Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

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Template:Short description Template:Cite check Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{#invoke: Sidebar | collapsible |name = Politics of the United Kingdom |bodyclass = vcard hlist |pretitle= This article is part of a series on |title = Politics of the United Kingdom |image = Lesser arms of the United Kingdom |listtitlestyle = text-align:left; background:lavender; | heading1 = | expanded = | wraplinks = true | style = width:20em; | liststyle = text-align:centre | list1name = | list1title = Constitution | list1 =

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King Charles III

Prince of Wales's feathers

William, Prince of Wales

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Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom

Charles III
(King-in-Council)

Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom

Starmer ministry (L)

Keir Starmer (L)

David Lammy (L)

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(King-in-Parliament)
Crowned portcullis

Charles III

Composition diagram of the House of Lords

Composition diagram of the House of Commons

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(King-on-the-Bench)

The Lord Reed

The Lord Hodge

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Andrew Bailey

Monetary Policy Committee

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UK general elections

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Endorsements

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European Parliament elections (1979–2019)

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Scottish Parliament elections

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Northern Ireland Assembly elections

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Senedd elections

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UK referendums

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England

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Northern Ireland

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Scotland

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Wales

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The diplomatic foreign relations of the United Kingdom are conducted by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, headed by the foreign secretary. The prime minister and numerous other agencies play a role in setting policy, and many institutions and businesses have a voice and a role.

The United Kingdom was the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries, most notably during the so-called "Pax Britannica"Template:Mdasha period of unrivaled supremacy and unprecedented international peace during the mid-to-late 1800s. The country continued to be widely considered a superpower until the Suez crisis of 1956 and the dismantling of the British Empire left the UK's dominant role in global affairs to be gradually diminished. Nevertheless, the United Kingdom remains a great power and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The UK is a founding member of AUKUS, the Commonwealth, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the G7, the G20, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, additionally the UK is a member of CPTPP. The UK was also a founding member state of the European Union, however due to the outcome of a 2016 membership referendum, proceedings to withdraw from the EU began in 2017 and concluded when the UK formally left the EU on 31 January 2020, and the transition period on 31 December 2020 with an EU trade agreement. Since the vote and the conclusion of trade talks with the EU, policymakers have begun pursuing new trade agreements with other global partners.

History

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File:Battle of Nivelle - November 10th 1813 - Fonds Ancely - B315556101 A HEATH 029 (cropped).jpg
The Battle of Nivelle - a Peninsular War battle between the French and the British armies in France in 1813

Following the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain (which united England and Scotland) in 1707, British foreign relations largely continued those of the Kingdom of England. British foreign policy initially focused on achieving a balance of power within Europe, with no one country achieving dominance over the affairs of the continent. This policy remained a major justification for Britain's wars against Napoleon, and for British involvement in the First and Second World Wars. Secondly Britain continued the expansion of its colonial "First British Empire" by migration and investment.

France was the chief enemy until the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. It had a much larger population and a more powerful army, but a weaker navy. The British were generally successful in their many wars. The notable exception, the American War of Independence (1775–1783), saw Britain, without any major allies, defeated by the American colonials who had the support of France, the Netherlands and (indirectly) Spain. A favoured British diplomatic strategy involved subsidising the armies of continental allies (such as Prussia), thereby turning London's enormous financial power to military advantage. Britain relied heavily on its Royal Navy for security, seeking to keep it the most powerful fleet afloat, eventually with a full complement of bases across the globe. British dominance of the seas was vital to the formation and maintaining of the British Empire, which was achieved through the support of a navy larger than the next two largest navies combined, prior to 1920. The British generally stood alone until the early 20th century, when it became friendly with the U.S. and made alliances with Japan, France and Russia and Germany former antagonist now ally.

1814–1914

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File:Arthur Mees Flags of A Free Empire 1910 Cornell CUL PJM 1167 01 (Reddit source).jpg
Map of the British Empire (as of 1910). At its height, it was the largest empire in history.

The 100 years were generally peaceful—a sort of Pax Britannica enforced by the Royal Navy. There were two important wars, both limited in scope. The Crimean War (1853–1856) saw the defeat of Russia and its threat to the Ottoman Empire. The Second Boer War (1899–1902) saw the defeat of the two Boer republics in South Africa and Boxer Rebellion happen the same year. London became the world's financial centre, and commercial enterprise expanded across the globe. The "Second British Empire" was built with a base in Asia (especially India) and Africa.

First World War

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1920s

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} After 1918 Britain was a "troubled giant" that was less of a dominant diplomatic force in the 1920s than before. It often had to give way to the United States, which frequently exercised its financial superiority.<ref>F.S. Northedge, The troubled giant: Britain among the great powers, 1916-1939 (1966).</ref> The main themes of British foreign policy included a leading role at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919–1920, where Lloyd George worked hard to moderate French demands for revenge on Germany.<ref>Erik Goldstein, Winning the peace: British diplomatic strategy, peace planning, and the Paris Peace Conference, 1916-1920 (1991).</ref> He was partly successful, but Britain soon had to moderate French policy toward Germany further, as in the Locarno Treaties of 1925.<ref>Frank Magee, "‘Limited Liability’? Britain and the Treaty of Locarno." Twentieth Century British History 6.1 (1995): 1-22.</ref><ref>Andrew Barros, "Disarmament as a weapon: Anglo-French relations and the problems of enforcing German disarmament, 1919–28." Journal of Strategic Studies 29#2 (2006): 301-321.</ref> Furthermore, Britain obtained "mandates" that allowed it and its dominions to govern most of the former German and Ottoman colonies.<ref>Wm Roger Louis, "The United Kingdom and the beginning of the mandates system, 1919–1922." International Organization 23.1 (1969): 73-96.</ref>

Britain became an active member of the new League of Nations, but its list of major achievements was slight.<ref>Peter J. Yearwood, Guarantee of Peace: The League of Nations in British Policy 1914-1925 (2009).</ref><ref>Susan Pedersen, "Back to the League of Nations." American Historical Review 112.4 (2007): 1091-1117. in JSTOR Template:Webarchive</ref>

Disarmament was high on the agenda, and Britain played a major role following the United States in the Washington Naval Conference of 1921 in working toward naval disarmament of the major powers. By 1933 disarmament agreements had collapsed and the issue became rearming for a war against Germany.<ref>Raymond G. O'Connor, "The 'Yardstick' and Naval Disarmament in the 1920s." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 45.3 (1958): 441-463. in JSTOR Template:Webarchive</ref>

Britain was partially successful in negotiating better terms with United States regarding the large war loans which Britain was obliged to repay.<ref>Frank C. Costigliola, "Anglo-American financial rivalry in the 1920s." Journal of Economic History 37.4 (1977): 911-934.</ref> Britain supported the international solution to German reparations through the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan. After the Dawes Plan had helped stabilize Germany's currency and lowered its annual payments, Germany was able to pay its annual reparations using money borrowed from New York banks, and Britain used the money received to pay Washington.<ref>Patrick O. Cohrs, The unfinished peace after World War I: America, Britain and the stabilization of Europe, 1919-1932 (Cambridge, 2006).</ref> The Great Depression starting in 1929 put enormous pressure on the British economy. Britain revived Imperial Preference, which meant low tariffs within the British Empire and higher barriers to trade with outside countries. The flow of money from New York dried up, and the system of reparations and payment of debt died in 1931.

In domestic British politics, the emerging Labour Party had a distinctive and suspicious foreign policy based on pacifism. Its leaders believed that peace was impossible because of capitalism, secret diplomacy, and the trade in armaments. Labour stressed material factors that ignored the psychological memories of the Great War and the highly emotional tensions regarding nationalism and the boundaries of countries. Nevertheless, party leader Ramsay MacDonald devoted much of his attention to European policies.<ref>Henry R. Winkler. "The Emergence of a Labor Foreign Policy in Great Britain, 1918-1929." Journal of Modern History 28.3 (1956): 247-258. in JSTOR Template:Webarchive</ref>

1930s

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File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R69173, Münchener Abkommen, Staatschefs.jpg
Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, and Mussolini pictured before signing the 1938 Munich Agreement, which gave the Sudetenland to Nazi Germany.

Vivid memories of the horrors and deaths of the First World War inclined many Britons—and their leaders in all parties—to pacifism in the interwar era. This led directly to the appeasement of dictators (notably of Mussolini and of Hitler) in order to avoid their threats of war.<ref>Patrick Finney, "The romance of decline: The historiography of appeasement and British national identity." Electronic Journal of International History 1 (2000). online Template:Webarchive</ref>

The challenge came from those dictators, first from Benito Mussolini, Duce of Italy, then from Adolf Hitler, Führer of a much more powerful Nazi Germany. The League of Nations proved disappointing to its supporters; it failed to resolve any of the threats posed by the dictators. British policy involved "appeasing" them in the hopes they would be satiated. By 1938 it was clear that war was looming, and that Germany had the world's most powerful military. The final act of appeasement came when Britain and France sacrificed Czechoslovakia to Hitler's demands at the Munich Agreement of September 1938.<ref>David Faber, Munich, 1938: Appeasement and World War II (2010)</ref> Instead of satiation, Hitler menaced Poland, and at last Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain dropped appeasement and stood firm in promising to defend Poland (31 March 1939). Hitler however cut a deal with Joseph Stalin to divide Eastern Europe (23 August 1939); when Germany did invade Poland in September 1939, Britain and France declared war, and the British Commonwealth followed London's lead.<ref>Donald Cameron Watt, How War Came: Immediate Origins of the Second World War, 1938–39 (1990)</ref>

Second World War

Template:Further Having signed the Anglo-Polish military alliance in August 1939, Britain and France declared war against Germany in September 1939 in response to Germany's invasion of Poland. This declaration included the Crown colonies and India, which Britain directly controlled. The dominions were independent in foreign policy, though all quickly entered the war against Germany. After the French defeat in June 1940, Britain and its empire stood alone in combat against Germany, until June 1941. The United States gave diplomatic, financial and material support, starting in 1940, especially through Lend Lease, which began in 1941 and attain full strength during 1943. In August 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met and agreed on the Atlantic Charter, which proclaimed "the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live" should be respected. This wording was ambiguous and would be interpreted differently by the British, Americans, and nationalist movements.<ref>Keith Sainsbury, Churchill and Roosevelt at War: the war they fought and the peace they hoped to make (New York University Press, 1994).</ref>

Starting in December 1941, Japan overran British possessions in Asia, including Hong Kong, Malaya, and especially the key base at Singapore. Japan then marched into Burma, headed toward India. Churchill's reaction to the entry of the United States into the war was that Britain was now assured of victory and the future of the empire was safe, but the rapid defeats irreversibly harmed Britain's standing and prestige as an imperial power. The realisation that Britain could not defend them pushed Australia and New Zealand into permanent close ties with the United States.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|book|author=Alan Warren|title=Britain's Greatest Defeat: Singapore 1942|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zosKzAoocu8C&pg=PA295%7Cyear=2006%7Cpublisher=Continuum%7Cpage=295%7Cisbn=9781852855970%7Caccess-date=15 June 2021|archive-date=4 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604021629/https://books.google.com/books?id=zosKzAoocu8C&pg=PA295%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

Postwar

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File:United Kingdom overseas military installations and operations.png
Overseas military bases in 2016 (blue) and military interventions since 2000 (red).

