Foreign relations of Sri Lanka

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Politics of Sri Lanka Foreign relations of Sri Lanka refers to the diplomatic and commercial relations between Sri Lanka and other countries. Sri Lanka has stressed its principle of "friendship towards all, enmity towards none" in its diplomacy.

Sri Lanka since the 1950s has followed a non-aligned foreign policy, which does not take sides with major powers.<ref>Patrick Peebles, The History of Sri Lanka (Greenwood, 2005), p. 118.</ref> Since the end of the Cold War in Asia, the country has pursued better relations with all major powers and seeks to strengthen its diplomatic, economic and military ties with China, India, Pakistan, Russia, the United States, Japan, South Korea and the European Union. Sri Lanka has also forged close ties with the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), African Union and Arab League.

Sri Lanka participates in multilateral diplomacy, particularly at the United Nations, where it seeks to promote sovereignty, independence, and development in the developing world. Sri Lanka was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). It also is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Asian Development Bank (ADB), Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (as dialogue partner) and Colombo Plan. Sri Lanka continues its active participation in the NAM, while also stressing the importance it places on regionalism by playing a strong role in SAARC.

File:Ambassador of Sri Lanka visiting the EIB.jpg
Sri Lanka Ambassador to the European Union Grace Asirwatham.

History

The goal of Sri Lanka's foreign policy is to maintain a strong, independent, powerful and unitary Sri Lanka, whose foreign policy establishment maintains it in achieving that goal.

Sri Lanka's foreign policy has been founded in the national interest. In a period of rapid and continuing change, foreign policy can respond optimally to new challenges and opportunities. It has to be an integral part of the larger effort of building the nation's capabilities through economic development, strengthening social fabric and well-being of the people and protecting Sri Lanka's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Sri Lanka's foreign policy is a forward-looking engagement with the rest of the world, based on a rigorous, realistic and contemporary assessment of the bilateral, regional and global geo-political and economic milieu.

Military

The Sri Lanka Armed Forces are the overall unified military of Sri Lanka and encompass the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy and the Sri Lanka Air Force, which come under the Ministry of Defence (MOD). They receive military support from mainly China, Russia, India, Pakistan and Israel. The United States also gives limited support.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries with which Sri Lanka maintains diplomatic relations:

File:Diplomatic relations of Sri Lanka.svg
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Bilateral relations

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 1970 See Kenya–Sri Lanka relations
Template:Flag 16 September 1994 See South Africa–Sri Lanka relations

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 29 July 1959 See Cuba–Sri Lanka relations
Template:Flag 19 April 1960 See Mexico–Sri Lanka relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India, and maintains an honorary consulate in Colombo.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, DC, United States, and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag 23 October 1948 See Sri Lanka–United States relations
File:Jayewardene presents elephant to Reagan.jpg
President Jayewardene of Sri Lanka presents a baby elephant to President Reagan and the American people in 1984
  • The US Embassy in Sri Lanka is located in Colombo, as are the US Agency for International Development offices and Public Affairs offices. IBB offices are located near Chilaw, 75 km north of Colombo.
  • Sri Lankan Embassy is located in Washington, DC.

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 12 February 1992 See Foreign relations of Armenia
  • Armenia is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India.<ref name="mfa.am">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.<ref name="mfa.am"/>
Template:Flag See Azerbaijan–Sri Lanka relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
Template:Flag 1972 See Bangladesh – Sri Lanka relations
Template:Flag 13 May 1987
  • Diplomatic relations began in 1987.
  • The ambassador of the Sri Lankan High Commission in New Delhi is accredited to Bhutan.
  • The ambassador of the Bhutanese Embassy in Dhaka is accredited to Sri Lanka.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Bhutan has an honorary consulate in Colombo.
Template:Flag 7 February 1957 See China–Sri Lanka relations
Template:Flag 4 February 1948 See India–Sri Lanka relations

