Ernst Fuchs (artist)

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File:Ernst Fuchs.jpg
Ernst Fuchs 1973.

Ernst Fuchs (13 February 1930Template:Spaced ndash9 November 2015) was an Austrian painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, architect, stage designer, composer, poet, and one of the founders of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism. In 1972, he acquired the derelict Otto Wagner Villa in Hütteldorf, which he restored and transformed. The villa was inaugurated as the Ernst Fuchs Museum in 1988.

Education

Born in Vienna as the only child of Maximilian and Leopoldine Fuchs,<ref name="kurier.at 2015" /><ref name="Hamburg">Template:Cite web</ref> Fuchs attended the St. Anna Painting School, where he studied under Fritz Fröhlich (1944).<ref name="Hamburg" /> He entered the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna (1945), where he began his studies under Professor Template:Ill, later moving to the class of Albert Paris von Gütersloh.<ref name="Knapp 2015" />

Career

At the Academy, he met Arik Brauer, Rudolf Hausner, Helmut Leherb, Fritz Janschka, Wolfgang Hutter, and Anton Lehmden, together with whom he later founded what has become known as the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism.<ref name="kurier.at 2015">Template:Cite web</ref> He was also a founding member of the Art-Club (1946), as well as the Hundsgruppe, set up in opposition to it in 1951, together with Friedensreich Hundertwasser and Arnulf Rainer.<ref name="Deutschlandfunk Kultur 2009">Template:Cite web</ref>

Fuchs' work of this period was influenced by the art of Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele and then by Max Pechstein, Heinrich Campendonk, Edvard Munch, Henry Moore and Pablo Picasso. During this time, seeking to achieve the vivid lighting effects achieved by such Old Masters as Albrecht Altdorfer, Albrecht Dürer, Matthias Grünewald and Martin Schongauer, he revived and adopted the mischtechnik (mixed technique) of painting.<ref name="The Vienna Academy of Visionary Art 2013">Template:Cite web</ref> In the mischtechnik, egg tempera is used to build up volume, and is then glazed with oil paints mixed with resin, producing a jewel-like effect.

Between 1950 and 1961, Fuchs lived mostly in Paris, and made a number of journeys to the United States and Israel. His favourite reading material at the time was the sermons of Meister Eckhart. He also studied the symbolism of the alchemists and read Jung's Psychology and Alchemy. His favourite examples at the time were the mannerists, especially Jacques Callot, and he was also very much influenced by Jan van Eyck and Jean Fouquet. In 1958 he founded the Galerie Fuchs-Fischoff in Vienna to promote and support the younger painters of the Fantastic Realism school. Together with Friedensreich Hundertwasser and Arnulf Rainer, he founded the Pintorarium.<ref name="Hundertwasser">Template:Cite web</ref>

When he was 12 years old, he converted to Roman Catholicism (his mother had him baptized during the war in order to save him from being sent to a concentration camp).<ref name="Hamburg" /> In 1957, he entered the Dormition Abbey on Mount Zion where he began work on his monumental Last Supper and devoted himself to producing small-sized paintings on religious themes such as Moses and the Burning Bush, culminating in a commission to paint three altar paintings on parchment, the cycle of the Mysteries of the Holy Rosary (1958–61), for the Rosenkranzkirche in Hetzendorf, Vienna. He also dealt with contemporary issues in his masterpiece of this period, Psalm 69 (1949–60). (Fuchs, 1978, p. 53). Template:Multiple image

Fuchs returned to Vienna in 1961 and had a vision of what he called the verschollener Stil (Hidden Prime of Styles), the theory of which he set forth in his book Architectura Caelestis: Die Bilder des verschollenen Stils (Salzburg, 1966). He also produced several important cycles of prints, such as Unicorn (1950–52), Samson (1960–64), Esther (1964–67) and Sphinx (1966–67; all illustrated in Weis). In 1972, he acquired the derelict Otto Wagner Villa in Hütteldorf, which he restored and transformed.<ref name="Knapp 2015" /> The villa was inaugurated as the Ernst Fuchs Museum in 1988.