Economically in dire straits in 1945 (saddled with debt and dealing with widespread destruction of its infrastructure), Britain systematically reduced its overseas commitments. It pursued an alternate role as an active participant in the Cold War against communism, especially as a founding member of NATO in 1949.<ref>F.S. Northedge, Descent From Power British Foreign Policy 1945-1973 (1974) onlineTemplate:Dead link</ref>

The British had built up a very large worldwide Empire, which peaked in size in 1922, after more than half a century of unchallenged global supremacy. The cumulative costs of fighting two world wars, however, placed a heavy burden upon the home economy, and after 1945 the British Empire rapidly began to disintegrate, with all the major colonies gaining independence. By the mid-to-late 1950s, the UK's status as a superpower was gone in the face of the United States and the Soviet Union. Most former colonies joined the "Commonwealth of Nations", an organisation of fully independent nations now with equal status to the UK. However it attempted no major collective policies.<ref>Lawrence James, The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (2001)</ref><ref>Stephen Wall, A Stranger in Europe: Britain and the EU from Thatcher to Blair (2008)</ref> The last major colony, Hong Kong, was handed over to China in 1997.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|date=2017-06-29|title=Hong Kong's handover explained|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-40426827%7Caccess-date=2020-05-18%7Carchive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810223147/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-40426827%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Fourteen British Overseas Territories maintain a constitutional link to the UK, but are not part of the country per se.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|date=2016-02-04|title=What's left of the British Empire (and how to see it)|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/galleries/What-are-the-14-British-Overseas-Territories-and-how-can-I-visit-them/%7Caccess-date=2020-05-18%7Cissn=0307-1235%7Carchive-date=29 June 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180629143858/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/galleries/What-are-the-14-British-Overseas-Territories-and-how-can-I-visit-them/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

Britain slashed its involvements in the Middle East after the humiliating Suez Crisis of 1956. However Britain did forge close military ties with the United States, France, and Germany, through the NATO military alliance. After years of debate (and rebuffs), Britain joined the Common Market in 1973; which became the European Union in 1993.<ref>Andrew Marr, A History of Modern Britain (2009)</ref> However it did not merge financially, and kept the pound separate from the Euro, which partly isolated it from the Euro area crisis.<ref>Stephen Wall, A Stranger in Europe: Britain and the EU from Thatcher to Blair (Oxford University Press, 2008)</ref> In June 2016, the UK voted to leave the EU.<ref>Andrew Gamble, "Better Off Out? Britain and Europe." The Political Quarterly (2012) 83#3: 468-477.</ref><ref>Nathaniel Copsey and Tim Haughton, "Farewell Britannia? 'Issue Capture' and the Politics of David Cameron's 2013 EU Referendum Pledge." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies (2014) 52-S1: 74-89.</ref>

21st century

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File:President Joe Biden sits down with Prime Minister Keir Starmer for a bilateral engagement in the Oval Office.jpg
UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer with US President Joe Biden at the White House, July 2024

Foreign policy initiatives of UK governments since the 1990s have included military intervention in conflicts and for peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance programmes and increased aid spending, support for establishment of the International Criminal Court, debt relief for developing countries, prioritisation of initiatives to address climate change, and promotion of free trade.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|book|last1=Gaskarth|first1=Jamie|title=British Foreign Policy Crises, Conflicts and Future Challenges.|date=2013|publisher=Wiley|location=Hoboken|isbn=9780745670003|page=15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZISAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT15%7Caccess-date=25 October 2020|archive-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817232719/https://books.google.com/books?id=TZISAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT15%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> The British approach has been described as "spread the right norms and sustain NATO".<ref>{{#invoke:cite|book|last1=Wagnsson|first1=Charlotte|title=Security in a Greater Europe: The Possibility of a Pan-European Approach|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780719086717|page=33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C9DJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33%7Cquote=The British solution: spread the right norms and sustain NATO ... The new rules placed humanitarian intervention above the principle of sovereignty. Blair stated that this 'would become the basis of an approach to future conflict'.|access-date=8 November 2016|archive-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818154131/https://books.google.com/books?id=C9DJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

Lunn et al. (2008) argue:<ref>{{#invoke:cite|journal|first1=Jon|last1=Lunn|first2=Vaughne|last2=Miller|first3=Ben|last3=Smith|title=British foreign policy since 1997|publisher=House Commons Library|journal=Research Paper 08/56|date=23 June 2008|url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/RP08-56/RP08-56.pdf}}</ref>

Three key motifs of Tony Blair's 10-year premiership were an activist philosophy of 'interventionism', maintaining a strong alliance with the US and a commitment to placing Britain at the heart of Europe. While the 'special relationship' and the question of Britain's role in Europe have been central to British foreign policy since the Second World War...interventionism was a genuinely new element.

The GREAT campaign of 2012 was one of the most ambitious national promotion efforts ever undertaken by any major nation. It was scheduled take maximum advantage of the worldwide attention to the Summer Olympics in London. The goals were to make British more culture visible in order to stimulate trade, investment and tourism. The government partnered with key leaders in culture, business, diplomacy and education. The campaign unified many themes and targets, including business meetings; scholarly conventions; recreational vehicle dealers; parks and campgrounds; convention and visitors bureaus; hotels; bed and breakfast inns; casinos; and hotels.<ref>James Pamment, "'Putting the GREAT Back into Britain': National Identity, Public-Private Collaboration & Transfers of Brand Equity in 2012's Global Promotional Campaign," British Journal of Politics & International Relations (2015) 17#2 pp 260-283.</ref><ref>Pawel Surowiec, and Philip Long, “Hybridity and Soft Power Statecraft: The ‘GREAT’ Campaign.” Diplomacy & Statecraft 31:1 (2020): 1-28. online review Template:Webarchive https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2020.1721092 Template:Webarchive</ref>

In 2013, the government of David Cameron described its approach to foreign policy by saying:<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Review of the Balance of Competences between the United Kingdom and the European Union: Foreign Policy|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/227437/2901086_Foreign_Policy_acc.pdf%7Cpublisher=HM Government|access-date=21 November 2015|page=13|date=July 2013|archive-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310065254/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/227437/2901086_Foreign_Policy_acc.pdf%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

For any given foreign policy issue, the UK potentially has a range of options for delivering impact in our national interest. ... [W]e have a complex network of alliances and partnerships through which we can work.... These include – besides the EU – the UN and groupings within it, such as the five permanent members of the Security Council (the “P5”); NATO; the Commonwealth; the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development; the G8 and G20 groups of leading industrialised nations; and so on.

The UK began establishing air and naval facilities in the Persian Gulf, located in the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Oman in 2014–15.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|date=April 2013|title=A Return to East of Suez? UK Military Deployment to the Gulf|url=https://www.rusi.org/publications/other/ref:N517AA8D59D1B3/%7Caccess-date=1 July 2015|publisher=Royal United Services Institute|archive-date=2 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702075536/https://www.rusi.org/publications/other/ref:N517AA8D59D1B3/%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|date=19 September 2013|title=The New East of Suez Question: Damage Limitation after Failure Over Syria|url=https://www.rusi.org/analysis/commentary/ref:C523A2F0A381F3/#.VZROPeu-ra6%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702081038/https://www.rusi.org/analysis/commentary/ref%3AC523A2F0A381F3/#.VZROPeu-ra6%7Carchive-date=2 July 2015|access-date=1 July 2015|publisher=Royal United Services Institute|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|date=December 2014|title=East of Suez, West from Helmand: British Expeditionary Force and the next SDSR|url=http://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/sites/default/files/ORGDec14EastSuezWestHelmand_0.pdf%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702074143/http://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/sites/default/files/ORGDec14EastSuezWestHelmand_0.pdf%7Carchive-date=2 July 2015|access-date=22 May 2015|publisher=Oxford Research Group}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|date=1 October 2015|title=Defence Secretary visits Oman|agency=Ministry of Defence|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/defence-secretary-visits-oman%7Caccess-date=28 October 2015|archive-date=16 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016112704/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/defence-secretary-visits-oman%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 highlighted a range of foreign policy initiatives of the UK government.<ref name="SDSR2015">{{#invoke:cite|web|title=National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/478933/52309_Cm_9161_NSS_SD_Review_web_only.pdf%7Cdate=November 2015|publisher=HM Government|access-date=23 November 2015|archive-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124082813/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/478933/52309_Cm_9161_NSS_SD_Review_web_only.pdf%7Curl-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Lord Robertson, former UK Defence Secretary and Secretary General of NATO|title=The 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review and its Implications|url=http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/the-2015-strategic-defence-and-security-review-and-its-implications%7Cpublisher=Gresham College|access-date=26 November 2015|date=27 October 2015|quote=Defence Review would be foreign policy led|archive-date=30 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730130936/http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/the-2015-strategic-defence-and-security-review-and-its-implications%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Edward Longinotti notes how current British defence policy is grappling with how to accommodate two major commitments, to Europe and to an ‘east of Suez’ global military strategy, within a modest defence budget that can only fund one. He points out that Britain's December 2014 agreement to open a permanent naval base in Bahrain underlines its gradual re-commitment east of Suez.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/for-gods-sake-act-like-britain-lessons-from-the-1960s-for-british-defence%7Ctitle='For God's sake, act like Britain' Lessons from the 1960s for British defence policy|last=Longinotti|first=Edward|date=9 September 2015|publisher=History & Policy|access-date=7 July 2016|archive-date=17 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817090724/http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/for-gods-sake-act-like-britain-lessons-from-the-1960s-for-british-defence%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> By some measures, Britain remains the second most powerful country in the world by virtue of its soft power and "logistical capability to deploy, support and sustain [military] forces overseas in large numbers."<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Allison|first=George|date=2017-11-20|title=Study finds UK is second most powerful country in the world|url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/study-finds-uk-is-second-most-powerful-country-in-the-world/%7Caccess-date=2020-11-03%7Clanguage=en-GB%7Carchive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108105529/https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/study-finds-uk-is-second-most-powerful-country-in-the-world/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> Although commentators have questioned the need for global power projection,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Jenkins|first=Simon|date=2018-06-28|title=It's delusional to think Britain should be a global military power|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/28/britain-global-military-power-armed-forces-defence-spending%7Caccess-date=2020-11-03%7Cissn=0261-3077%7Cquote=A modern state needs domestic policing and homeland protection. It needs air and sea coastguards and a reserve for emergencies in cooperation with its neighbours, EU or no EU.|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109025117/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/28/britain-global-military-power-armed-forces-defence-spending%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> the concept of “Global Britain” put forward by the Conservative government in 2019 signalled more military activity in the Middle East and Pacific, outside of NATO's traditional sphere of influence.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=White|first=Kenton|title=How important is NATO to British defence policy?|url=http://theconversation.com/how-important-is-nato-to-british-defence-policy-126534%7Caccess-date=2020-11-03%7Cwebsite=The Conversation|date=29 November 2019 |language=en|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203114414/https://theconversation.com/how-important-is-nato-to-british-defence-policy-126534%7Curl-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Defence in Global Britain|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/defence-in-global-britain%7Caccess-date=2020-11-03%7Cwebsite=GOV.UK%7Cdate=11 February 2019 |language=en|archive-date=11 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211172619/https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/defence-in-global-britain%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

At the end of January 2020, the United Kingdom left the European Union, with a subsequent trade agreement with the EU in effect from 1 January 2021, setting out the terms of the UK-EU economic relationship and what abilities the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office can use in foreign relations related to trade.

Diplomatic relations

British diplomatic relations date back to the 13th century.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Archives |first=The National |title=The National Archives - Homepage |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/foreign-affairs-before-1509/ |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=The National Archives |language=en-GB}}</ref> The United Kingdom has established diplomatic relations with all United Nations members, aside from Bhutan, in addition to 2 Non-UN member states: Holy See, and Kosovo. Moreover, the UK established official relations with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta on 9 October 2024.<ref name="sovereignorder">{{#invoke:cite|news|author=Order of Malta|date=9 October 2024 |title=The Order of Malta and the United Kingdom establish official relations and strengthen bilateral cooperation with the signing of a Strategic Memorandum of Understaning|url=https://www.orderofmalta.int/press-releases/order-of-malta-united-kingdom-establish-official-relations-strengthen-bilateral-cooperation-signing-strategic-memorandum-of-understanding/%7Clocation=Rome|website=Order of Malta|access-date=17 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217175529/https://www.orderofmalta.int/press-releases/order-of-malta-united-kingdom-establish-official-relations-strengthen-bilateral-cooperation-signing-strategic-memorandum-of-understanding/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=aPaGHHT16Lmx6R1xMsxfzE4U7Dqtpg0P4mRqdoJMEUI-1734458129-1.0.1.1-xJxRlQWfumKh4Edc218bLhbVCJsjjSnyzU.KO9kT080%7Carchive-date=17 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> The following table lists the date from which diplomatic relations were established with other countries:

File:Diplomatic relations of the United Kingdom.svg
List of diplomatic relations of the United Kingdom
Country Date source
{{#invoke:flag Portugal}} main|9 May 1386}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag France}} main|1396}} book|title=The Gentleman's Magazine (London, England), 168 |publisher=F. Jefferies |year=1840 |pages=483}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Denmark}} main|1401}} web|title=Danske gesandter og ambassadører i London gennem tiden|url=https://storbritannien.um.dk/om-os/ambassadoeren/danske-gesandter-og-ambassadoerer-i-london-gennem-tiden%7Clanguage=da%7Caccess-date=8 November 2025}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Spain}} main|1505}} book|last=Hillgarth|first=Jocelyn Nigel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXTs8jJiuu8C&pg=PA17%7Ctitle=The Mirror of Spain, 1500-1700: The Formation of a Myth|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2000|page=17|isbn=9780472110926}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Russia}} main|24 August 1553}} web|date=24 August 2016 |title=День в истории: 24 августа 1553 года. Установлены дипломатические отношения между Россией и Англией |url=https://sputnikipogrom.com/calendar/58891/24-august-1553/ |access-date=26 January 2025 |language=ru}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Netherlands}} main|10 August 1585}} <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Sweden}} main|23 December 1653}} book|last=Bell|first=Gary M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9D86YgEACAAJ%7Ctitle=A Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives: 1509-1688|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1995|isbn=0521283221|pages=194, 221, 275 and 283}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag United States}} main|1 June 1785}} web|title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: The United Kingdom|website=Office of the Historian|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/united-kingdom |access-date=4 April 2024|archive-date=21 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321170510/https://history.state.gov/countries/united-kingdom%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Iran}} main|5 June 1807}} book|last=Joseph Haydn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&dq=Harford+Jones+Brydges+envoy+to+Persia+5+June+1807&pg=PA86 |title=The Book of Dignities Containing Rolls of the Official Personages of the British Empire ... from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time ... |publisher=Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans |year=1851 |pages=86}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Nepal}} main|4 March 1816}} web|title=UK and Nepal celebrate 200 years of friendship |website=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-nepal-celebrate-200-years-of-friendship |access-date=30 March 2025 |quote=...the Treaty of Segauli established formal relations between the UK and Nepal. It was ratified in March 1816...}}</ref><ref name="sugauli">{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Sugauli Treaty 1816 |url=https://www.historyjournal.net/article/42/2-2-17-612.pdf |website=International Journal of History |access-date=30 March 2025}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Chile}} main|14 September 1823}} web|author=Diplomat Magazine|title=200 Years of Diplomatic Relations between Chile & the UK|url=https://features.diplomatmagazine.com/200-years-of-diplomatic-relations-between-chile-the-uk/index.html%7Cdate=14 September 2023|website=Diplomat Magazine|access-date=16 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201142147/https://features.diplomatmagazine.com/200-years-of-diplomatic-relations-between-chile-the-uk/index.html%7Carchive-date=1 December 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag state}} main|10 October 1823}} web|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru|title=Perú y Reino Unido celebran 200 años del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas |url=https://www.gob.pe/institucion/rree/noticias/847479-peru-y-reino-unido-celebran-200-anos-del-establecimiento-de-relaciones-diplomaticas%7Cdate=10 October 2023|access-date=22 October 2023 |website=gob.pe|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021210538/https://www.gob.pe/institucion/rree/noticias/847479-peru-y-reino-unido-celebran-200-anos-del-establecimiento-de-relaciones-diplomaticas%7Carchive-date=21 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Argentina}} main|2 February 1825}} <ref name="argentina">Template:Cite x</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Colombia}} main|18 April 1825}} web|author=GOV.CO|title=Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte|url=https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/internacional/politica/regiones/europa/gran-bretana%7Cwebsite=Cancillería%7Caccess-date=1 February 2025|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201160848/https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/internacional/politica/regiones/europa/gran-bretana%7Carchive-date=1 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Brazil}} main|1825}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Haiti}} main|1826}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Mexico}} main|26 December 1826}} web|author=Presidency of the Republic EPN|date=3 November 2014 |title=Relación bilateral México - Reino Unido |url=https://www.gob.mx/epn/articulos/relacion-bilateral-mexico-reino-unido |access-date=30 July 2024|website=Gobierno de México|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909035438/https://www.gob.mx/epn/articulos/relacion-bilateral-mexico-reino-unido%7Carchive-date=9 September 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Greece}} main|21 November 1828}} web|title=Greece liberated |url=https://200years.mfa.gr/en/diplomatic-consular-relations-en/united-kingdom/ |access-date=2 February 2025 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Belgium}} main|1 December 1830}} book|last=Francis W H Cavendish and Edward Hertslet |url=https://archive.org/details/foreign-office-list-1863-july/page/44/mode/1up?q=Foreign+Office+List |title=The Foreign Office List forming a complete British Diplomatic and Consular Handbook 1863 July. 23rd Publication | date=July 1863 |publisher=1863-07 |page=44 |access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Uruguay}} main|21 February 1833}} <ref name="uruguay">Template:Cite x</ref><ref name="uruguay2">{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Diplomat Magazine|title=Uruguay|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/south-america/uruguay/%7Cdate=30 April 2019|website=Diplomat Magazine|access-date=2 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241231211938/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/south-america/uruguay/%7Carchive-date=31 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Venezuela}} main|15 August 1835}} news|date=30 August 2023 |title=Venezuela y Reino Unido afianzan comunicación y respeto a la soberanía |url=https://www.ciudadvalencia.com.ve/venezuela-y-reino-unido-afianzan-comunicacion-y-respeto-a-la-soberania/ |access-date=6 July 2025 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|date=15 August 2023 |title=¿Sabías que hoy #15Agosto estamos celebrando el 188° aniversario del inicio de las relaciones diplomáticas entre el Reino Unido y Venezuela? |website=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/181227381641331 |access-date=6 July 2025 |language=es}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Guatemala}} main|12 July 1837}} web|title=Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala |url=https://www.minex.gob.gt/DirectorioPaisesRelacion.aspx |access-date=11 April 2024|website=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Guatemala|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409073937/https://www.minex.gob.gt/DirectorioPaisesRelacion.aspx?__cf_chl_rt_tk=dhO..Vwwo9gqIk67IvyWTUpTEKSPMMvJ5MD3M777TbA-1712648377-0.0.1.1-1557%7Carchive-date=9 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag state}} main|29 September 1840}} <ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Ethiopia}} main|1841}} web|author=Room for Diplomacy|title=Addis Ababa |url=https://roomfordiplomacy.com/addis-ababa/ |access-date=5 February 2024|website=Room for Diplomacy |date=18 January 2015 |language=en-UK|archive-date=5 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205002700/https://roomfordiplomacy.com/addis-ababa/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag state}} main|28 February 1848}} web|title=Relación de Costa Rica con Gran Bretaña|url=https://www.rree.go.cr/?sec=exterior&cat=politica%7Cwebsite=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship of Costa Rica|access-date=25 April 2025 |language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214093550/https://www.rree.go.cr/?sec=exterior&cat=politica&cont=522&pais=GB%7Carchive-date=14 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Honduras}} main|16 June 1849}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref name="honduras">{{#invoke:cite|book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4toNAAAAQAAJ/page/n69/mode/1up |title=The foreign officer list and diplomatic and consular hand book january 1877 |date=23 February 1877 |publisher=1877 |pages=44}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Liberia}} main|1 August 1849}} web|title=Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between Great Britain and Liberia|work=UK Parliament|url=https://api.parliament.uk/uk-treaties/treaties/6162 |access-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712214726/https://api.parliament.uk/uk-treaties/treaties/6162%7Carchive-date=12 July 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Dominican Republic}} Template:Date table sorting <ref name="dominicanrepublic">Template:Cite x</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Ecuador}} main|29 January 1853}} web|title=His Excellency Mr Luis Ignacio Vayas Valdivieso Ambassador of Ecuador|url=https://features.diplomatmagazine.com/ambassador-of-ecuador/%7Cwebsite=Diplomat Magazine|access-date=17 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716231404/https://features.diplomatmagazine.com/ambassador-of-ecuador/%7Carchive-date=16 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Paraguay}} main|4 March 1853}} web|author=Diplomat Magazine|title=Paraguay|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/south-america/paraguay/%7Cdate=1 March 2012|website=Diplomat Magazine|access-date=1 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429170738/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/south-america/paraguay/%7Carchive-date=29 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Thailand}} main|18 April 1855}} web|title=Political Relations|website=Royal Thai Embassy, London|date=23 January 2024|url=https://london.thaiembassy.org/en/page/politic?menu=65afe63369565e0f3234c853%7Caccess-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405151643/https://london.thaiembassy.org/en/page/politic?menu=65afe63369565e0f3234c853%7Carchive-date=5 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Japan}} Template:Date table sorting web|title=Japan-UK 150 |url=https://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/japanuk150/japanuk150/japanuk_e.html%7Cwork=Embassy of Japan in the United Kingdom|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713125442/https://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/japanuk150/japanuk150/japanuk_e.html%7Carchive-date=13 July 2023|access-date=13 August 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Nicaragua}} main|18 January 1859}} web|title=Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation between Her Majesty and the Republic of Nicaragua|url=https://api.parliament.uk/uk-treaties/treaties/11939%7Cwebsite=UK Parliament|access-date=21 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520231359/https://api.parliament.uk/uk-treaties/treaties/11939%7Carchive-date=20 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>Template:Irrelevant citation
{{#invoke:flag Italy}} main|13 April 1859}} book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nUjwdW92WjYC&dq=Antonio+Maria+Migliorati+ministro+residente+italia+en+Equatore++25+febbraio+1864&pg=PA55 |title=Annuario diplomatico del Regno d'Italia ... |publisher=Italia : Ministero degli affari esteri |year=1886 |pages=55 |language=it |access-date=26 October 2023}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Serbia}} main|7 February 1870}} web|last=Karlicic |first=Miljkan |date=2021 |title=An Overview of The History of Serbian-British Relations |url=https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0409-2953/2021/0409-29532102045K.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020005626/https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0409-2953/2021/0409-29532102045K.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2023 |access-date=24 December 2021 |page=46}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Bulgaria}} main|23 July 1879}} web|title=Bilateral relations|url=http://bulgarianembassy-london.org/bulgaria-and-uk/bilateral-relations/%7Cwork=Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria, London|access-date=8 April 2024|archive-date=29 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229115455/http://bulgarianembassy-london.org/bulgaria-and-uk/bilateral-relations/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Romania}} main|20 February 1880}} web|title=Brief history of Romanian – British diplomatic relations (1880-2022)|url=https://londra.mae.ro/en/node/393%7Cwebsite=Embassy of Romania to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|access-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302221446/https://londra.mae.ro/en/node/393%7Carchive-date=2 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag El Salvador}} Template:Date table sorting web|author=Dirección General de Política Exterior|title=Redistro de Fechas de Establecimiento de RD |url=https://www.transparencia.gob.sv/institutions/rree/documents/338286/download%7Cdate=26 June 2019 |access-date=9 March 2022|work=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores|page=2 |language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820224014/https://www.transparencia.gob.sv/institutions/rree/documents/338286/download%7Carchive-date=20 August 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Luxembourg}} main|8 June 1891}} book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aenfAAAAMAAJ&dq=Luxembourg+:+Horace+RUMBOLD,+envoy%C3%A9+extraordinaire+et+ministre+pl%C3%A9nipotentiaire&pg=PP13 |title=Le grand-duché de Luxembourg dans ses relations internationales |publisher=la cour V. Bück, L. Bück successeur |year=1892 |language=fr}}</ref>Template:Irrelevant citation
{{#invoke:flag Switzerland}} main|1891}} web|title=Bilateral relations Switzerland–United Kingdom|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/representations-and-travel-advice/great-britain/switzerland-great-britain.html%7Cwebsite=Federal Department of Foreign Affairs|access-date=24 February 2025 |language=en-UK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110084718/https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/representations-and-travel-advice/great-britain/switzerland-great-britain.html%7Carchive-date=10 November 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Cuba}} main|20 May 1902}} web|author=Cuba News Agency|date=21 May 2022 |title=Cuba and UK mark 120 years of diplomatic relations |url=http://www.cubanews.acn.cu/world/17539-cuba-and-uk-mark-120-years-of-diplomatic-relations%7Cwebsite=Cuba News Agency|access-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521171118/http://www.cubanews.acn.cu/world/17539-cuba-and-uk-mark-120-years-of-diplomatic-relations%7Carchive-date=21 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Norway}} main|6 November 1905}} web|author=Government.no|date=27 April 1999 |title=Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater |url=https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf |access-date=14 December 2024|website=regjeringen.no |language=no|page=24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207025525/https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf%7Carchive-date=7 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Panama}} main|1908|4|9|format=dmy}} web|title=Relaciones diplomáticas de la República de Panamá|url=http://www.mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf%7Cwork=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Panama|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806131148/https://mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=30 November 2021|language=es|page=195}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Australia}} main|22 January 1910}} news|date=19 February 2010 |title=Queen celebrates Australia-UK landmark |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/queen-celebrates-australiauk-landmark-20100219-oju5.html |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308105305/https://www.smh.com.au/world/queen-celebrates-australiauk-landmark-20100219-oju5.html |archive-date=8 March 2025 |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|journal|year=2010 |title=The High Commissioners |url=https://www.dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/high-commissioners.pdf |journal=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade |pages=239}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Egypt}} main|19 December 1914}} web|title=Countries E |url=http://rulers.org/rule.html#egypt |access-date=13 July 2023}}</ref>Template:Irrelevant citation
{{#invoke:flag Finland}} main|28 March 1918}} web|title=United Kingdom of Great Britain|url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17219&culture=en-US%7Cwork=Ministry for Foreign Affairs for Finland|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010005014/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17219&culture=en-US&contentlan=2%7Carchive-date=10 October 2017|access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Czechia}} main|26 October 1918}} book|last=Kárník |first=Zdeněk |title=České země v éře První republiky, 1918-1938|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgQQAQAAMAAJ%7Cyear=2000 |volume=3 |pages=665|publisher=Indiana University|isbn=9788072771950|language=Czech|quote=Velká Británie diplomatické styky navázány 26. 10. 1918...}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Poland}} main|15 July 1919}} web|title=The United Kingdom|url=https://www.gov.pl/web/unitedkingdom/bilateral-relations%7Cwebsite=gov.pl|access-date=18 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417231146/https://www.gov.pl/web/unitedkingdom/bilateral-relations%7Carchive-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Austria}} main|8 November 1919}} book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OOVSAAAAYAAJ |title=Deutsches Volksblatt, Volume 31, Issues 11072-11099 |year=1919 |pages=2 |language=de}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Hungary}} main|22 May 1921}} news|author=Magyar Nemzet|date=13 September 2021 |title=Facebook-videóval tisztelegnek a brit–magyar kapcsolatok előtt|work=Magyar Nemzet|language=hu |url=https://magyarnemzet.hu/kulfold/2021/09/facebook-videoval-tisztelegnek-a-brit-magyar-kapcsolatok-elott |access-date=15 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930150054/https://magyarnemzet.hu/kulfold/2021/09/facebook-videoval-tisztelegnek-a-brit-magyar-kapcsolatok-elott%7Carchive-date=30 September 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Albania}} main|9 November 1921}} web|title=Relations between Albania and United Kingdom |url=https://punetejashtme.gov.al/en/marredheniet-dypaleshe/marredheniet-shqiperi-mbreteri-e-bashkuar/%7Cwebsite=Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs|access-date=8 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518204049/https://punetejashtme.gov.al/en/marredheniet-dypaleshe/marredheniet-shqiperi-mbreteri-e-bashkuar/%7Carchive-date=18 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag 2013}} main|22 November 1921}} <ref name="afghanistan">Template:Cite x</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Ireland}} main|6 December 1922}} news|date=12 October 2019|first=Mary|last=Muldowney|title=Tim Healy first Governor General of Ireland |url=https://www.dublincity.ie/library/blog/tim-healy-first-governor-general-ireland%7Cwebsite=Dublin City Council|access-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123144550/https://www.dublincity.ie/library/blog/tim-healy-first-governor-general-ireland%7Carchive-date=23 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Turkey}} main|2 September 1924}} web|title=Embassy|url=https://london-emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About%7Cwebsite=Republic of Türkiye | Turkish Embassy in London|access-date=15 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216215725/https://london-emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About%7Carchive-date=16 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Canada}} main|1 July 1926}} web|last=Linwood |first=DeLong |date=January 2020 |title=A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019 |url=https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 |access-date=26 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607090946/https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019%7Carchive-date=7 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Saudi Arabia}} main|20 May 1927}} web|date=October 2004 |title=THE FOREIGN POLICY OF KING ABDULAZIZ (1927- 1953) |url=https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/529/1/uk_bl_ethos_412035.pdf |access-date=1 June 2025 |website=University of Leeds Department of Arabic and Middle Eastern Studies |page=39}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|date=8 January 2021 |title=Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned as King of Hejaz |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=237898317938698&id=105756457819552&set=a.105760351152496 |access-date=1 June 2025 |website=Imperial Muslims on Facebook}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag South Africa}} main|10 March 1931}} <ref name="southafrica">Template:London Gazette</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Iraq}} main|4 October 1932}} book|last=Epstein |first=M. |editor-first1=Mortimer |editor-last1=Epstein |title=The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1932 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230270619 |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |pages=1020 |doi=10.1057/9780230270619 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |isbn=978-0-230-27061-9}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag New Zealand}} main|March 1939}} book|author=Great Britain. Office of Commonwealth Relations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOqLi_6ER8IC |title=The Commonwealth Relations Office Year Book |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1964 |volume=13 |pages=16}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Iceland}} main|8 May 1940}} web|title=Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.government.is/ministries/ministry-for-foreign-affairs/protocol/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/ |access-date=7 June 2024|website=Government of Iceland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226010259/https://www.government.is/ministries/ministry-for-foreign-affairs/protocol/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/%7Carchive-date=26 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Lebanon}} main|9 February 1942}} web|title=THE LONDON GAZETTE, 16 JUNE, 1942 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35598/page/2652/data.pdf |access-date=13 July 2023 |page=2652}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
Template:Flagicon image Syria main|9 February 1942}} <ref name="LG" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Jordan}} main|17 June 1946}} book|title=The Diplomatic Service List|author=Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office.|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s8ofAAAAMAAJ%7Cyear=1970 |pages=136–149}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Philippines}} main|4 July 1946}} web|title=Philippine-British Bilateral Relations|url=https://londonpe.dfa.gov.ph/bilateral-relations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016130624/https://londonpe.dfa.gov.ph/web/20231016130624/https://londonpe.dfa.gov.ph/bilateral-relations%7Carchive-date=16 October 2023|access-date=9 April 2024|website=Embassy of the Philippines, London|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Sri Lanka}} main|22 October 1946}} web|title=Diplomatic relations |url=https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |access-date=10 July 2022|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Sri Lanka|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225113254/https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/%7Carchive-date=25 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Myanmar}} main|7 July 1947}} web|title=Diplomatic Relations between Myanmar and Britain|url=https://mifer.gov.mm/en/bilateral/details/diplomatic-relations-between-myanmar-and-britain%7Cwebsite=Ministry of Investment and Foreign Economic Relations|access-date=20 June 2024|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014192116/http://myanmarbsb.org/_site/diplomatic-relations/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag India}} main|14 August 1947}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Pakistan}} main|14 August 1947}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag South Korea}} main|18 January 1949}} web|url=https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/gb-ko/wpge/m_8369/contents.do%7Ctitle=공관약사주 영국 대한민국 대사관|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea|language=Korean|access-date=6 December 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206172952/http://overseas.mofa.go.kr/gb-ko/wpge/m_8369/contents.do%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Indonesia}} main|19 December 1949}} web|author1=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|last2=Trevelyan|first2=Anne-Marie|author2-link=Anne-Marie Trevelyan|date=29 February 2024|title=UK to increase maritime security links in Southeast Asia, reopen diplomatic mission in Timor-Leste|website=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-to-increase-maritime-security-links-in-southeast-asia-reopen-diplomatic-mission-in-timor-leste%7Caccess-date=31 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523233119/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-to-increase-maritime-security-links-in-southeast-asia-reopen-diplomatic-mission-in-timor-leste%7Carchive-date=23 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Israel}} main|28 April 1950}} journal|last=Siemens |first=Daniel |year=2024 |title=Reparations and Oil in the Cold War: British Perspectives on the Luxembourg Agreement of 1952 |url=https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/fulltext.aspx?url=293913/977C12B5-044E-4E5B-B792-672FDCAA0AB3.pdf&pub_id=293913 |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=377|doi=10.1177/00220094231209246|doi-access=free }}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Yemen}} main|20 January 1951}} book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120699/page/n1471/mode/2up |title=The Statesman's Year-book |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=1951 |volume=91 |pages=1508 |quote=A fresh agreement between the Yemen and the United Kingdom came into force on 20 Jan., 1951: the establishment of diplomatic relations...}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Germany}} main|20 June 1951}} web|title=Großbritannien / Vereinigtes Königreich: Steckbrief|website=Auswärtiges Amt|url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/grossbritannien-node/grossbritannien/206394%7Caccess-date=24 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530110558/https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/grossbritannien-node/grossbritannien/206394%7Carchive-date=30 May 2023|language=German|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Libya}} main|24 December 1951}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Cambodia}} main|5 May 1952}} web|author=Kingdom of Cambodia|date=25 November 2019|title=List of member states of the United Nations (193) having diplomatic relations of Cambodia |url=https://www.mfaic.gov.kh/page/2021-02-10-LIST-OF-MEMBER-STATES-OF-THE-UNITED-NATIONS--193--HAVING-DIPLOMATIC-RELATIONS-WITH-CAMBOIDA%7Cwebsite=Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127014931/https://www.mfaic.gov.kh/page/2021-02-10-LIST-OF-MEMBER-STATES-OF-THE-UNITED-NATIONS--193--HAVING-DIPLOMATIC-RELATIONS-WITH-CAMBOIDA%7Carchive-date=27 November 2021|access-date=2 October 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag China}} main|17 June 1954}} web|date=10 April 2010|title=Overview on China-UK Relations|url=http://gb.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/ChinaUKRelations/introduction/201005/t20100510_3384299.htm%7Caccess-date=5 April 2024|website=Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405152351/http://gb.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/ChinaUKRelations/introduction/201005/t20100510_3384299.htm%7Carchive-date=5 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Laos}} main|5 September 1955}} web|author=British Embassy Vientiane|title=Competition to mark 60 years of UK-Laos diplomatic relations|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/competition-to-mark-60-years-of-uk-laos-diplomatic-relations%7Cdate=16 February 2015|website=GOV.UK|access-date=5 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723184811/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/competition-to-mark-60-years-of-uk-laos-diplomatic-relations%7Carchive-date=23 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Sudan}} main|3 March 1956}} book|title=Sudan Almanac |publisher=Republic of the Sudan |year=1957 |pages=27}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Tunisia}} main|19 June 1956}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Morocco}} main|28 June 1956}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Ghana}} main|6 March 1957}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Malaysia}} main|31 August 1957}} web|title=Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar |url=https://www.data.gov.my/data/dataset/30411e5d-8c25-47fb-940e-0d51149afe20/resource/fc684f56-c8bb-4f65-ab65-8eb5e68c9b5d/download/01-tarikh-penubuhan-hubungan-diplomatik-malaysia.xlsx%7Cwork=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia|access-date=13 November 2021 |language=ms |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113141021/https://www.data.gov.my/data/dataset/30411e5d-8c25-47fb-940e-0d51149afe20/resource/fc684f56-c8bb-4f65-ab65-8eb5e68c9b5d/download/01-tarikh-penubuhan-hubungan-diplomatik-malaysia.xlsx |url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Guinea}} main|28 May 1959}} book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9ofAAAAMAAJ%7Ctitle=The Foreign Office List and Diplomatic and Consular Year Book for ...|volume=137|author-link=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office last=Foreign Office|publisher=Harrison and Sons|year=1964 |pages=485}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Cameroon}} main|1 February 1960}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Togo}} main|27 April 1960}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Madagascar}} main|27 June 1960}} web|title=An Anglo-Malagasy chronology |url=https://www.anglo-malagasysociety.co.uk/timeline.html |access-date=29 July 2023 |website=The Anglo-Malagasy Society}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Democratic Republic of the Congo}} main|7 July 1960}} book|title=East Africa and Rhodesia - Volume 36 |publisher=Africana |year=1960 |pages=1070}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Somalia}} main|7 July 1960}} web|title=Our Diplomatic Relations |url=http://www.mfa.somaligov.net/Diplomatic%20Relations.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724073959/http://www.mfa.somaligov.net/Diplomatic%20Relations.html |archive-date=24 July 2011 |access-date=3 February 2024 |work=Government of Somalia}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Cyprus}} main|1 October 1960}} news|author=Parikiaki|date=1 October 2020 |title=Messages on the 60th anniversary of the Republic of Cyprus |url=https://www.parikiaki.com/2020/10/messages-on-the-60th-anniversary-of-the-republic-of-cyprus/%7Cwebsite=Parikiaki%7Caccess-date=16 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007040837/https://www.parikiaki.com/2020/10/messages-on-the-60th-anniversary-of-the-republic-of-cyprus/%7Carchive-date=7 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Senegal}} main|20 August 1960}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Nigeria}} main|1 October 1960}} journal|last1=Igbini|first1=Daniel M.|last2=Oluka|first2=Lucas N.|last3=Oharisi|first3=Jeremiah A.