Bilateral relations between Sri Lanka and India have been generally friendly but were affected by the Sri Lankan civil war and by the failure of the Indian Peace Keeping Force during the civil war. India is Sri Lanka's only neighbour, separated by the Palk Strait. Both nations occupy a strategic position in South Asia and have sought to build a common security umbrella in the Indian Ocean.<ref name="SRI">India's Sri Lankan scars. BBC News (4 May 2000). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>

Relations between India and Sri Lanka relations have undergone a qualitative and quantitative transformation in the recent past. Political relations are close, trade and investments have increased dramatically, infrastructural linkages are constantly being augmented, defence collaboration has increased and there is a general, broad-based improvement across all sectors of bilateral cooperation. India was the first country to respond to Sri Lanka's request for assistance after the tsunami in December 2004. In July 2006, India evacuated 430 Sri Lankan nationals from Lebanon, first to Cyprus by Indian Navy ships and then to Delhi & Colombo by special Air India flights.

There exists a broad consensus within the Sri Lankan polity on the primacy of India in Sri Lanka's external relations matrix. Both major political parties in Sri Lanka, the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and the United Nationalist Party, have contributed to the rapid development of bilateral relations in the last ten years. Sri Lanka has supported India's candidature to the permanent membership of the UN Security Council.<ref>Brief on India-Sri Lanka Relations, Ministry of External Affairs (BSM Division: Sri Lanka)</ref>

Template:Flag 6 August 1952 See Indonesia–Sri Lanka relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Jakarta.
Template:Flag 1961 See Iran–Sri Lanka relations

Iran and Sri Lanka have had official diplomatic relations since 1961.<ref name="one">Sri Lanka – Iran Bilateral Relations Template:Webarchive Embassy of Sri Lanka in Iran</ref>

Diplomatic relations between Iran and Sri Lanka (then known as Ceylon) began in 1961 via the Ceylonese embassy in Islamabad, which was the closest Ceylon had to a presence on Iranian soil until the opening of the Tehran embassy office in 1990. Tehran set up its Colombo office in 1975.

After Mahmoud Ahmadinejad became President of Iran, Sri Lanka was the first country he visited on his inaugural Asian tour.<ref name="two">The Group of 15 (G- 15) Government of Sri Lanka – 14 May 2010</ref> Mahinda Rajapaksa also made ties with Iran a priority after he ascended to office.<ref name="three">Sri Lanka, Iran mutual friends – Minister Template:Webarchive Daily News.lk – 20 February 2010</ref>

Template:Flag 22 February 1961 See Sri Lanka–Iraq relations

Iraq was the largest buyer of Sri Lankan tea during the reign of Saddam Hussein. Ties between Sri Lanka and Iraq were disrupted during the Iraq War. However, in 2018 Iraq re-emerged as the largest buyer of Sri Lankan Tea.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Flag 1 June 1956 See Israel–Sri Lanka relations

Sri Lanka has a close relationship with Israel, and its military is a major user of Israeli weapons systems that include the IAI Kfir Fighter Jet, the Super Dvora Mk III class Patrol Vessel, and the Gabriel missile. In May 2011, the Israeli Minister of Agriculture visited Sri Lanka with an agro-business delegation to promote cooperation between the two countries.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Flag 28 April 1952 See Japan – Sri Lanka relations

During the Second World War, an air raid was carried out by Japan to bomb the city of Colombo in Sri Lanka. Later, relations between Japan and Sri Lanka became friendly, and they established official relations in 1952. Japan has an embassy in Colombo.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Sri Lanka has an embassy in Tokyo.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Sri Lankan President JR Jayawardene played a major role in re-admitting Japan to the world community at the San Francisco Conference

Template:Flag October 1957 See Malaysia–Sri Lanka relations

Malaysia has a high commission in Colombo,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Sri Lanka has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Flag 26 July 1965 See Maldives–Sri Lanka relations
Template:Flag 1 July 1957 Foreign relations of Nepal

Nepal and Sri Lanka established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1957. Nepal opened an honorary consulate general in Colombo in 1975 and established its embassy in 1995. Sri Lanka has a residential embassy in Kathmandu since 1993. Around sixty thousand Sri Lankans visit Lumbini annually to pay homage to Gautam Buddha's birthplace Lumbini, so Government of Sri Lanka has built a rest house and constructed a Buddhist monastery complex in Lumbini.

