Farina, South Australia
Template:Short description Template:Use Australian English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Australian place
Farina, formerly Farina Town and originally Government Gums, is an abandoned town in the Australian state of South Australia. The name also applies to an area of about Template:Convert in which the town is located. At the 2006 census, 55 people lived in the larger area; by the 2021 census, the population had fallen to 15.<ref name=Census2006Y>Template:Census 2006 AUS</ref><ref name= Census2021/>
Farina sits within the arid Lake Eyre basin, Template:Convert north of Lyndhurst and Template:Convert south of Marree where the Oodnadatta Track and the Birdsville Track commence. It is Template:Convert due north of the state capital; Adelaide<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in the days when the rail connection was narrow gauge to Port Augusta, the distance by rail was Template:Convert.
A drone view of Farina is here.
History
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In 1876, after a police trooper had been posted to the Government Gums, a "long neglected district", a deputation asked for a portion of the district to be allotted as a township so that a post office might be erected; that a telegraph station be opened; and that a weekly mail service from Beltana to the north-west be set up. The townsite, on a reserve surrounding Gums Waterhole, was surveyed and on 21 March 1878, Farina Town was proclaimed.<ref name=Manning>Template:Cite web</ref>
Originally called The Gums or Government Gums,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Farina was settled in 1878 by optimistic farmers hoping that rain follows the plough.<ref>http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/travel/destinations/2010/05/six-of-the-best-ghost-towns/ Template:Webarchive Brennan, Bridget (2010). "Six of the best ghost towns", Australian Geographic, Issue 97, 21 May.</ref> The town became a railhead in 1882, but the railway was extended to Marree in 1884. During the wet years of the 1880s, plans were laid out for a town with 432 quarter-acre (0.10 hectares) blocks. It was believed that the area would be good for growing wheat and barley, but normal rainfall proved to be nowhere near enough for that. Several silver and copper mines were opened in the surrounding area.
Farina grew to reach a peak population of about 600 in the late 19th century. In its heyday, the town had two hotels (the Transcontinental and the Exchange), an underground bakery, a bank, two breweries, a general store, an Anglican church, five blacksmiths, a school (1879–1957) and a brothel.<ref name=Manning/>Template:Citation needed In 1909, a Template:Convert iron meteorite was discovered north-east of the town.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Today, little remains of the township, except for stone ruins, a seasonally operating underground bakery, and the elevated water tank of the former railway. The post office closed in the 1960s. The Template:Track gauge narrow-gauge Central Australia Railway closed in 1958.
The name Farina was adopted on 5 April 1979.<ref name=Manning/>
The town has not been inhabited since 1967,<ref name=abc>Template:Cite news</ref> with the closest residents living at Farina station, visible to the west of the town. A bush camping area is maintained by the owners of Farina station.
In 2008, Farina Restoration Group was formed, and in May of that year, 30 people attended a 14-day restoration program at Farina.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> These efforts have included the repair of the bakery and the addition of informational signs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Each winter the town also hosts a Farina vs the Rest of the World cricket match at the Farina Cricket Ground, a tradition dating back to 1983.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Cemeteries
Template:Unreferenced section The town's cemetery is a few kilometres away via a signposted track. Of interest is the Afghan corner of the cemetery, which contains several headstones with both English and Arabic inscriptions, plus several headstones without inscriptions, marking the resting place of former Farina residents of Afghan origin, who were involved in or connected with the camel trains which used to provide transport services before the railway was extended. In the Islamic tradition, all the gravestones face Mecca
First World War enlistments
Template:Unreferenced section During the First World War, 33 men who were born in Farina enlisted for the duration of the war and for four months after its end. All of them were volunteers. Of the total, five were killed in action, ten were wounded, and one died at sea en route to England. One of the youngest Farina residents to enlist was 15-year-old William James Denham Robinson, who used an alias of Charles Robison; he served in both world wars.
World War II
Template:Unreferenced section During World War II, 35 men born in Farina enlisted. Of those, nine served in the Royal Australian Air Force. The first man enlisted on 18 October 1939 and the last man on 15 March 1945. The youngest was 18 when he enlisted and the oldest was 45. Three men were killed in action and a fourth died during his service in the army. The last Farina man was discharged in October 1948.
Climate
Farina has a hot desert climate,Template:Citation needed although a temperature station has not been in operation there since 1939.<ref name=climate/>