|url=https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-7-issue-7/01-08.pdf%7Ctitle=Nigeria and the United Kingdom Diplomatic Relations: The Emerging Issues in the Post-Brexit Era|journal=International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation|date=July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826035021/https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-7-issue-7/01-08.pdf%7Carchive-date=26 August 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Benin}} main|6 October 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Burkina Faso}} main|6 October 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Niger}} main|6 October 1960}} web|title=THE LONDON GAZETTE, 5th MAY 1961 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42346/page/3340/data.pdf%7Cwork=The London Gazette|date=5 May 1961|page=3340|access-date=9 March 2024|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114161616/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42346/page/3340/data.pdf%7Carchive-date=14 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Ivory Coast}} main|12 October 1960}} web|last=Djeezou|first=Casimir|title=Coopération Côte d'Ivoire- Royaume-Uni : L'ambassadeur Amani Sara a présenté ses Lettres de Créances à Sa Majesté la Reine Elizabeth II |url=https://www.fratmat.info/article/212816/politique/cooperation-cote-divoire--royaume-uni-lambassadeur-amani-sara-a-presente-ses-lettres-de-creances-a-sa-majeste-la-reine-elizabeth-ii%7Cdate=5 September 2021|access-date=31 January 2024|website=FratMat|language=fr|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515200018/https://www.fratmat.info/article/212816/politique/cooperation-cote-divoire--royaume-uni-lambassadeur-amani-sara-a-presente-ses-lettres-de-creances-a-sa-majeste-la-reine-elizabeth-ii%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Mauritania}} main|28 November 1960}} book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SivwAAAAMAAJ |title=The Diplomatic Service List Volume 5 |author=Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office|publisher=Pennsylvania State University |year=1970 |pages=142}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Chad}} main|9 December 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Central African Republic}} main|9 December 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Republic of the Congo}} main|9 December 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Gabon}} main|9 December 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Mali}} main|22 March 1961}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Sierra Leone}} main|April 1961}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Kuwait}} main|22 September 1961}} web|title=Keesing's Contemporary Archives October 7-14, 1961 |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/122-1961-K-m-PWJ.pdf |access-date=30 May 2025 |website=Stanford University}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Burundi}} main|1 July 1962}} book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SivwAAAAMAAJ |title=The Diplomatic Service List Volume 5 |publisher=Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office |year=1970 |pages=137 |access-date=27 February 2024}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Rwanda}} main|1 July 1962}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Jamaica}} main|2 August 1962}} web|last=Hartman Reckord|first=Elaine|date=28 October 2022|title=Jamaica and UK Celebrate 60 Years of Diplomatic Relations|url=https://jis.gov.jm/jamaica-and-uk-celebrate-60-years-of-diplomatic-relations/%7Cwebsite=Jamaica Information Service|access-date=13 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028185124/https://jis.gov.jm/jamaica-and-uk-celebrate-60-years-of-diplomatic-relations/%7Carchive-date=28 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Trinidad and Tobago}} main|31 August 1962}} web|author=Ministry of Foreign and CARICOM Affairs|date=12 July 2017 |title=His Excellency Orville London presents credentials to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II|url=https://foreign.gov.tt/documents/480/London_Mission_Vol_71_Sept_2017_-online.pdf%7Clocation=Port of Spain|website=Ministry of Foreign and CARICOM Affairs|access-date=6 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121040046/https://foreign.gov.tt/resources/news/his-excellency-orville-london-presents-credentials-her-majesty-queen-elizabeth-ii/ |archive-date=21 January 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Uganda}} main|9 October 1962}} book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=38cfAAAAMAAJ&dq=1962+(October+9)+David+Wathen+Strather+Hunt,&pg=PA131 |title=The Diplomatic Service List Volume 1 |author=Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|year=1966 |pages=131}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Algeria}} main|1962}} web|author=UK Parliament|title=Algeria: 60th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2022-11-16/debates/3C3594A1-0BE7-4BAF-BB7B-3965E2A05E13/Algeria60ThAnniversaryOfDiplomaticRelations%7Cwork=UK Parliament|date=16 November 2022|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320213745/https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2022-11-16/debates/3C3594A1-0BE7-4BAF-BB7B-3965E2A05E13/Algeria60ThAnniversaryOfDiplomaticRelations%7Carchive-date=20 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Mongolia}} Template:Date table sorting web|author=British Embassy Ulaanbaatar|title=UK-Mongolia celebrating fifty years of diplomatic relations|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-mongolia-celebrating-fifty-years-of-diplomatic-relations%7Cdate=25 January 2019|access-date=5 April 2024|website=GOV.UK|archive-date=31 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731123051/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-mongolia-celebrating-fifty-years-of-diplomatic-relations%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Kenya}} main|1963}} <ref name="kenya">Template:Cite thesis</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Tanzania}} main|22 April 1964}} <ref name="tanzania">Template:Cite x</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Malawi}} main|6 July 1964}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Malta}} main|21 September 1964}} web|title=Malta High Commission in the United Kingdom |url=https://missions.foreign.gov.mt/high-commissions/united-kingdom/ |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Zambia}} main|17 October 1964}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Gambia}} main|1 January 1965}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Maldives}} main|26 July 1965}} press release|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives|date=11 July 2025|title=President departs for the United Kingdom for high-level meetings and engagements|url=https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/34248%7Caccess-date=1 September 2025|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901235931/https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/34248%7Carchive-date=1 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Singapore}} main|9 August 1965}} web|title=Diplomatic & consular list |url=https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Overseas-Missions/-/media/D74B3129AEFA44BB8FC411746F005489.ashx |access-date=28 October 2025|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore|page=224|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250903151855/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Overseas-Missions/-/media/D74B3129AEFA44BB8FC411746F005489.ashx%7Carchive-date=3 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Guyana}} main|26 May 1966}} web|title=Diplomatic Relations|url=https://www.londonhc.mission.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations%7Cwebsite=Guyana High Commission UK|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601230906/https://www.londonhc.mission.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations%7Carchive-date=1 June 2024|access-date=2 June 2024}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Botswana}} main|30 September 1966}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Barbados}} main|30 November 1966}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Lesotho}} main|4 October 1966}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Mauritius}} main|12 March 1968}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Eswatini}} main|6 September 1968}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Equatorial Guinea}} main|20 June 1969}} web|title=Page 10482 | Issue 44957, 14 October 1969 | London Gazette | The Gazette|website=The London Gazette|access-date=12 April 2024|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/44957/page/10482%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110084233/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/44957/page/10482%7Carchive-date=10 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Tonga}} main|4 June 1970}} web|title=The History of the Kingdom of Tonga |url=https://tonga-gov.pt/en/the-history-of-the-kingdom-of-tonga/%7Cwebsite=Government of the Kingdom of Tonga|date=22 June 2021 |access-date=24 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120041526/https://tonga-gov.pt/en/the-history-of-the-kingdom-of-tonga/%7Carchive-date=20 January 2025|url-status=live|quote=Tonga has been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations on 4 June 1970 the same date that the United Kingdom... established formal diplomatic relations...}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Samoa}} main|September 1970|format=dmy}} web|title=Countries with Established Diplomatic Relations with Samoa |url=http://www.mfat.gov.ws/embassies/countries-with-established-diplomatic-relations-with-samoa/ |website=Samoa Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214005624/https://www.mfat.gov.ws/embassies/countries-with-established-diplomatic-relations-with-samoa/ |archive-date=14 February 2020 |access-date=19 August 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Fiji}} main|10 October 1970}} web|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Fiji|date=6 June 2016|title=Formal Diplomatic Relations List |url=http://www.foreignaffairs.gov.fj/images/FDR_LIST_version_of_6_June_2016.pdf%7Cwork=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Fiji|access-date=5 August 2024|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827171052/http://www.foreignaffairs.gov.fj/images/FDR_LIST_version_of_6_June_2016.pdf |archive-date=27 August 2019}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Oman}} main|21 May 1971}} book|first=Joseph A.|last=Kechichian|date=29 November 1995 |url=http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2007/MR680.pdf |access-date=12 March 2025|title=Oman and the World: The Emergence of an Independent Foreign Policy|pages=345|isbn=0-8330-2332-2|location=Santa Monica|publisher=RAND|language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250205124914/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2007/MR680.pdf%7Carchive-date=5 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Bahrain}} main|21 August 1971}} web|title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US%7Cwebsite=Kingdom of Bahrain Ministry of Foreign Affairs|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505195337/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |archive-date=5 May 2012 |access-date=15 May 2023}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag United Arab Emirates}} main|6 December 1971}} web|title=50 Years - The Formation of the United Arab Emirates|url=https://www.agda.ae/en/folder/50-years-formation-united-arab-emirates |access-date=17 June 2024|website=Arabian Gulf Digital Archives|archive-date=20 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120130154/https://www.agda.ae/en/folder/50-years-formation-united-arab-emirates%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Bangladesh}} main|4 February 1972}} web|author=British High Commission Dhaka|title=50 years: A new era of Brit Bangla Bondhon|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/50-years-a-new-era-of-brit-bangla-bondhon%7Cdate=4 February 2022|access-date=27 February 2025|website=GOV.UK|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204051609/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/50-years-a-new-era-of-brit-bangla-bondhon%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Qatar}} main|24 May 1972}} web|url=https://mofa.gov.qa/en/statements/joint-communiqu%C3%A8-between-the-state-of-qatar-and-the-united-kingdom%7Ctitle=Joint Communiquè between the State of Qatar and the United Kingdom|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Qatar|access-date=16 October 2024|archive-date=20 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720174918/https://mofa.gov.qa/en/statements/joint-communiqu%C3%A8-between-the-state-of-qatar-and-the-united-kingdom%7Curl-status=dead}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Bahamas}} main|10 July 1973}} web|last1=McNair-Wilson|first1=Michael|last2=Douglas-Home|first2=Alec|author1-link=Michael McNair-Wilson|author2-link=Alec Douglas-Home|title=Bahamas|date=21 December 1972|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1972-12-21/debates/1012e86a-94d0-4117-a851-dcbaf48f6547/Bahamas%7Caccess-date=25 January 2025|website=UK Parliament|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125224747/https://hansard.parliament.uk/web/20250125224747/https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1972-12-21/debates/1012e86a-94d0-4117-a851-dcbaf48f6547/Bahamas%7Carchive-date=25 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Vietnam}} main|11 September 1973}} web|author=Lamdong Foreign Affairs Department|title=Europe|date=14 July 2014|url=https://lamdong.gov.vn/sites/lderd/operationnotes/countriesandregions/SitePages/europe.aspx%7Caccess-date=29 April 2023|work=Lamdong Foreign Affairs Department|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127042907/https://lamdong.gov.vn/sites/lderd/operationnotes/countriesandregions/SitePages/europe.aspx%7Carchive-date=27 November 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Grenada}} main|7 February 1974}} book|author=Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MArwAAAAMAAJ |title=The Diplomatic Service List |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1985 |isbn=9780115916571 |pages=83–99}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Guinea-Bissau}} main|12 March 1975}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Mozambique}} main|27 August 1975}} web|author=Mozambique Maputo|title=Mozambique establishes diplomatic relations with UK |url=https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1975LOUREN00938_b.html%7Cwebsite=WikiLeaks|date=28 August 1975 |access-date=6 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525151228/https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1975LOUREN00938_b.html%7Carchive-date=25 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Papua New Guinea}} Template:Date table sorting web|title=PNG & UK Bilateral relations|url=https://www.pnghighcomm.org.uk/about/png-uk-bilateral-relations/index.html%7Cwebsite=Papua New Guinea High Commission London|access-date=15 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701005509/https://www.pnghighcomm.org.uk/about/png-uk-bilateral-relations/index.html%7Carchive-date=1 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Suriname}} main|31 March 1976|format=dmy}} web|title=Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten |url=http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416134520/http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2019 |access-date=22 December 2021 |website=gov.sr |language=nl}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Seychelles}} main|29 June 1976}} news|author=State House|date=1 November 2023 |title=The new British High Commissioner to Seychelles accredited |url=https://www.statehouse.gov.sc/news/5983/the-new-british-high-commissioner-to-seychelles-accredited%7Cwebsite=State House|access-date=27 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009040008/https://www.statehouse.gov.sc/news/5983/the-new-british-high-commissioner-to-seychelles-accredited%7Carchive-date=9 October 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Cape Verde}} main|17 May 1977}} book|last1=Muzart-Fonseca dos Santos |first1=Idelette |title=Les îles du Cap-Vert: langues, mémoires, histoire |last2=Manuel Da Costa Esteves |first2=José |last3=Rolland |first3=Denis |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2007 |pages=239–240 |language=fr}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Comoros}} Template:Date table sorting book|title=Revue française d'études politiques africaines Issues 138-144 |publisher=Société africaine d'édition |year=1977 |pages=10 |language=fr}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Angola}} main|14 October 1977}} web|author1=Angola|author2=United Kingdom|title=Diplomatic relations between Angola and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as of 14 Oct. 1977|website=United Nations Digital Library| date=14 October 1977 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1485923?ln=en |access-date=2 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401231007/https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1485923?ln=en&v=pdf%7Carchive-date=1 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Nauru}} main|1 December 1977}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Djibouti}} main|25 January 1978}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Solomon Islands}} main|7 July 1978}} web|author=Web Admin|title=UK Foreign Secretary to visit Solomon Islands this week.|url=http://www.mfaet.gov.sb/media-center/press-releases/foreign-affairs-news/471-uk-foreign-secretary-to-visit-solomon-islands-this-week.html%7Cdate=17 April 2023|website=Solomon Islands Government Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade|access-date=25 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528042112/http://www.mfaet.gov.sb/media-center/press-releases/foreign-affairs-news/471-uk-foreign-secretary-to-visit-solomon-islands-this-week.html%7Carchive-date=28 May 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Tuvalu}} main|1 October 1978}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Dominica}} main|13 December 1978}} book|last=Paxton |first=John |editor-first1=John |editor-last1=Paxton |title=The Stateman's Yearbook 1985–1986 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan London|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230271142%7Corig-year=1985%7Cyear=2016%7Cpages=419%7Cdoi=10.1057/9780230271142 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |isbn=978-0-230-27114-2}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Saint Lucia}} main|1979}} web|title=List of countries with which Saint Lucia has established Diplomatic Relations|url=https://www.stlucia.gov.lc/diplomatic-relations%7Cwebsite=Ministry of External Affairs, International Trade, Civil Aviation and Diaspora Affairs of Saint Lucia|access-date=26 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613031221/https://www.stlucia.gov.lc/diplomatic-relations%7Carchive-date=13 June 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Kiribati}} main|12 July 1979}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} Template:Date table sorting web|title=Welcome|url=https://www.svgconsulate.vc/%7Curl-status=live |website=Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Consulate General | Belfast, Northern Ireland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723032354/https://www.svgconsulate.vc/%7Carchive-date=23 July 2024|access-date=18 August 2024}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag São Tomé and Príncipe}} main|3 December 1979}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Zimbabwe}} main|18 April 1980}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Vanuatu}} main|30 July 1980}} web|title=Vanuatu National Foreign Policy|url=https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf |access-date=27 September 2025|website=Vanuatu Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation & External Trade|pages=49|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925183844/https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Belize}} Template:Date table sorting web|author=Government of Belize|title=Diplomatic Relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf%7Cwork=The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230194831/http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2017 |access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Antigua and Barbuda}} main|1 November 1981}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Holy See}} main|16 January 1982}} web|title=Diplomatic relations of the Holy See |website=The Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations|url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php |access-date=14 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250909123508/https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php%7Carchive-date=9 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Saint Kitts and Nevis}} main|19 September 1983}} web|title=Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.foreign.gov.kn/2906-2/ |access-date=23 September 2024|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918094322/https://www.foreign.gov.kn/2906-2/%7Carchive-date=18 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Brunei}} Template:Date table sorting news|author=Ministry of Defence Brunei Darussalam|date=3 July 2024 |title=Minister at the Prime Minister's Office and Minister of Defence II receives farewell call from the British High Commissioner to Brunei Darussalam |url=https://www.mindef.gov.bn/Lists/News/print.aspx?ID=6241%7Cwebsite=Ministry of Defence Brunei Darussalam|location=Prime Minister's Office Brunei|access-date=27 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526231410/https://www.mindef.gov.bn/Lists/News/print.aspx?ID=6241%7Carchive-date=26 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Namibia}} Template:Date table sorting web|last=Mushelenga |first=Samuel Abraham Peyavali |date=2008 |title=Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state |url=https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2703/dissertation_mushelenga_%20s.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y |pages=254–259 |access-date=18 July 2023 |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113033214/https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2703/dissertation_mushelenga_%20s.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=4 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Lithuania}} main|4 September 1991}} web|author=Embassy of the Republic of Lithuania to the United Kingdom|title=With United Kingdom|url=https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219221243/https://uk.mfa.lt/web/20241219221243/https://uk.mfa.lt/en/welcome-to-lithuania/political-relations/with-united-kingdom/170%7Cdate=10 August 2017|archive-date=19 December 2024|access-date=19 December 2024|website=Embassy of the Republic of Lithuania to the United Kingdom|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Estonia}} main|5 September 1991}} web|title=Bilateral relations|url=https://london.mfa.ee/bilateral-relations/%7Caccess-date=6 April 2024|website=Embassy of Estonia London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929135310/https://london.mfa.ee/bilateral-relations/%7Carchive-date=29 September 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Latvia}} main|5 September 1991}} web|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia|date=1 July 2021 |title=Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations?utm_source=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%7Caccess-date=8 June 2024|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618140637/https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations?utm_source=https://en.wikipedia.org/%7Carchive-date=18 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Ukraine}} main|10 January 1992}} web|title=Political issues between Ukraine and Great Britain|url=https://uk.mfa.gov.ua/en/partnership/881-ukrajina-velika-britanija/592-political-issues-between-ukraine-and-great-britain%7Cdate=26 August 2012|website=Embassy of Ukraine to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|access-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201063116/https://uk.mfa.gov.ua/en/partnership/881-ukrajina-velika-britanija/592-political-issues-between-ukraine-and-great-britain%7Carchive-date=1 December 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Slovenia}} main|15 January 1992}} web|last=Đogić |first=Mojca Pristavec |date=31 May 2016 |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=10 November 2024|work=Republike Slovenije Državni zbor|language=sl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926103227/https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf%7Carchive-date=26 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Tajikistan}} main|15 January 1992}} web|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan|date=12 December 2022|title=List of states with which the Republic of Tajikistan established diplomatic relations |url=https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2022/12/12-12-2022-11-21.pdf%7Cwork=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan|access-date=23 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516094933/https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2022/12/12-12-2022-11-21.pdf%7Carchive-date=16 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Moldova}} main|17 January 1992}} web|title=Political and Diplomatic relations|url=https://regatulunit.mfa.gov.md/en/content/political-and-diplomatic-relations%7Caccess-date=15 June 2024|website=Embassy of the Republic of Moldova to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801014840/https://regatulunit.mfa.gov.md/en/content/political-and-diplomatic-relations%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Kazakhstan}} Template:Date table sorting web|author=Government of Kazakhstan|date=10 December 2013|title=Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан |url=http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk%7Cwebsite=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220233503/http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=30 April 2022 |language=ru}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Armenia}} main|20 January 1992}} web|title=United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/gb%7Cwebsite=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia|access-date=12 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225194131/https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/gb%7Carchive-date=25 February 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Turkmenistan}} main|23 January 1992}} web|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan|title=States With Which Turkmenistan Established Diplomatic Relations|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no%7Cdate=25 January 2017|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508101911/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |archive-date=8 May 2019 |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Belarus}} main|27 January 1992}} web|title=Political Dialogue |url=https://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/%7Cwebsite=Embassy of Belarus in the United Kingdom|access-date=10 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114101720/https://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/%7Carchive-date=14 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Marshall Islands}} main|2 February 1992}} web|title=Diplomatic Relations|url=https://www.register-iri.com/info-center/the-marshall-islands/diplomatic-relations/%7Cwebsite=International Registries|access-date=30 January 2024|archive-date=6 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206150004/https://www.register-iri.com/info-center/the-marshall-islands/diplomatic-relations/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Liechtenstein}} main|6 February 1992}} news|date=7 February 1992 |title=Neu akkreditierte FL-Botschafter |url=https://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/viewer/image/000476564_1992/434/-/ |access-date=11 December 2024 |page=2 |language=de}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Uzbekistan}} main|18 February 1992}} web|last=Rustamov|first=Said|date=19 February 2022|title=Tie have never been closer|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/ties-never-closer/%7Cwebsite=Diplomat Magazine|access-date=31 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719154253/https://mfa.uz/en/pages/strani-kotoriye-uzbekistan-ustanovil-diplomaticheskiye-otnosheniya%7Carchive-date=19 July 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Azerbaijan}} main|11 March 1992}} web|title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://london.mfa.gov.az/en/content/3/bilateral-relations%7Cwebsite=Embassy of The Republic of Azerbaijan to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|access-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926120618/https://london.mfa.gov.az/en/content/3/bilateral-relations%7Carchive-date=26 September 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Bosnia and Herzegovina}} Template:Date table sorting web|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|date=30 March 2020|title=Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/?id=6 |access-date=23 April 2025|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|language=bs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301042308/https://www.mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/?id=6%7Carchive-date=1 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Georgia}} main|27 April 1992}} web|title=Relations between Georgia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=287&lang_id=ENG%7Cwebsite=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia|access-date=26 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108064509/http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=287&lang_id=ENG%7Carchive-date=8 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Kyrgyzstan}} Template:Date table sorting web|title=Working with Kyrgyzstan|url=http://ukinkz.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/working-with-kg/%7Cwebsite=UK in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan|access-date=7 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211031055/http://ukinkz.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/working-with-kg/%7Carchive-date=11 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Croatia}} main|24 June 1992}} web|title=Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 |access-date=10 January 2024|website=Republic of Croatia Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125180816/https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800%7Carchive-date=25 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Federated States of Micronesia}} Template:Date table sorting web|title=FSM Diplomatic Relations List |url=http://www.fsmgov.org/diprel.html |website=Government of the Federated States of Micronesia|access-date=18 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011013307/https://www.fsmgov.org/diprel.html%7Carchive-date=11 October 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Slovakia}} main|1 January 1993}} web|title=Spojené kráľovstvo|url=https://www.mzv.sk/web/sk/spojene_kralovstvo%7Cwebsite=Ministerstvo zahraničných vecí a európskych záležitostí|access-date=30 April 2024|language=sk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603191145/https://www.mzv.sk/web/sk/spojene_kralovstvo%7Carchive-date=3 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Eritrea}} main|16 November 1993}} book|title=Eritrea Update, August 1993-2 |publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada}}</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag North Macedonia}} Template:Date table sorting web|title=Bilateral relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Andorra}} Template:Date table sorting web|title=Bilateral Affairs|url=https://www.govern.ad/en/ministries-and-secretaries-of-state/ministry-of-foreign-affairs/the-ministry/bilateral-and-consular-affairs/bilateral-affairs?filter=%5Buvxz%5D.*%7Cwebsite=Govern d'Andorra|access-date=10 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250910172144/https://www.govern.ad/en/ministries-and-secretaries-of-state/ministry-of-foreign-affairs/the-ministry/bilateral-and-consular-affairs/bilateral-affairs?filter=%5Buvxz%5D.%2A%7Carchive-date=10 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Palau}} Template:Date table sorting web|title=Countries with which Palau has Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/oia/islands/upload/PalauDipRelations.pdf |access-date=1 October 2025|work=United States Department of the Interior|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317135821/https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/oia/islands/upload/PalauDipRelations.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag San Marino}} main|18 November 1998}} web|title=Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino |url=https://www.esteri.sm/pub2/EsteriSM/Relazioni-Internazionali/Rapporti-Bilaterali.html%7Cwebsite=Minister of Foreign Affairs, Political Affairs, International Economic Cooperation and Digital Transition|language=it|access-date=19 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002003102/https://www.esteri.sm/pub2/EsteriSM/Relazioni-Internazionali/Rapporti-Bilaterali.html%7Carchive-date=2 October 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag North Korea}} Template:Date table sorting web|title=North Korea |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200001/cmhansrd/vo010226/text/10226w37.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323134651/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200001/cmhansrd/vo010226/text/10226w37.htm |archive-date=23 March 2006 |access-date=21 March 2024 |work=UK Parliament}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag East Timor}} main|2002}} web|title=Europe|url=https://mnec.gov.tl/node/29%7Cwebsite=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Timor-Leste|access-date=31 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522035820/https://mnec.gov.tl/node/29%7Carchive-date=22 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Montenegro}} main|2006|6|13|format=dmy}} web|title=United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|url=https://www.gov.me/en/diplomatic-missions/embassies-and-consulates-of-montenegro/united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409143013/https://www.gov.me/en/diplomatic-missions/embassies-and-consulates-of-montenegro/united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland%7Carchive-date=9 April 2023|access-date=22 March 2024|work=Government of Montenegro|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Monaco}} main|21 September 2007}} web|author=Principaute de Monaco|title=Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007|date=2007|url=https://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/Monaco-a-l-International/Publications/Rapports-de-Politique-Exterieure%7Cwork=Département des Relations Extérieures|accessdate=11 October 2020 |page=44 |language=fr}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Kosovo}} Template:Date table sorting book|author1=Gëzim Visoka |title=Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pRptAQAACAAJ%7Cdate=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138285330 |location=Abingdon |pages=219–221}}</ref>
{{#invoke:flag South Sudan}} main|9 July 2011}} web|author=Foreign & Commonwealth Office|title=Appointment of Her Majesty's Ambassador to the Republic of South Sudan |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/appointment-of-her-majestys-ambassador-to-the-republic-of-south-sudan%7Cdate=9 July 2011|access-date=20 June 2023 |website=GOV.UK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102201915/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/appointment-of-her-majestys-ambassador-to-the-republic-of-south-sudan%7Carchive-date=2 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Algeria}} Template:Date table sorting See Algeria–United Kingdom relations
File:David Cameron is met by PM Sellal of Algeria (8431378795).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Algerian Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal in Algeriasouth afr, January 2013.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Algeria in 1962.<ref name="algeria"/>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Tax Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/algeria-tax-treaties%7Cdate=22 August 2007|title=Algeria: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=10 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171713/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/algeria-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Embassy of Algeria in London|url=https://embassyofalgeria.uk/uncategorized/historic-background/%7Ctitle=Current Relations|date=19 May 2020|website=Embassy of Algeria in London|access-date=10 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418193315/https://embassyofalgeria.uk/uncategorized/historic-background/%7Carchive-date=18 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Angola}} Template:Date table sorting See Angola–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy attends GAVI.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Angolan President João Lourenço in Brussels, June 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Angola on 14 October 1977.<ref name="angola" />