Following the April 2015 Nepal earthquake, Sri Lanka was one of the first three countries to send medical and search-and-rescue teams to the country. The Sri Lanka Air Force|Aiorce sent flights of C-130 Hercules aircraft, and SriLankan Airlines sent Airbus A330 aircraft, carrying Sri Lanka Army emergency teams.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Flag May 1948 See Pakistan–Sri Lanka relations
Template:Flag April 1982 See Palestine–Sri Lanka relations
  • Palestine has very close ties to Sri Lanka.Sri Lanka has made monetary donations to Palestine on various occasions. Sri Lankan President Maithripala Sirisena also assured that Sri Lanka is committed to stand by the struggle for independence of the Palestinian people.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> There is an embassy for the state of Palestine in Colombo.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag 17 April 1958 See Philippines–Sri Lanka relations
Template:Flag 14 November 1977

see South Korea–Sri Lanka relations

Diplomatic relations between both nations were established on 14 November 1977. South Korean investments in Sri Lanka (cumulative total at the end of June 2014) total $731 million.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Colombo. Sri Lanka has an embassy in Seoul.

Template:Flag September 1958 See Sri Lanka–Turkey relations
  • Since 2012, Sri Lanka has an embassy in Ankara.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Since 2013, Turkey has an embassy in Colombo.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr"/>

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 14 February 1997 Foreign relations of Croatia
  • Sri Lanka recognised Croatia on 27 May 1992.<ref name="mvep.hr">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 February 1997.<ref name="mvep.hr"/>
  • Both countries have agreed on bilateral treaties in various fields.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag March 1981
  • Cyprus is accredited to Sri Lanka by its High Commission in New Delhi, India<ref name="Home - MFA">Template:Cite web</ref> and an honorary consulate in Colombo.<ref name="Home - MFA"/>
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Rome, Italy<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and an honorary consulate in Larnaca.<ref name="Home - MFA"/>
  • Both countries have agreed on bilateral treaties in various fields.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
Template:Flag 28 December 1957 and 15 February 1993
Template:Flag 5 January 1953 See Denmark–Sri Lanka relations
Template:Flag 31 January 1996 See Estonia–Sri Lanka relations
Template:Flag 9 December 1953 See Germany–Sri Lanka relations
  • Germany has an embassy in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Berlin.
Template:Flag 1957
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1957.<ref name="srilankaembassyrome.org">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Greece is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India.<ref name="mfa.gr">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Rome, Italy.<ref name="srilankaembassyrome.org"/><ref name="mfa.gr"/>
Template:Flag 6 September 1975 See Holy See–Sri Lanka relations
  • Formal relations Began in 1978.
  • The Holy See has a nunciature in Colombo. Sri Lanka has an embassy in Rome.
Template:Flag 15 February 1959 See Hungary–Sri Lanka relations

</ref> and has a consul in Budapest<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Flag 15 September 1957 See Romania–Sri Lanka relations

The Romanian Ambassador in New Delhi is concurrently accredited to Sri Lanka, and the Sri Lanka Mission in Warsaw, Poland, is concurrently accredited to Romania.<ref name="srilankaembassy.com.pl">Template:Cite web</ref> The President of Sri Lanka, Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga characterized relations between the two countries in 2003 as "close and friendly".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Diplomatic relations between Sri Lanka and Romania were established on 15 September 1957. They werre initially maintained at Legation level but were raised to ambassadorial level in 1967. In 1963, Romania opened a commercial office in Colombo, which was upgraded to as embassy in 1976 with a chargé d'affaires. The Romanian Mission in Colombo was closed in 1995 but reopened as a commercial office in 1998.

