Fayette County, Illinois

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox U.S. county

Fayette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,488.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Its county seat is Vandalia,<ref name="GR6">Template:Cite web</ref> the site of the Vandalia State House State Historic Site. Ramsey Lake State Recreation Area is located in the northwestern part of this county.

History

Fayette County was formed in 1821 out of Bond, Clark, and Crawford counties; according to one source, the county was formed on February 14, 1812.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> It was named in honor of the Marquis de LaFayette, French hero of the American Revolutionary War.<ref name="historicgville">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In 1823, Marion County, Illinois was carved out from the southernmost part of Fayette County; this was followed by the creation of Clay, Clinton and Shelby Counties from Fayette County areas.<ref name=":0" /> Early Tazewell County also received acreage from Fayette County.<ref name=":0" /> The year 1831 saw the creation of Effingham County and the establishment of the modern Fayette County boundaries.<ref name=":0" />

  • Fayette County between the time of its creation and 1823
    Fayette County between the time of its creation and 1823
  • Fayette between 1823 and 1824
    Fayette between 1823 and 1824
  • Fayette between 1824 and 1827
    Fayette between 1824 and 1827
  • Fayette between 1827 and 1831
    Fayette between 1827 and 1831
  • Fayette in 1831, when the creation of Effingham County reduced it to its current size
    Fayette in 1831, when the creation of Effingham County reduced it to its current size

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (1.2%) is water.<ref name="census-density"/>

Climate and weather

Template:Climate chart In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Vandalia have ranged from a low of Template:Convert in January to a high of Template:Convert in July, although a record low of Template:Convert was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of Template:Convert was recorded in July 1980. Average monthly precipitation ranged from Template:Convert in February to Template:Convert in May.<ref name="weather"/>

Adjacent counties

Major highways

Demographics

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2020 census

Fayette County County, Illinois – Racial and ethnic composition
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Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980<ref name=1980Census>Template:Cite web</ref> Pop 1990<ref name=1990Census>Template:Cite web</ref> Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>Template:Cite web</ref> Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>Template:Cite web</ref> Pop 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>Template:Cite web</ref> % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 21,665 20,089 20,386 20,585 19,425 97.74% 96.15% 93.51% 92.98% 90.40%
Black or African American alone (NH) 297 581 1,064 969 780 1.34% 2.78% 4.88% 4.38% 3.63%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 37 37 25 33 80 0.17% 0.18% 0.11% 0.15% 0.37%
Asian alone (NH) 26 31 37 47 67 0.12% 0.15% 0.17% 0.21% 0.31%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x <ref>included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census</ref> x <ref>included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census</ref> 4 4 1 x x 0.02% 0.02% 0.00%
Other race alone (NH) 9 1 9 6 31 0.04% 0.00% 0.04% 0.03% 0.14%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x <ref>not an option in the 1980 Census</ref> x <ref>not an option in the 1990 Census</ref> 103 192 447 x x 0.47% 0.87% 2.08%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 133 154 174 304 657 0.60% 0.74% 0.80% 1.37% 3.06%
Total 22,167 20,893 21,802 22,140 21,488 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 22,140 people, 8,311 households, and 5,648 families living in the county.<ref name="census-dp1">Template:Cite web</ref> The population density was Template:Convert. There were 9,302 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert.<ref name="census-density">Template:Cite web</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 93.7% white, 4.4% black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.4% of the population.<ref name="census-dp1"/> In terms of ancestry, 27.5% were German, 10.5% were English, 9.4% were American, and 9.3% were Irish.<ref name="census-dp2">Template:Cite web</ref>

Of the 8,311 households, 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.0% were non-families, and 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.95. The median age was 39.9 years.<ref name="census-dp1"/>

The median income for a household in the county was $41,269 and the median income for a family was $51,216. Males had a median income of $38,257 versus $27,188 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,663. About 10.8% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.6% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="census-dp3">Template:Cite web</ref>

Communities

Cities

Villages

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities

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Townships

Fayette County is divided into twenty townships:

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Politics

Until the beginning of the twentieth century, Fayette County was rock-ribbed Democratic. It was not won by a Republican until Theodore Roosevelt’s landslide win of 1904. The county voted after that for the winning candidate in every election until 1940, when opposition to Franklin D. Roosevelt’s economic and war policies gave the county to Wendell Willkie. Since then only two Democratic presidential candidates have gained an absolute majority in the county – the more recent of these two, Jimmy Carter in 1976, doing so by a single vote.

Donald Trump has won by more than 75% in each of his three campaigns.

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See also

References

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