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a High Level Prosperity Partnership.<ref name="prosperity">{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Foreign and Commonwealth Office|author2=Department for International Development|author3=UK Trade & Investment|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/high-level-prosperity-partnerships-in-africa/high-level-prosperity-partnerships-in-africa%7Ctitle=High Level Prosperity Partnerships in Africa|date=19 November 2013|website=GOV.UK|access-date=29 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528234147/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/high-level-prosperity-partnerships-in-africa/high-level-prosperity-partnerships-in-africa%7Carchive-date=28 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Benin}} Template:Date table sorting See Benin–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Benin on 6 October 1960, then known as Dahomey.<ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/576/benin---united-kingdom-bit-1987-%7Ctitle=Benin - United Kingdom BIT (1987)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=16 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227110418/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/576/benin---united-kingdom-bit-1987-%7Carchive-date=27 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Botswana}} Template:Date table sorting See Botswana–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary visits Botswana (6886371565).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague in Botswana, February 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Botswana on 30 September 1966.<ref name="SL"/>Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Botswana from 1885 to 1966, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum">{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Bavier|first=Joe|date=11 September 2019|title=Britain agrees post-Brexit trade deal with southern Africa|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-africa-trade-idUKKCN1VW1N5%7Cwebsite=Reuters|access-date=17 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218025328/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-africa-trade-idUKKCN1VW1N5/%7Carchive-date=18 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Tax Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/botswana-tax-treaties%7Cdate=3 February 2014|title=Botswana: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=26 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171729/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/botswana-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Burkina Faso}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Burkina Faso
File:Deputy Prime Minister with President Compaoré (5363954439).jpg
Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg with Burkinabè President Blaise Compaoré in London, January 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Burkina Faso on 6 October 1960, then known as Upper Volta.<ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Burundi}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Burundi

