Eleanor F. Helin

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Minor planets discovered: 903<ref name="MPC-Discoverers" />
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Eleanor Francis "Glo" Helin (née Francis,<ref name=AngeloJosephEncyclopediaOfSoaceAndAstronomy /> 19 November 1932 – 25 January 2009) was an American astronomer. She was principal investigator of the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) program of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.<ref name="Witimuseum" /><ref name="post-gazette" /><ref name="Palomar" /> (Some sources give her name as Eleanor Kay Helin.)

Helin was a prolific discoverer of minor planets (see list) and several comets, including periodic comets 111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett, 117P/Helin–Roman–Alu and 132P/Helin–Roman–Alu. She is credited as the discoverer of the object now known as both asteroid 4015 Wilson–Harrington and comet 107P/Wilson–Harrington. Although Wilson and Harrington preceded her by some decades, their observations did not establish an orbit for the object, while her rediscovery did. Helin discovered or co-discovered 903 asteroids and several comets.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Biography

Helin was born an only child to Fred and Kay Francis. At the age of five, she became ill with polio, which caused her to be bed-ridden for several months.<ref name=LAtimes>Template:Cite web</ref>

Helin studied geology at Occidental College, leaving just shy of her graduation in 1954.<ref name=guardians/> She married Ron Helin and started working at California Institute of Technology, where she and Bruce C. Murray started the Lunar Research Lab to prepare for lunar landing missions.<ref name=LAtimes/>

Helin was active in planetary science and astronomy at the California Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for over three decades. Her studies of lunar craters raised interest about near Earth Objects, and in the early 1970s, she initiated the Palomar Planet-Crossing Asteroid Survey (PCAS) from Palomar Observatory. This program is responsible for the discovery of thousands of asteroids of all types including more than 200 in high inclination orbits, other asteroids in rare and unique types of orbits, 20 comets, and approximately 30 percent of the near-Earth asteroids discovered worldwide.<ref name="Palomar" /> Using the 18-inch Schmidt telescope, Helin discovered her first asteroid on July 3, 1973.<ref name="LAtimes" />

In 1980, Helin started working at JPL,<ref name=guardians>Template:Cite journal</ref> where she organized and coordinated the International Near-Earth Asteroid Survey (INAS) during the 1980s, encouraging and stimulating worldwide interest in asteroids. In recognition of her accomplishments, she received NASA's Exceptional Service Medal.

File:Eleanor F. Helin, 1973.jpg
Eleanor Helin at work.

After conducting the PCAS photographic search program from Palomar for nearly 25 years, Helin concentrated on the new, upgraded Near Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) search program using electronic sensors on a large aperture telescope. The operations were conducted in 1996 at Hakeakalā Observatory in Maui, Hawai'i, and at Palomar in 2001 with the Samuel Oschin Telescope.<ref name=":0" /> She was the principal investigator for this program operating from JPL, for which she received the 1997 JPL Award for Excellence. She also received NASA's Group Achievement Award for the NEAT Team.

In operation from 1995 to 2007, NEAT was the first autonomous observing program; no JPL personnel were on-site, only the JPL Sunspark computer which ran the observing system through the night and transmitted the data back to JPL each morning for team member review and confirmation. NEAT detected over 26,000 objects, including 31 near-Earth asteroids, two long period comets and the unique object, 1996 PW, the most eccentric asteroid known (e = 0.99012940), which moves in a long-period (4110.50 a), comet-like orbit (semi-major axis 256.601 AU).

Helin retired from NASA in 2002, and died in January 2009.

Caltech Optical Observatories hosted a Helin Commemorative Workshop on 28 September 2010 to honour the contributions of Eleanor and Ronald Helin.<ref name="Commemorative-Workshop" /> Palomar Observatory opened an exhibit dedicated to her and her work with the 18-inch Schmidt telescope in September 2013.<ref name="Palomar" />

Awards and honors

The Mars-crossing asteroid 3267 Glo, discovered by Edward Bowell in 1981, was named after her nickname.<ref name="springer" /> The official Template:MoMP was published by the Minor Planet Center on 13 February 1987 (Template:Small).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

In 1991, the USS Helin debuted on the movie Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. The ship was named after her for "having discovered an unprecedented number of asteroids and comets".<ref name=":0" />

In 1992, Helin received an honorary doctorate from her alma mater, Occidental College.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>

Helin was awarded the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1998 she was inducted to the Women in Technology Hall of Fame.<ref name=guardians/><ref name=hall>Template:Cite web</ref>

Discoveries by Helin

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Helin is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery or co-discovered of more than 900 numbered minor planets, including the first two Aten asteroids: 2062 Aten and 2100 Ra-Shalom, which gave rise to this new orbital group of near-Earth objects.<ref name="MPC-Discoverers" /><ref name="springer" />

She also discovered:

Comets discovered by Helin include:

List of discovered minor planets

See also

References

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