El Yunque (organization)

Template:Short description Template:Infobox organization Template:Integralism The Organización Nacional del Yunque (English: National Organization of the Anvil) or simply El Yunque (in English: The Anvil) is the name of an alleged conservative Mexican secret society whose existence was first claimed by journalist Alvaro Delgado in 2003.

Organization

Delgado described The Anvil as "ultracatholic, anticommunist, antisemitic, antiliberal and with fascistic traits".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> He also claims that top members of PAN and former President Vicente Fox's cabinet are also members of El Yunque. The organization was allegedly formed in Puebla in the early 1950s.<ref name="guadalajarareporter.com">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="dallasnews.com">Template:Cite web</ref>

Since it is allegedly a secret organization, most reports about it come from its critics and alleged ex-members. One notable purported ex-member is the former mayor of Puebla, Luis Paredes Moctezuma, who has led demonstrations against the organization, demanding the expulsion of all heads of PAN who are also affiliated to El Yunque. Paredes Moctezuma has also explicitly pointed current party leader Manuel Espino Barrientos as a yunquista.<ref>Noticias de Hoy / Partidos / PAN Template:Webarchive, "yoinfluyo.com", 2007/jan/12</ref> He has said that El Yunque played a role backing Vicente Fox's campaign in 2000.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2007, Paredes claimed the group controlled four state governments in Mexico and that it established cells in the United States in the early 1990s, saying, "They're in Dallas, in Boston, in Washington, D.C., in Los Angeles, in Miami."<ref name="dallasnews.com"/> A poor quality video of what appeared to be a Yunque initiation ceremony featuring unidentified men and Yunque symbolism appeared on YouTube in which one man explains that the goal of the organization is to conquer Mexico and Latin America, but the video may have been staged.<ref name="dallasnews.com"/>

Paredes claimed The Anvil was formed in the early 1950s as a reaction to anti-Catholic sentiment under the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).<ref name="dallasnews.com"/> He says it attracted religious students who sought to counter the leftist influence reflected in the Cuban revolution, communist China and the Soviet Union.<ref name="dallasnews.com"/> He says the group opposed the presidential candidacy of centrist Felipe Calderón, and was thus in a poor position to influence him.<ref name="dallasnews.com"/>

According to its critics, the secret organization of El Yunque was supposedly paramilitary in nature, performing its actions (including political assassination mostly through a set of front organizations) and, according to the magazine Contralínea, this included the student organization MURO at the National Autonomous University of Mexico in the 1960s.<ref>CARA, La Extrema Derecha de El Yunque "Revista Contralínea"</ref>

Named members in the 2000s included: state governor Juan Manuel Oliva; Gerardo Mosqueda, his chief of staff; and local politician Alberto Diosdado. Representatives of all three men denied involvement.<ref name="dallasnews.com" />

Skepticism

Members of PAN have condemned Delgado's claims as "pure fiction", comparing it to the mythical monster, the chupacabra, and saying that El Yunque has nothing to do with the party.<ref name="guadalajarareporter.com"/> Delgado has been accused of inventing the organization in order to sway the 2006 Mexican elections.<ref name="guadalajarareporter.com"/> A former PAN presidential candidate and party head, Luis H. Alvarez, said that he believed the organization was real but negligible.<ref name="guadalajarareporter.com"/> One political commentator dismissed claims about the group as an easy way to smear political opponents, "I have never found anyone who admits to being a member of El Yunque. All I see are attacks from the left. It's an easy way to dismiss someone."<ref name="dallasnews.com"/>

El Yunque in Spain

In 2012, Delgado reported that El Yunque had spread to Spain, influencing the conservative People's Party.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He would later report a connection between El Yunque and the far-right political party Vox.<ref>Las conexiones de Vox con HazteOir, los 'kikos' y una docena de obispos españoles</ref> In early 2012, the newspaper El Confidencial suggested that the Organización del Bien Común (English: Organisation for the Common Good) was a front for a Spanish offshoot of the organisation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Those implicated in the allegations started legal actions against publications reporting on the alleged group. The first was by Profesionales por la Ética against digital newspaper Forum Libertas and its editor Josep Miró i Ardèvol, which was dismissed later that year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The second, by conservative organisation Hazte Oir against El Confidencial, was also dismissed in 2012.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The third was brought by Hazte Oir, on behalf of the Spanish Episcopal Conference, against Fernando López Luengos, a clergyman who edited the clerical newspaper El Transparente de la Catedral de Toledo. In May 2014, a Madrilenian judge declared there was possibly evidence to show a relationship between members of the association HazteOir (HO) and El Yunque. However, she could not say with certainty that such an organization exists.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It has also been linked to CitizenGO,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a foundation created by HazteOir. (HO was later subsumed under CitizenGO.) In 2021, the foundation of conservative TV news channel 7NN was linked to El Yunque via the Francisco Franco National Foundation and Vox.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Some bishops have commented on the potential offshoot of El Yunque in Spain. Cardinal Antonio Cañizares Llovera said in 2011 that he had assumed El Yunque were working behind the scenes, saying "They're no longer called El Yunque, but they're now the Asociación por el Bien Común."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Meanwhile, Joaquín María López de Andújar y Cánovas del Castillo, the bishop of Getafe, in March 2015 said, after learning of the connection, that he would not support members, and implored them not to attend his diocese.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His deputy, José Rico Pavés, said that "El Yunque exists, and that is not good for the Church."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

A 24 September 2016 article in El País linked El Yunque to the anti-vaxxer movement CitizenGo and HazteOir which are headquartered in Spain.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

El Yunque in Chile

It has also been alleged that El Yunque has had an influence in Chile since 2006, when Salvador Salazar, a politician from the PAN, founded the Muévete Chile movement.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> At the end of 2016, an investigation unveiled the society's influence there, singling out José Antonio Rosas, the leader of the Academia de Líderes Católicos, as one of its figureheads.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rosas admitted to having been a member of the group until 2014, however denied that El Yunque had ever infiltrated the Academia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Further reading

• El Yunque - La ultraderecha en el poder (The Anvil – The extreme right in power), by Álvaro Delgado, 2003.
• Official summary of the televised interview about El Yunque Template:Webarchive granted by Álvaro Delgado to Carlos Loret de Mola on June 21, 2004.
• YoInfluyo.com ("I Influence.com"), a web site that Álvaro Delgado of Proceso magazine has claimed to be run by El Yunque (as reported by Noticieros Televisa [1] Template:Webarchive), lobbying for conservative viewpoints in Mexican politics.
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