The UK established diplomatic relations with Burundi on 1 July 1962.<ref name="burundi" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/742/burundi---united-kingdom-bit-1990-%7Ctitle=Burundi - United Kingdom BIT (1990)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=20 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194949/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/742/burundi---united-kingdom-bit-1990-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Cameroon}} Template:Date table sorting See Cameroon–United Kingdom relations
File:Cameroon Joint Commission (9656045600).jpg
Foreign Office Minister Mark Simmonds with Cameroonian Prime Minister Pierre Moukoko Mbonjo, September 2013.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Cameroon on 1 February 1960.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed western Cameroon from 1916 to 1961, when it joined the Federal Republic of Cameroon.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Jayawardena|first=Ranil|title=United Kingdom and Cameroon secure Economic Partnership Agreement|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/united-kingdom-and-cameroon-secure-economic-partnership-agreement |website=GOV.UK|access-date=30 December 2020|date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230103448/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/united-kingdom-and-cameroon-secure-economic-partnership-agreement%7Carchive-date=30 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Central African Republic}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Central African Republic

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Central African Republic on 9 December 1960.<ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Chad}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Chad
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy meets Sudanese refugees in Chad in the border town of Adre on 24 January 2025 - 3.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy in Chad, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Chad on 9 December 1960.<ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development">{{#invoke:cite|web|author-link=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office |author=((Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office)) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries%7Ctitle=Country and regional development partnership summaries|website=GOV.UK|date=17 July 2023 |access-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526234739/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries%7Carchive-date=26 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Comoros}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Comoros

