Englewood, Chicago

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Englewood is a neighborhood and community area located on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is also the 68th of the 77 community areas in the city. At its peak population in 1960, over 97,000 people lived in its approximately Template:Convert,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> but the neighborhood's population has since dropped dramatically. In 2000, it had a population of approximately 40,000 inhabitants, and the 2010 census indicated that its population has further declined to approximately 30,000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref> Englewood is bordered by Garfield Boulevard to the north, 75th Street to the south, Racine Avenue to the west, and an irregular border that bends along the Metra Railroad Tracks to the east. On the southwest side of Chicago lies West Englewood, which is generally lumped in with Englewood by Chicagoans. Englewood, a low-income African-American community, has a high rate of foreclosed properties due to the area's population drop.

History

Before 1850, Englewood was an oak forest with much swampland. In 1852 several railroad lines crossed at what became known as Junction Grove, stimulating the beginning of what we know today as Englewood. The Union Stock Yard provided employment to early residents. In 1868 Henry B. Lewis, a wool merchant in the Loop and Board of Education member, suggested a new name from his association with Englewood, New Jersey. In 1865, Junction Grove was annexed to the Town of Lake and to Chicago in 1889.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The World's Columbian Exposition at nearby Jackson Park in 1893 led to real estate speculation and expansion of the community.<ref>Larsen, Erik, The Devil in the White City: A Saga of Magic and Murder at the Fair that Changed America, Doubleday Publishing Group, 2004, Template:Isbn</ref>

The Englewood community<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> was largely defined by the Englewood Shopping Center at 63rd & Halsted, a large pedestrian mall. The City, social services, and mall management worked with community leaders and groups to integrate the mall with the community. It was the site of numerous community events, parades, outdoor concerts, live radio broadcasts and the like. This was spearheaded by the Englewood Business Men's Association and its director, Richard Drew; after Drew's death in 1978 the Center lost its major anchor tenants, including Sears Roebuck, and became a collection of smaller merchants.

In 1999, Mayor Richard M. Daley announced a $256 million revitalization plan for the area. The keystone of the program is the relocation of Kennedy–King College to the former site of the Englewood Shopping Center. Shortly thereafter the city began an aggressive buyout and relocation program for mall merchants. The campus includes the Washburne Culinary Institute.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Groundbreaking for the new, Template:Convert campus occurred on November 9, 2005, and it opened in 2007.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} "Mayor Daley cut the ribbon to open Kennedy King College on July 18, 2007."</ref>

Digital images of Englewood can be found in Explore Chicago Collections, a digital repository made available by Chicago Collections archives, libraries and other cultural institutions in the city.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Englewood has a community parade every year, which is geared towards preparing its deserving youth for a new school year. The Englewood Back To School Parade is held annually every 3rd Saturday in August. The parade was founded by Willie Pittman, the first licensed Black plumber in the city, in 1961.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Demographics

Template:US Census populationTemplate:Expand section In 2000, Englewood had a poverty rate of 44%, substantially higher than the overall poverty rate in Chicago of 20%.<ref>Demographics from Metropolitan Planning Council. By Josh Ellis. Published 2009. Data taken from year 2000.</ref>

Based on census data collected by the city of Chicago in 2008–2012, the poverty rate for Englewood is 46.6% of households below poverty and 28% of people 16 years of age and older are unemployed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1960, Englewood had 67,216 African American residents who made up about 69% of its population. At the time most African Americans resided around 63rd Street. At the time the median income of Englewood was $5,579 ($Template:Inflation adjusted for inflation).<ref name=HistofEngl>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

By 1980, the total population was 62,069, a loss of about 30,000 people in two decades; 99% of the people were black, and the white population was down to 818.<ref name=HistofEngl/> Edward McClelland of NBC Chicago stated "Not even ethnic cleansing in the Balkans achieved the levels of turnover that white flight in Chicago did."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

These communities have among the highest incidents of adolescent violence in the city, creating serious safety and public health concerns.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Transportation

Halsted Street is a major thoroughfare in the neighborhood.

Both the Red Line (stopping at Garfield and 63rd) and Green Line (stopping at Halsted) run through Englewood, as does the Dan Ryan Expressway (I-90 and I-94).

