Obit" /> She has a twin sister, Diane Fritel.<ref name="WaPo Lifetime" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="SU Mag"/>

Shalala attended West Technical High School where she was the editor of the school newspaper.<ref name="WaPo Lifetime" /> She received a bachelor's degree in 1962 from Western College for Women.Template:Efn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> From 1962 to 1964, she was among the first volunteers to serve in the Peace Corps.<ref name="Peace Corps" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Her placement took her to a rural farming village in southern Iran where she worked with other volunteers to construct an agricultural college.<ref name="Peace Corps">Template:Cite web</ref> In 1970, she earned a Ph.D. from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York.<ref name="SU Mag">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Career

Teaching and Carter administration (1970–1988)

Shalala began her teaching career as a political science professor at Baruch College, part of the City University of New York, where she also was a member of the American Federation of Teachers union.

In 1972, Shalala became a professor of politics and education at Teachers College, Columbia University, a post she held until 1979.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Shalala became the only woman on the Municipal Assistance Corporation, a group tasked with saving the city during the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis.<ref name="NYTimes in the News">Template:Cite news</ref> Concurrently, from 1977 to 1980, she served as the assistant secretary for policy development and research at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development during the Carter administration.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Shalala's first experience with academic administration came on October 8, 1980, when she became the tenth president of Hunter College, serving in this capacity until 1988.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

University of Wisconsin–Madison chancellorship (1988–1993)

Shalala served as chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1988 to 1993.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> At the time of her chancellorship, the university included 42,000 students, employed 16,500 people, and had an annual budget of $1 billion.<ref name="NYTimes in the News" /> She was the first woman to lead a Big Ten Conference school and only the second woman in the country to head a major research university.<ref name="SU Mag"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Under Shalala's chancellorship and with her support, the university adopted a broad speech code subjecting students to disciplinary action for communications that were perceived as hate speech. That speech code was later found unconstitutional by a federal judge.<ref name="wpbio1999">Template:Cite news</ref> Also while chancellor, Shalala supported passage of a revised faculty speech code broadly restricting "harmful" speech in both "noninstructional" and "instructional" settings. The faculty speech code was abolished ten years later, after a number of professors were investigated for alleged or suspected violations.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services (1993–2001)

Following a year serving as chair of the Children's Defense Fund (1992–1993), Shalala was nominated in 1992 by then President-elect Bill Clinton for the position of United States Secretary of Health and Human Services.<ref name="NYTimes in the News" /> The Washington Post labeled her "one of the most controversial Clinton Cabinet nominees".<ref name="wpbio1999" /> Her nomination went before the Senate Finance Committee in January 1993,<ref name="WaPo Lifetime">Template:Cite news</ref> and the Senate voted to confirm her on January 22, 1993.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> At the start of Shalala's tenure, the Department of Health and Human Services employed 125,000 people and had a budget of $539 billion.<ref name="NYTimes in the News" />

Shalala served as HHS secretary for eight years during the Clinton administration, becoming the nation's longest-serving HHS secretary.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1996, Shalala was the designated survivor during Clinton's State of the Union address.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She is the first Lebanese-American to serve in a cabinet position.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Corporate boards (2001–2012)

In 2001, Shalala joined the boards of UnitedHealth and Lennar, where over the following decade she earned millions of dollars.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Shalala was paid almost a half-million dollars in 2010 to serve on the boards of three companies, two of which were run by University of Miami trustees.<ref>Stripling, Jack; Board Conflicts Abound for College Chiefs; Chronicle of Higher Education; January 15, 2012; [1] Template:Webarchive</ref>

When she left Lennar in 2012, the company reported it was to avoid a "conflict of interest". Lennar's CEO, Stuart Miller, had joined the University of Miami Board of Trustees in 2002. Shalala rejoined Lennar in 2017 after she was no longer President of the University.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> She has also been member of the advisory board of the Peter G. Peterson Foundation.

University of Miami presidency (2001–2015)

Shalala with President George W. Bush and former Senator Bob Dole prior to co-chairing the President's Commission on Care for America's Returning Wounded Warriors, 2007

In 2001, Shalala became president of the University of Miami.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She created a University of Miami fundraising campaign, Momentum, designed to raise the university's endowment from approximately $750 million to $1 billion; the goal was later increased to $1.25 billion by the end of 2007.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>

Shalala faced criticism for her response to a nationally publicized custodial workers' strike at the University of Miami, which lasted from February 28, 2006, until May 1, 2006. Critics called the University of Miami's custodial workers among the lowest paid university-based custodians in the nation and alleged they were not earning a living wage. The strike prompted Shalala to raise wages. Shalala was also criticized for living in luxury while the custodians did not have health insurance.<ref name="GOODNOUGH">Template:Cite news</ref> Shalala criticized union organizer's tactics, including a sit-in that she said prevented students from attending classes.<ref name= "GOODNOUGH" />