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Comoros on 3 October 1977.<ref name="comoros"/>Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="ESAUKEPA">{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Department for International Trade|date=6 February 2019|title=ESA-UK economic partnership agreement (EPA)|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/esa-uk-economic-partnership-agreement-epa--2%7Caccess-date=1 August 2024|website=GOV.UK|archive-date=1 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801155859/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/esa-uk-economic-partnership-agreement-epa--2%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Democratic Republic of the Congo}} Template:Date table sorting See Democratic Republic of the Congo–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary James Cleverly meets DRC President (52437316311).jpg
Foreign Secretary James Cleverly with Congolese President Felix Tshisekedi in London, October 2022.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 7 July 1960.<ref name="drcongo" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Djibouti}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Djibouti
File:William Hague and Mahamoud Ali Youssouf.jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Foreign Minister Mahamoud Ali Youssouf in London, May, 2013.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Djibouti on 25 January 1978.<ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Egypt}} Template:Date table sorting See Egypt–United Kingdom relations
File:The Prime Minister arrives in Egypt (53270852942).jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi at COP27 in Sharm El Sheikh, October 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Egypt on 19 December 1914.<ref name="egypt"/>Template:Irrelevant citation

The UK governed Egypt from 1882 to 1956, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=19 October 2007|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/egypt-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Egypt: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=12 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205404/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/egypt-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Equatorial Guinea}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Equatorial Guinea

The UK established diplomatic relations with Equatorial Guinea on 20 June 1969.<ref name="equatorialguinea" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> and the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Eritrea}} Template:Date table sorting See Eritrea–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Eritrea on 16 November 1993.<ref name="eritrea" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Eritrea from 1941 to 1952, when Eritrea united with Ethiopia into a federation.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://us.embassyeritrea.org/our-history/%7Ctitle=Our History|website=Embassy of Eritrea, Washington D.C.|access-date=16 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222142531/https://us.embassyeritrea.org/our-history/%7Carchive-date=22 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Eswatini}} Template:Date table sorting See Eswatini–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Eswatini on 6 September 1968.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Eswatini from 1903 to 1968, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Tax Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/swaziland-tax-treaties%7Cdate=2 January 2014|title=Swaziland: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=4 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328114022/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/swaziland-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2976/eswatini---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Ctitle=Eswatini - United Kingdom BIT (1995)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=27 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606053931/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2976/eswatini---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Carchive-date=6 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Ethiopia}} Template:Date table sorting See Ethiopia–United Kingdom relations
File:Haile Selassie Churchill.jpg
Prime Minister Winston Churchill with Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie in 10 Downing Street, October 1954.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ethiopia in 1841.<ref name="ethiopia" />Template:Better source needed

The UK governed Ethiopia from 1941 to 1942. The UK continued to governed the regions of Ogaden and Haud from 1941, until both territories were relinquished to Ethiopia in 1948 and 1955 respectively.<ref name="ShinnOfcansky2013">{{#invoke:cite|book|last1=Shinn|first1=David H.|last2=Ofcansky|first2=Thomas P.|title=Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WU92d6sB8JAC&pg=PA309%7Cdate=11 April 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7457-2|pages=309–}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenues and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ethiopia-tax-treaties%7Cdate= 8 March 2013|title=Ethiopia: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=27 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171752/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ethiopia-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1495/ethiopia---united-kingdom-bit-2009-%7Ctitle=Ethiopia - United Kingdom BIT (2009)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=28 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501195438/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1495/ethiopia---united-kingdom-bit-2009-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Gabon}} Template:Date table sorting See Gabon–United Kingdom relations
File:President of Gabon (12476405025).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Gabonese President Ali Bongo in London, February 2014.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Gabon on 9 December 1960.<ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Gambia}} Template:Date table sorting See The Gambia–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Gambia on 1 January 1965.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed the Gambia from 1816 to 1965, when The Gambia achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gambia-tax-treaties%7Cdate= 11 August 2008|title=Gambia: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=14 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328113202/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gambia-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1656/gambia---united-kingdom-bit-2002-%7Ctitle=Gambia - United Kingdom BIT (2002)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=14 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501190206/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1656/gambia---united-kingdom-bit-2002-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Ghana}} Template:Date table sorting See Ghana–United Kingdom relations
File:PM BJ Bilateral meeting with the President of Ghana Nana Akufo-Addo.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Ghanaian President Nana Akufo-Addo in 10 Downing Street, April 2022.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ghana on 6 March 1957.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Ghana from 1821 to 1957, when Ghana achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac"/> the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> an Interim Trade Partnership Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1= Department for International Trade|author2=Duddridge, James|last3=Jayawarden|first3=Jaya|last4=Truss|first4=Liz|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-trade-partnership-agreement-with-ghana%7Ctitle=UK signs Trade Partnership Agreement with Ghana|date=2 March 2021|website=GOV.UK|access-date=22 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302162419/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-trade-partnership-agreement-with-ghana%7Carchive-date=2 March 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> a High Level Prosperity Partnership,<ref name="prosperity" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1796/ghana---united-kingdom-bit-1989-%7Ctitle=Ghana - United Kingdom BIT (1989)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=22 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601045137/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1796/ghana---united-kingdom-bit-1989-%7Carchive-date=1 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Guinea}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Guinea

The UK established diplomatic relations with Guinea on 28 May 1959.<ref name="guinea" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Guinea-Bissau}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Guinea-Bissau

The UK established diplomatic relations with Guinea-Bissau on 12 March 1975.<ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed parts of Guinea-Bissau from 1792 to 1870, when it was ceded to Portugal.

Both countries share common membership of Atlantic Co-operation Pact, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Ivory Coast}} Template:Date table sorting See Ivory Coast–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Office Minister Mark Simmonds with Prime Minister of Cote d'Ivoire, H.E Mr Daniel Kablan Duncan in London, 11 June 2013..jpg
Foreign Office Minister Mark Simmonds with Ivorian Prime Minister Daniel Kablan Duncan in London, June 2013.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ivory Coast on 12 October 1960.<ref name="ivorycoast" />

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Economic Partnership Agreement,<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> a High Level Prosperity Partnership,<ref name="prosperity" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1065/c-te-d-ivoire---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Ctitle=Côte d'Ivoire - United Kingdom BIT (1995)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=20 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811054019/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1065/c-te-d-ivoire---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Carchive-date=11 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kenya}} Template:Date table sorting See Kenya–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends UNGA (54021845925).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Kenyan President William Ruto at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Kenya in 1963.<ref name="kenya"/>

The UK governed Kenya from 1895 to 1963, when Kenya achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Economic Partnership Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Miriri|first=Duncan|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-kenya-britain-trade/kenya-agrees-new-trade-deal-with-britain-to-safeguard-investments-idUKKBN27J1S6/%7Ctitle=Kenya agrees new trade deal with Britain to safeguard investments|website=Reuters|date=3 November 2020|access-date=1 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101005456/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-kenya-britain-trade/kenya-agrees-new-trade-deal-with-britain-to-safeguard-investments-idUKKBN27J1S6/%7Carchive-date=1 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Defence Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Kariuki|first=Patrick|url=https://kenyanforeignpolicy.com/inside-the-defence-agreement-between-kenya-and-uk/%7Ctitle=Inside the Defence Agreement between Kenya and UK|website=Kenyan Foreign Policy|date=30 June 2023|access-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630153721/https://kenyanforeignpolicy.com/inside-the-defence-agreement-between-kenya-and-uk/%7Carchive-date=30 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=27 December 2013|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/kenya-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Kenya: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=16 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205411/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/kenya-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2225/kenya---united-kingdom-bit-1999-%7Ctitle=Kenya - United Kingdom BIT (1999)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627232426/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2225/kenya---united-kingdom-bit-1999-%7Carchive-date=27 June 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Lesotho}} Template:Date table sorting See Lesotho–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister of Lesotho (13717448975).jpg
Foreign Office Minister Hugo Swire with Masotho Prime Minister Tom Thabane in London, April 2014.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Lesotho on 4 October 1966.<ref name="lesotho"/>

The UK governed Lesotho from 1868 to 1966, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2396/lesotho---united-kingdom-bit-1981-%7Ctitle=Lesotho - United Kingdom BIT (1981)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=11 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811144728/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2396/lesotho---united-kingdom-bit-1981-%7Carchive-date=11 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Liberia}} Template:Date table sorting See Liberia–United Kingdom relations
File:Co-chairs of the High Level Panel in London (8147175093).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf in London, November 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Liberia on 1 August 1849.<ref name="liberia" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" /> and a Tax Information Exchange Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/liberia-tax-treaties%7Cdate=8 November 2017|title=Liberia: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=25 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516092702/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/liberia-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=16 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Libya}} Template:Date table sorting See Libya–United Kingdom relations
File:PM Boris Johnson in Bilat with Libya PM Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Libyan Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh in 10 Downing Street, June 2021.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Libya on 24 December 1951.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Libya from 1942 to 1951, when Libya gained full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/LY/Libya/GB/United-Kingdom%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Libya Tax Treaty (2008)|website=Orbitax|access-date=14 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214005319/https://www.orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/LY/Libya/GB/United-Kingdom%7Carchive-date=14 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bits/3596/united-kingdom---libya-bit-2009-%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Libya BIT (2009)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=14 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812213417/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bits/3596/united-kingdom---libya-bit-2009-%7Carchive-date=12 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Madagascar}} Template:Date table sorting See Madagascar–United Kingdom relations
File:Communiqué signing (23116010876).jpg
Foreign Office Minister James Duddridge with Malagasy President Hery Rajaonarimampianina in London, November 2015.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Madagascar on 27 June 1960.<ref name="madagascar"/>Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Madagascar from 1942 to 1943, when Madagascar was transferred to France.

