Esh (letter)
Template:Short description Template:About Template:Distinguish Template:Expand language Template:Refimprove Template:Infobox grapheme
Esh (majuscule: Ʃ, minuscule: ʃ) is a character used in phonology to represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative (English Template:Angle bracket, as in "ship").
In Unicode, these letters are encoded as Template:Unichar and Template:Unichar
Form, usage, and history
Its lowercase form Template:Angle bracket is similar to an integral sign Template:Angle bracket or a long s Template:Angle bracket with an extra leftward hook at the bottom; in 1928 the Africa Alphabet borrowed the Greek letter sigma for the uppercase form Template:Angle bracket. The lowercase form was introduced by Isaac Pitman in his 1847 Phonotypic Alphabet to represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative (English sh). It is not common around African languages, but it is, in fact, used in some, for example, Serer uses its lowercase form to make the [[[:Template:IPA link]]] consonant. This letter is used as well as in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) uses Template:Unichar to represent a voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant. Related obsolete IPA characters include Template:Unichar, Template:Unichar, and Template:Unichar.
Template:Unichar is used in the Teuthonista phonetic transcription system.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Variations of esh are used for other phonetic transcription:<ref name=L204132>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Angle bracket, Template:Angle bracket, Template:Angle bracket.
Template:Unichar and Template:Unichar are used as click letters.<ref name="L220115">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="L221021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
See also
- Template:Unichar
- Template:Unichar
- Template:Unichar (Praslesham)
- ⟨Sz⟩ (a Polish digraph)
- ⟨Sh⟩ (an English and Albanian digraph)
- Latin-script S-based digraphs (including the Italian ⟨sc⟩, English ⟨sh⟩, and Norwegian and Faroese ⟨sk⟩)
- Latin-script S-based trigraphs (including German ⟨sch⟩ and Italian ⟨sci⟩)