Flag of Haiti

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox flag The flag of Haiti (French: drapeau d'Haïti; Haitian Creole: drapo Ayiti) is a bicolour featuring two horizontal bands coloured blue and red, emblazoned by a white rectangular panel bearing the coat of arms of Haiti.<ref>https://www.haiti.org/flag-and-coat-of-arms/ Template:Bare URL inline</ref> The coat of arms depicts a trophy of weapons atop a green hill and a royal palm symbolizing independence. The palm is topped by the Cap of Liberty. The motto Template:Lang ('Unity makes strength') appears on a white ribbon below the arrangement.

Present design

National flag

The present design was first used by the Republic of Haiti under President Alexandre Pétion in 1806.<ref>Beauvoir, Max G. "Colors of the Flags." Accessed 11 February 2011.</ref> It was most recently readopted on 25 February 2012 under Title I, Chapter I, Article 3 of the current Constitution of Haiti:

L'emblême de la Nation Haïtienne est le Drapeau qui répond à la description suivante:Template:Ordered list

The English translation adopted by the Embassy of Haiti in Washington, D.C., reads:<ref name="embassy">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web

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The emblem of the Haitian Nation shall be a flag with the following description: Template:Ordered list

Contrary to the constitutional mandate, the white field is rarely (if ever) rendered as a square. A rectangle with an 11:9 ratio has been adopted by the Haitian Ministry of Information and Coordination since 1987 or earlier.<ref name="FOTW">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The flag of Haiti is one of six national flags whose designs incorporate a depiction of the flag itself,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> the others being the flags of Bolivia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Venezuela. Notably, Costa Rica has a state flag which is authorized to be used by the government only, which uses the coat of arms of Costa Rica (which includes two ships each flying the flag of Costa Rica). The flag is one of four national flags of UN member states to feature a gun, the others being those of Mozambique, Guatemala, and Bolivia.

Civil flag

The civil flag and ensign omits the coat of arms.<ref name="CIA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Colours scheme

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Blue Red White Yellow Green
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History

The first purely Haitian flag was adopted on 18 May 1803, on the last day of the Congress of Arcahaie, about Template:Convert north of Port-au-Prince. Haitian lore holds that the newly appointed revolutionary leader Jean-Jacques Dessalines created the flag by taking a French tricolor and ripping out the white center, which he discarded. He then asked Catherine Flon, his god-daughter,<ref>Various sources Template:Webarchive. Op. cit. L'histoire d'Haiti. "18 Mai." Accessed 12 February 2011.</ref> to sew the remaining bands together. The white pale removed due to its association with the White Europeans, the blue was taken to represent the Black Africans and the red to represent the mulattos. The story is widely known in Haiti: the anniversary of the date is celebrated as the Flag and Universities Day and images of Catherine Flon have appeared on Haitian currency and stamps.<ref>Clinton, Hillary. Remarks on Republic of Haiti Flag Day. 18 May 2010. Accessed 12 February 2011.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Following his proclamation as Emperor Jacques I, Dessalines promulgated a new constitution on 20 May 1805. In it, the colors of the flag were altered to black and red.<ref>New York Evening Post: "Constitution of Hayti." General Dispositions: Article 20. 15 July 1805. Op. cit. Corbett, Bob. The 1805 Constitution of Haiti Template:Webarchive. 4 April 1999. Accessed 12 February 2011.</ref> This flag being subsequently adopted by Henri Christophe, the republicans under Alexandre Pétion returned to the colors blue and red, subsequently turning them horizontal and adding the newly adopted Haitian coat of arms.Template:Citation needed

During the period of the Haitian Empire of Faustin I, his coat of arms was used on the flag and for official functions, but it was subsequently abandoned upon his removal from office.Template:Citation needed

Until 1937, the flag of Liechtenstein was also plain horizontal blue and red. The match was first noted at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and so Liechtenstein altered its flag by adding a golden crown to the canton.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Between 1964 and 1986, the family dictatorships of François "Papa Doc" and Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier returned to Dessalines' black and red design. They included the national coat of arms, but altered the flags in its trophy to black as well. The Duvalier flag also have a black and red symbol that compared to Angola.Template:Citation needed

See also

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Notes

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References

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