In 2013, the University of Miami sold 88 acres of undeveloped Pine Rocklands, one of the last remnants of the imperiled habitat in Miami-Dade County outside of Everglades National Park, to Ram Realty Services, for $22 million. Miami New Times described this amount as "a complete steal for the developer in light of the relative worth of nearby property." Also in 2013, Ram Realty and Lennar Corp worked on at least one project together in North Carolina.<ref name=":0" /> When Shalala ran for the US Congress in 2018, her candidacy was opposed by local environmentalists for her part in the sale of the University of Miami pine rocklands site.<ref name=":0" />

On September 8, 2014, Shalala announced that she would be stepping down at the end of the 2014–2015 academic year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Clinton Foundation (2015–2017)

In 2015, Shalala took a leave of absence from her tenured professorship at the University of Miami to volunteer for the Clinton Foundation.<ref name="Miami Herald UM">Template:Cite news</ref> She followed her tenure as president of the University of Miami by being named chief executive officer of the Foundation,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> serving in that capacity from 2015 to 2017.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

According to The New York Times, Chelsea Clinton helped persuade Shalala to leave the University of Miami, move to New York and head the foundation.<ref name="New York Times">Template:Cite news</ref> Shalala maintained a home in Miami and taught part-time at the University of Miami while heading the foundation in New York.<ref name="Miami Herald UM" />

Shalala led the Clinton Foundation during the 2016 presidential election, in which Hillary Clinton was a leading candidate and the propriety of the foundation's activity came under scrutiny.<ref name="Miami Herald UM" /> In a September 14, 2016, interview on MSNBC, Shalala admitted that there was "no question" that donors to the Clinton Foundation had been given "courtesy appointments" in the State Department while Hillary Clinton ran that department.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Shalala oversaw the termination of the Clinton Global Initiative during her tenure as CEO,<ref name="Miami Herald UM" /> as well as other reductions in operations intended to avoid conflicts of interest if Clinton won the election.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She resisted calls by The Washington Post and USA Today to shut down the foundation entirely, arguing that "there are human beings around the world who would be affected by these decisions."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Shalala left the Clinton Foundation in April 2017 and returned to her full-time teaching position at the University of Miami, replacing her former HHS deputy Kevin Thurm.<ref name="Miami Herald UM" />

Following a September 2015 Clinton Global Initiative event held at the Sheraton New York Hotel, Shalala fell ill. It was subsequently reported in a Clinton Foundation statement that she had suffered a stroke.<ref name= "New York Times"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In early 2018, she said she had recovered.<ref name="AP fight Trump">Template:Cite news</ref>

U.S. House of Representatives (2019–2021)

Shalala meeting Juan Guaidó supporters in Miami, 2019

Elections

In March 2018, Shalala declared her candidacy in the Democratic primary for Florida's 27th congressional district.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The district included just over half of Miami as well as some of its eastern suburbs.<ref name="Miami Herald Win House">Template:Cite news</ref> The district voted for Clinton by a comfortable margin in the 2016 presidential election, but its House seat was held by 30-year incumbent Republican Ileana Ros-Lehtinen,<ref name="AP fight Trump" /> who had announced that she would retire at the conclusion of her term.<ref name="Miami Herald Win House" />

In an interview with WFOR-TV, Shalala stated that she supported universal healthcare coverage, but opposed a Medicare For All single-payer healthcare system because she believed that individuals who liked their current employment-based healthcare plans should be able to keep them.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On August 28, 2018, Shalala won the Democratic five-candidate primary over state Representative David Richardson. The outcome of the race was substantially closer than polling predicted, which had her leading consistently by double digits. She won with 31.9 percent of the vote, vs. 27.5% for Richardson.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Shalala ran against Republican candidate María Elvira Salazar, an anchorwoman for Miami Telemundo outlet WSCV, in the general election. Shalala's campaign emphasized her experience and sought to tie Salazar to President Donald Trump, who was unpopular in the district.<ref name="Miami Herald Win House" /> The race proved closer than expected, in part because Shalala does not speak Spanish; the 27th district is over 63 percent Latino. As late as a month before the election, polls showed Shalala either behind or practically tied with Salazar.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, Shalala won the election at the age of 77, making her the third-oldest freshman Representative in history<ref name="Miami Herald Win House" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> after William Lewis of Kentucky who was elected at the age of 79 in 1948 and James B. Bowler of Illinois who was elected at the age of 78 in 1953.