From 1970 on, Fuchs embarked on numerous sculptural projects such as Queen Esther (h. 2.63 m, 1972), located at the entrance to the museum, and also mounted on the radiator cap of the Cadillac at the entrance to the Dalí Museum in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain.<ref name="WERBEKA NETSHOP - START">Template:Cite web</ref>

Design projects

From 1974, he became involved in designing stage sets and costumes for the operas of Mozart and Richard Wagner, including Die Zauberflöte, Parsifal, and Lohengrin. He experimented with industrial design in the 1970s with a 500-piece run of the upscale Suomi tableware by Timo Sarpaneva that Fuchs decorated for the German Rosenthal porcelain maker's Studio Linie.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In 1993, Fuchs was given a retrospective exhibition at the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg, one of the first Western artists so honored.<ref name="Strassacker">Template:Cite web</ref>

Personal life and death

Fuchs had 16 children.<ref name="kurier.at 2015" />

He was an Austrian monarchist. His son Emanuel revealed after his death: "My father advocated the reintroduction of the monarchy because he thought it was the better form of government."<ref name="kurier.at 2017">Template:Cite web</ref>

Fuchs died in Vienna's Sophienspital at the age of 85 on 9 November 2015.<ref>"Austrian painter Ernst Fuchs dies aged 85." Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 9 November 2015.</ref><ref name="kurier.at 2015" /><ref name="Knapp 2015">Template:Cite web</ref>

Decorations and awards

Publications

Other publications

  • 1977 – Fuchs über Ernst Fuchs: Bilder und Zeichnungen von 1945–1976, (R.P. Hartmann Paris) Template:ISBN
  • 2003 – Ernst Fuchs – Zeichnungen und Graphik aus der frühen Schaffensperiode – 1942 bis 1959. (Friedrich Haider) (Vienna: Löcker-Verlag) Template:ISBN
  • 2005 – Fantastic Art (Taschen) (Schurian, Prof. Dr. Walter) Template:ISBN (English edition)
  • 2006 – True Visions (Erik Davis and Pablo Echaurren) (Betty Books) Template:ISBN
  • 2007 – Metamorphosis (beinArt) Template:ISBN
  • 2008 – Phantastischer Realismus (Belvedere, Wien) Template:ISBN

See also

References

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Sources

  • Ernst Fuchs: Zeichnungen und Graphiken, (Ketterer-Kunst, 1967)
  • H. Weis, ed.: Ernst Fuchs: Das graphische Werk (Vienna, 1967)
  • Ernst Fuchs: Homage à Böcklin, (Frankf./Main/Geneva/Vienna, 1971)
  • Ernst Fuchs: oeuvre gravé (Friburg: Musee d'art et d'histoire, 1975)
  • Fuchs über Ernst Fuchs: Bilder und Zeichnungen von 1945–1976, ed. R. P. Hartmann (Paris, 1977)
  • Ernst Fuchs: Arbeiten für der Hamburger Staatsoper, (Hamburg 1977)
  • R. P. Hartmann, ed.: Ernst Fuchs: Das graphische Werk, 1967–1980 (Munich, 1980)
  • Ernst Fuchs: Bildalchemie, (Osnabrück: Kulturgesichtliches Mus., c1981)
  • Gedichte von Jahwe (Munich: R. P. Hartmann, 1982)
  • U. Hotzy, Ernst Fuchs: die Werke aus den Jahren im Ausland (Salzburg, Univ., Diss., 1982)
  • Fuchs Graphik: Sydows Katalog einer idealen Sammlung, ed., Heinrich v. Sydow-Zirkwitz (Berlin: Studio 69, 1983)
  • Planeta Caelestis (Berlin and Munich, 1987)
  • Der Feuerfuchs, ed. R. P. Hartmann (Frankf./Main: Umschau Verlag, 1988)
  • Ernst Fuchs und Wein, (Landau/Pfalz: Verein Südliche Weinstrasse, 1995)
  • Der Maler mit den 16 Kindern, (Die Welt, 4 November 2001)

Further reading

  • Masters, Robert E.L. and Houston, Jean Psychedelic Art New York:1968 A Balance House book—printed by Grove Press, Inc. (contains a number of reproductions of Ernst Fuchs' works)

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