In 1978, the Sri Lankan minister of Foreign Affairs visited Romania.<ref name="srilankaembassy.com.pl"/>

Romania provided 32,000 euros worth of humanitarian aid to Sri Lanka after it was devastated by the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in December 2004.<ref name="translate.google.com">Template:Cite web</ref>

The ambassador designate of Sri Lanka in Bucharest was Clarence Felician Chinniah<ref name="translate.google.com"/> until his death, in January 2009.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In December 2009, Valerica Epure presented her credentials to President Mahinda Rajapaksa to become Ambassador-Designate of Romania to Sri Lanka.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In December 2009, with the end of the civil war in Sri Lanka, 46 Sri Lankan Tamil refugees were sent to Romania to be processed for resettlement from Indonesia on their way to Australia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Bilateral trade between Sri Lanka and Romania was valued at US$8.87 million in 2007, up from US$7.9 million in 2006.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Efforts have been made to expand trade in Ceylon tea to Romania.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2009, the chairman and CEO of the Sri Lanka Export Development Board, Anil Koswatte, singled out Romania as country to which exports could be increased.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Flag 19 February 1957 See Russia–Sri Lanka relations
File:Rajapaksa and Medvedev at St Petersburg Economic Forum.jpeg
President Mahinda Rajapaksa with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, at St. Petersburg Economic Forum, in June 2011.
  • During the war between the Sri Lanka Armed Forces and the Tamil Tigers, Russia helped the Sri Lankese government by providing education on battlefield tactics to the Sri Lanka Army.
  • Russia has an embassy in Colombo. Sri Lanka has an embassy in Moscow.
Template:Flag 14 October 1957
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1956.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • A number of bilateral agreements in various fields have been concluded and are in force between both countries.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag 10 July 1955 See Spain–Sri Lanka relations
  • Spain is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
Template:Flag 23 January 1956 See Sri Lanka–Switzerland relations

In the 1980s, political relations between Switzerland and Sri Lanka intensified, with many Sri Lankan Tamils fleeing from the Sri Lankan civil war to find asylum in Switzerland.

Template:Flag 4 February 1948 See Sri Lanka–United Kingdom relations

Diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom were established on 22 October 1946.

The UK governed Sri Lanka from 1802 to 1948, until it achieved full independence as Ceylon.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 4 February 1948 See Australia–Sri Lanka relations
Template:AnchorTemplate:Flag 14 December 1955 See Foreign relations of New Zealand

New Zealand and Sri Lanka have a strong relationship since the 1800s. New Zealand has longstanding Commonwealth, migrant and sporting ties with Sri Lanka.

  • New Zealand has a High Commission in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to New Zealand from its high commission in Canberra, Australia.

New Zealand visits to Sri Lanka:

  • Prime Minister John Key and Minister of Foreign Affairs Hon Murray McCully visited Sri Lanka for the 23rd Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2013.
  • Hon Murray McCully, Minister of Foreign Affairs, June, August 2013
  • Sri Lankan Parliamentary Delegation attending the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Conference, October 1998
  • Agriculture, Lands & Forestry Minister Jayaratne, May 1996<ref name="test">Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

  • Copper, J. F. "China and Sri-Lanka: Old Friendship Renewed." Asia Quarterly 2 (1975): 101-110.
  • Höglund, Kristine, and Isak Svensson. "Mediating between tigers and lions: Norwegian peace diplomacy in Sri Lanka's civil war." Contemporary South Asia 17.2 (2009): 175-191.
  • Peebles, Patrick. The History of Sri Lanka (Greenwood, 2005)
  • Suryanarayan, V, "Sri Lanka's policy towards China: Legacy of the past and prospects for the future." China Report 30.2 (1994): 203-21

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