In the 2020 general election, Shalala ran against Republican Salazar again. On November 3, 2020, Shalala was defeated by Salazar.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Salazar received 51.4% (176,141 votes) of the vote to Shalala's 48.6% (166,758 votes).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Tenure

Shalala was sworn in as a member of the 116th United States Congress on January 3, 2019.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On December 18, 2019, Shalala voted to impeach President Donald Trump.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On April 17, 2020, Shalala was appointed by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi to serve on the COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission to oversee the implementation of the CARES Act.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The appointment was met with criticism; the Miami Herald reported that Shalala had violated the STOCK Act by failing to disclose more than 500 stock trades, but Shalala remained on the commission and paid a $1,200 fine to the United States House Committee on Ethics.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On September 28, 2020, the Miami Herald reported that Shalala failed to publicly report two additional stock trades in violation of the STOCK Act disclosure rules.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Shalala was named a vice-chair of the 2020 Democratic National Convention.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Committee assignments

• Committee on Education and Labor
  • Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education
  • United States House Education Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions
• Committee on Rules

Caucus memberships

• Congressional LGBT Equality Caucus
• Congressional Solar Caucus

Interim presidency at the New School (2023–2024)

Following the departure of Dwight A. McBride, Shalala was appointed as interim president of the New School, becoming the first female president of the university.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Following student demands, Shalala's administration listed the property assigned to the president for $20 million.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On October 9, 2023, Shalala came under harsh criticism from pro-Palestinian faculty and student groups after emailing a statement about the October 7 attacks that did not acknowledge lives lost in Gaza.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref> The following morning, she issued another statement that included Palestinian recognition as well as an apology for her previous exclusion.<ref name=":2" /> The New School, like other universities, continue to be protested for connections to the Israeli occupation, including its 14-year association with the Center for Jazz Studies at the Israel Conservatory of Music.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Board memberships

Shalala served on the board of directors of the United States Soccer Federation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Failed verification Shalala served as a member of the board of directors of Lennar.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> She served on the board of directors of Gannett Company from 2001 to 2011, retiring because of age limits.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In January 2012, the Chronicle of Higher Education reported on a potential conflict of interest involving Shalala's service on the boards of property development companies.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Civic activities

U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius (right), Shalala (left), former Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist and former HHS Secretary Louis Wade Sullivan (background) in June 2010

In 1985, Shalala became a founding member of EMILY's List, a political action committee that seeks to elect pro-choice Democratic women to office.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Shalala served from 2001 to 2007 on the board of the Albert Shanker Institute, a small, three-member staff organization named for the former head of the American Federation of Teachers.Template:Citation needed She is an honorary board member of the American Iranian Council, an organization that seeks to improve Iran–United States relations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Shalala serves as a co-leader of the Nutrition and Physical Activity Initiative at the Bipartisan Policy Center.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Better source needed She serves as a distinguished senior fellow in the Economic Studies Program and the Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform at the Brookings Institution.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She is also a member of Inter-American Dialogue, a Washington D.C.–based think tank.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Better source needed

Shalala also served as a panelist on the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense, a working group of former high-ranking government officials and academic experts that put together a set of recommendations regarding the United States' defense capabilities against biological threats.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Better source needed

Honors and awards

Shalala receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2008

At the University of Miami, Shalala was inducted the Iron Arrow Honor Society, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Miami. In 2002, she was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa.

On June 19, 2008, Shalala was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> In 2010, she received the Nelson Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights.<ref>Donna E. Shalala Honored With Nelson Mandela Award For Health And Human Rights Template:Webarchive Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation</ref>Template:Better source needed She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York in 2011.<ref name="miami.edu">President Donna E. Shalala's Biography Template:Webarchive University of Miami</ref>Template:Better source needed In 2014, she was recognized by the Harry S Truman Library and Museum with the Harry S Truman Legacy of Leadership Award.<ref>President Shalala Honored with Truman Award Template:Webarchive University of Miami</ref>Template:Better source needed In 2019, Shalala was announced as one of the members of the inaugural class of the Government Hall of Fame.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Better source needed

Shalala has been awarded more than 50 honorary degrees.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Better source needed

See also

• List of Arab and Middle Eastern Americans in the United States Congress
• List of female United States Cabinet members
• Women in the United States House of Representatives

External links

• President Donna E. Shalala Biography, University of Miami.
• "America's Best Leaders: Q&A with Donna Shalala, President of the University of Miami, U.S. News & World Report, October 22, 2005.
• President Donna E. Shalala Collection, 1980–1988, Hunter College Archives and Special Collections
• Template:C-SPAN

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