The railroad junction at Englewood, where Metra (the former Rock Island) crosses Norfolk Southern (the former Pennsylvania) has long been a cause of delay. In March 2010 a $133 million reconstruction project was announced which improved operations by replacing the diamond crossing between Metra and NS with an overpass for Metra. The project proposed by Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program (CREATE) was completed in 2014.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Education

Englewood is host to numerous publicly-operated educational institutions. Primary and secondary schools are operated by Chicago Public Schools, while the community has post-secondary educational needs met at the Kennedy–King College, which was relocated to Englewood in 2005 as part of revitalization efforts in the neighborhood. A public high school, Englewood STEM High School, was opened in September 2019 to serve students in the surrounding area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Politics

The Englewood community area has supported the Democratic Party in recent presidential elections by overwhelming margins. In the 2016 presidential election, Englewood cast 8,646 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 141 votes for Donald Trump (97.11% to 1.58%).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the 2012 presidential election, Englewood cast 12,344 votes for Barack Obama and cast 45 votes for Mitt Romney (99.53% to 0.36%).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Popular culture

In 2018, Australian film director George Gittoes made a documentary about Englewood. The 2019 TV show South Side takes place in the area of Englewood.

Other Places

Englewood, Florida is named after Englewood, Chicago.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Notable people

• Jamie Foster Brown, magazine publisher, and her sister Stella Foster, who are both entertainment journalists<ref name=billboards>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Margaret Bonds, composer, pianist, arranger, and educator.
• Young Chop, music producer.
• Derrick Rose, former professional basketball player who has played for Chicago Bulls.
• Anthony Davis, professional basketball player who has played for the Los Angeles Lakers and New Orleans Pelicans.<ref>Template:Cite interview</ref>
• Bina Deneen, First Lady of Illinois (1905–1913). She resided at 532 West 61st Place until it was destroyed during the "Pineapple Primary".<ref name="Deneen"/><ref name="pineapple"/>
• Charles Deneen, 23rd Governor of Illinois (1905–1913) and later United States Senator (1925–1931). He resided at 532 West 61st Place until it was destroyed during the "Pineapple Primary".<ref name="Deneen">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="pineapple">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Lil Durk, rapper, singer, and songwriter. He was raised in Englewood.<ref name="Keef">Template:Cite news "Chief Keef and Lil JoJo, two rappers from the South Side neighborhood of Englewood..."</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Hubert Geralds (born 1964), serial killer known as the Englewood Strangler
• Kenny Golladay, NFL player.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• H.H. Holmes, serial killer and con artist who operated a "murder castle" at a corner of South Wallace Avenue and West 63rd Street. He was a resident of Englewood from 1886 to 1894.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Lucy Theodate Holmes, passport application, U.S. Passport Applications, 1795–1925 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2007. Original data: Passport Applications, January 2, 1906–IMarch 31, 1925; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1490, 2740 rolls); General Records of the Department of State, Record Group 59; National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref>

• Jennifer Hudson, singer and actress<ref name="Biography Today">Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Richard Hunt, sculptor who served as Commissioner of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American Art from 1980 to 1986.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Harold L. Ickes, 32nd United States Secretary of the Interior (1933–1946). He moved to Englewood as a child and attended Englewood High School.<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>
• Ralph Lewis, actor best known as Austin Stoneman in The Birth of a Nation.
• Willard Motley, African-American author. He was raised at 350 West 60th Street.<ref>Bill Granger, "Willard Motley – A Writer Of Brutal Honesty", Chicago TribuneJune 26, 1994.</ref>
• Bernie Mac, actor and comedian. He was raised in Englewood near West 69th Street and South Sangamon Street.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• James Meeks (born 1956), pastor and former member of the Illinois Senate (2003–2013). He was raised in Englewood near West 64th Street and South Laflin Street.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• William T. Murphy (1899–1978), member of Congress from Illinois's 3rd congressional district (1959–1971). He resided at 6617 South Harvard Avenue during his time in Congress.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Morgan F. Murphy, member of Congress from Illinois's 3rd congressional district. He graduated from Leo High School.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Lil Reese, rapper<ref>Template:Cite news "This is Taylor's second marijuana conviction in Cook County since the Englewood native shot into the limelight with the popularity of drill rap,"</ref>
• Fredo Santana, rapper.
• Mavis Staples, singer
• Famous Dex, rapper

External links

• Official City of Chicago Englewood Community Map
• Englewood Map during the 1920s–1930s

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