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="ESAUKEPA"/> Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Malawi}} Template:Date table sorting See Malawi–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Malawi on 6 July 1964.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Malawi from 1893 until 1964, when Malawi gained full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/MW/Malawi/GB/United-Kingdom%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Malawi Tax Treaty (as amended through 1978 Arrangement)|website=Orbitax|access-date=23 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123003431/https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/MW/Malawi/GB/United-Kingdom%7Carchive-date=23 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Mali}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Mali

The UK established diplomatic relations with Mali on 22 March 1961.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Mauritania}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Mauritania
File:British foreign minister discusses Sahel security in Mauritania (6263417651).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Mauritanian Foreign Minister Hamady Ould Hamady in Nouakchott, October 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Mauritania on 28 November 1960.<ref name="mauritania" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Mauritius}} Template:Date table sorting See Mauritius–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Liz Truss and the Prime Minister of Mauritius, Pravind Jugnauth.jpg
Prime Minister Liz Truss with Mauritian Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2022.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Mauritius on 12 March 1968.<ref name="SL"/>Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Mauritius from 1810 to 1968, when Mauritius achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Tax Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mauritius-tax-treaties%7Cdate=20 October 2011|title=Mauritius: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=20 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205413/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mauritius-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Morocco}} Template:Date table sorting See Morocco–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy visits Morocco.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Moroccan Prime Minister Nasser Bourita in Rabat, June 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Morocco on 28 June 1956.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac"/> the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=UK and Morocco sign continuity agreement|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-morocco-sign-continuity-agreement%7Cauthor1=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|author2=Department for International Trade|last3=Burns|first3=Conor|last4=Murrison|first4=Andrew|author3-link=Conor Burns|author4-link=Andrew Murrison|date=26 October 2019|website=GOV.UK|access-date=15 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027130001/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-morocco-sign-continuity-agreement%7Carchive-date=27 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/576/benin---united-kingdom-bit-1987-%7Ctitle=Morocco - United Kingdom BIT (1990)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=26 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501190827/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2609/morocco---united-kingdom-bit-1990-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Mozambique}} Template:Date table sorting See Mozambique–United Kingdom relations
File:President of Mozambique (7169639634).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron and Foreign Secretary William Hague with Mozambican President Armando Guebuza in 10 Downing Street, May 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Mozambique on 27 August 1975.<ref name="mozambique"/>

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a High Level Prosperity Partnership,<ref name="prosperity" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2621/mozambique---united-kingdom-bit-2004-%7Ctitle=Mozambique - United Kingdom BIT (2004)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=16 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811055445/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2621/mozambique---united-kingdom-bit-2004-%7Carchive-date=11 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Namibia}} Template:Date table sorting See Namibia–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Namibia in 1990.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum" />

{{#invoke:flag Niger}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Niger

The UK established diplomatic relations with Niger on 6 October 1960.<ref name="GM" />

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Nigeria}} Template:Date table sorting See Nigeria–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson with the President of Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari at a Commonwealth summit in Kigali, June 2022.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Nigeria on 1 October 1960.<ref name="nigeria"/>

The UK governed Nigeria from 1862 to 1960, when Nigeria achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Nigeria - United Kingdom BIT (1990)|url=https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/NG/Nigeria/GB/United-Kingdom%7Cwebsite=Orbitax%7Caccess-date=12 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212010534/https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/NG/Nigeria/GB/United-Kingdom%7Carchive-date=12 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Enhanced Trade and Investment Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Badenoch|first=Kemi|date=13 February 2024|title=UK signs landmark economic partnership with Nigeria|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-landmark-economic-partnership-with-nigeria%7Cwebsite=GOV.UK%7Caccess-date=28 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213025158/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-landmark-economic-partnership-with-nigeria%7Carchive-date=13 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Nigeria - United Kingdom BIT (1990)|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-landmark-economic-partnership-with-nigeria%7Cwebsite=UN Trade and Development|access-date=28 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809011019/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2692/nigeria---united-kingdom-bit-1990-%7Carchive-date=9 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Security and Defence Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office|author2=Ministry of Defence|author3=Home Office|author4=National Crime Agency|date=3 February 2022|title=UK and Nigeria strengthen security and defence partnership to tackle terrorism and build regional security|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-nigeria-strengthen-security-and-defence-partnership-to-tackle-terrorism-and-build-regional-security%7Cwebsite=GOV.UK%7Caccess-date=28 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203073330/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-nigeria-strengthen-security-and-defence-partnership-to-tackle-terrorism-and-build-regional-security%7Carchive-date=3 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Republic of the Congo}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Republic of the Congo

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Republic of the Congo on 9 December 1960.<ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1026/congo---united-kingdom-bit-1989-%7Ctitle=Congo - United Kingdom BIT (1989)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=2 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807090934/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1026/congo---united-kingdom-bit-1989-%7Carchive-date=7 August 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Rwanda}} Template:Date table sorting See Rwanda–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Rishi Sunak meets Rwandan President Kagame (52870735983).jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Rwandan President Paul Kagame in 10 Downing Street, May 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Rwanda on 1 July 1962.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag São Tomé and Príncipe}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of São Tomé and Príncipe

The UK established diplomatic relations with São Tomé and Príncipe on 3 December 1979.<ref name="DS" />

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> and the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Senegal}} Template:Date table sorting See Senegal–United Kingdom relations
File:Maitre Madicke Niang (5179350418).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Senegalese Foreign Minister Madické Niang in London, November 2010.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Senegal on 20 June 1960.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=ANKASAM|date=7 December 2023|url=https://www.ankasam.org/senegal-and-uk-sign-defence-and-security-cooperation-agreement/?lang=en%7Ctitle=Senegal and UK sign defence and security cooperation agreement|website=ANKASAM|access-date=17 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224055415/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2889/senegal---united-kingdom-bit-1980-%7Carchive-date=24 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Tax Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/senegal-tax-treaties%7Cdate=27 February 2015|title=Senegal: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=22 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424063845/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/senegal-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=24 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2889/senegal---united-kingdom-bit-1980-%7Ctitle=Senegal - United Kingdom BIT (1980)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=17 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218002138/https://www.ankasam.org/%7Carchive-date=18 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Technical Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Embassy of Senegal London|url=https://senegal-embassy.uk/lambassade/presentation/%7Ctitle=Bilateral cooperation between Senegal and the United kingdom|website=Embassy of Senegal London|date=6 June 2020|access-date=18 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428162407/https://senegal-embassy.uk/bilateral/%7Carchive-date=28 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Seychelles}} Template:Date table sorting See Seychelles–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister and Seychelles President sign counter-piracy agreement (6779708386).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Seychellois Prime Minister James Michel in 10 Downing Street, February 2012

The UK established diplomatic relations with Seychelles on 29 June 1976.<ref name="seychelles"/>

The UK governed Seychelles from 1811 to 1968, when Seychelles achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement. Bilaterally the two countries have an Economic Security Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Seychelles Nation|date=9 October 2024|url=https://www.nation.sc/articles/23729/seychelles-uk-sign-economic-security-partnership%7Ctitle=Seychelles, UK sign Economic Security Partnership|website=Seychelles Nation|access-date=27 October 2025|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009070633/https://www.nation.sc/articles/23729/seychelles-uk-sign-economic-security-partnership%7Carchive-date=9 October 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Sierra Leone}} Template:Date table sorting See Sierra Leone–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Sierra Leone in April 1961.<ref name="SL" />

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2903/sierra-leone---united-kingdom-bit-2000-%7Ctitle=Sierra Leone - United Kingdom BIT (2000)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=13 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224062540/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2903/sierra-leone---united-kingdom-bit-2000-%7Carchive-date=24 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Somalia}} Template:Date table sorting See Somalia–United Kingdom relations
File:Global Education Summit.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Somali Prime Minister Mohamed Hussein Roble in London, July 2021.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Somalia on 7 July 1960.<ref name="somalia" />

The UK governed Somaliland from 1884 to 1940 and 1941–1960, Somaliland achieved full independence on 26 June 1960. The UK also governed the remaining territory of modern Somalia from 1941 to 1950, until it became an Italian Trust Territory. Both of these territories unified on the 1 July 1960 to become Somalia.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|date=21 November 2023|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/somalia-uk-strategic-partnership-communique%7Ctitle=Somalia-UK strategic partnership: communique|website=GOV.UK|access-date=22 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250303213555/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/somalia-uk-strategic-partnership-communique%7Carchive-date=3 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Somaliland}} N/A See Somaliland–United Kingdom relations

The UK has not established diplomatic relations with Somaliland; the UK does not recognise Somaliland to be a sovereign nation.

  • Somaliland maintains a diplomatic mission in London.
  • The United Kingdom does not have a diplomatic mission in Somaliland.

The UK governed Somaliland from 1884 to 1940 and 1941–1960, Somaliland achieved full independence on 26 June 1960. The Republic of Somaliland declared independence from Somalia on 18 May 1991.

{{#invoke:flag South Africa}} Template:Date table sorting See South Africa–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Sunak met with President Ramaphosa of South Africa in Number 10 - 2022.jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with South African President Cyril Ramaphosa in 10 Downing Street, November 2022.

The UK established diplomatic relations with South Africa on 10 March 1931.<ref name="southafrica" />Template:Better source needed

The UK governed South Africa from 1806 until 1931, when South Africa gained full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the G20, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/south-africa-tax-treaties%7Cdate=1 June 2015|title=South Africa: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=3 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716023458/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/south-africa-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=16 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag South Sudan}} Template:Date table sorting See South Sudan–United Kingdom relations
File:South Sudan Vice President (8345739210).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with South Sudanese Vice President Riek Machar in London, January 2013.

The UK established diplomatic relations with South Sudan on 9 July 2011.<ref name="southsudan" />Template:Better source needed

The UK governed South Sudan from 1899 to 1956, when Sudan achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Sudan}} Template:Date table sorting See Sudan–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Sudan on 3 March 1956.<ref name="sudan" />

The UK governed Sudan from 1899 to 1956, when Sudan achieved full independence.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|date=10 September 2019|title=Sudan profile - Timeline|website=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14095300%7Caccess-date=11 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718133502/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14095300%7Carchive-date=18 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Tanzania}} Template:Date table sorting See Tanzania–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy visits Samoa (54091598259).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Tanzanian Foreign Minister Mahmoud Thabit Kombo at a Commonwealth summit in Apia, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Tanzania on 22 April 1964.<ref name="tanzania" />

The UK governed Tanganyika from 1916 to 1961, when Tanganyika achieved full independence; the UK governed Zanzibar from 1890 to 1963, when Zanzibar achieved full independence. Both countries unified on 26 April 1964 to become Tanzania.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a High Level Prosperity Partnership.<ref name="prosperity" />

{{#invoke:flag Togo}} Template:Date table sorting See Togo–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Togo on 27 April 1960.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

The UK occupied Togo from 1914 to 1916, when Togo became a French mandate.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Tunisia}} Template:Date table sorting See Tunisia–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy visits Tunisia (54298963553).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Tunisian Foreign Minister Mohamed Ali Nafti in Tunis, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Tunisia on 19 June 1956.<ref name="SL"/>Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=UK and Tunisia sign continuity agreement|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-tunisia-sign-continuity-agreement%7Clast1=Murrison%7Cfirst1=Andrew%7Clast2=Burns%7Cfirst2=Conor%7Cdate=4 October 2019|website=GOV.UK|access-date=22 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004121845/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-tunisia-sign-continuity-agreement%7Carchive-date=4 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tunisia-tax-treaties%7Cdate=2 January 2014|title=Tunisia: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=22 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205418/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tunisia-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3036/tunisia---united-kingdom-bit-1989-%7Ctitle=Tunisia - United Kingdom BIT (1989)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=1 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207161123/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3036/tunisia---united-kingdom-bit-1989-%7Carchive-date=7 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Uganda}} Template:Date table sorting See Uganda–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends CHOGM Summit in Samoa -Day 2 (54091742866).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Ugandan Vice President Jessica Alupo at a Commonwealth summit in Apia, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Uganda on 9 October 1962.<ref name="uganda" />

The UK governed Uganda from 1894 to 1962, when Uganda achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3050/uganda---united-kingdom-bit-1998-%7Ctitle=Uganda - United Kingdom BIT (1998)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=2 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128190623/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3050/uganda---united-kingdom-bit-1998-%7Carchive-date=28 November 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Zambia}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Zambia relations
File:Foreign Secretary James Cleverly visits Zambia - 53090850497.jpg
Foreign Secretary James Cleverly with Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema in Lusaka, August 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Zambia on 17 October 1964.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Zambia from 1911 to 1964, when Zambia achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author= British High Commission Lusaka|date=4 February 2014|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/green-growth-compact-agreement-between-the-uk-and-zambia%7Ctitle=UK and Zambia sign a Double Taxation Agreement|access-date=9 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724040231/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-zambia-sign-a-double-taxation-agreement%7Carchive-date=24 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> an Energy Africa Partnership Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=British High Commission Lusaka|date=9 February 2017|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-zambia-sign-energy-africa-partnership-agreement%7Cwebsite=GOV.UK%7Ctitle=UK and Zambia sign Energy Africa Partnership Agreement|access-date=9 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723220244/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-zambia-sign-energy-africa-partnership-agreement%7Carchive-date=23 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> a Green Growth Compact,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Ford|first=Vicky|author-link=Vicky Ford|date=5 November 2021|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/green-growth-compact-agreement-between-the-uk-and-zambia%7Ctitle=Green Growth Compact agreement between the UK and Zambia|website=GOV.UK|access-date=9 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804194024/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/green-growth-compact-agreement-between-the-uk-and-zambia%7Carchive-date=4 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3597/united-kingdom---zambia-bit-2009-%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Zambia BIT (2009)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=10 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818010046/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3597/united-kingdom---zambia-bit-2009-%7Carchive-date=18 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Zimbabwe}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Zimbabwe relations
File:Boris Johnson with Sibusiso Moyo in London - 2018 (41537095012).jpg
Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson with Zimbabwean Foreign Minister Sibusiso Moyo at a Commonwealth summit in London, April 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Zimbabwe on 18 April 1980.<ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Zimbabwe from 1923 to 1980, when Zimbabwe achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="ESAUKEPA" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development"/> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gambia-tax-treaties%7Cdate=2 January 2014|title=Zimbabwe: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=8 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408172003/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/zimbabwe-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3068/united-kingdom---zimbabwe-bit-1995-%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Zimbabwe BIT (1995)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501192811/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3068/united-kingdom---zimbabwe-bit-1995-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

Asia

Country Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Afghanistan}} Template:Date table sorting See Afghanistan–United Kingdom relations
File:UK PM David Cameron with President Karzai in Afghanistan.jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Afghan President Hamid Karzai in Kabul, June 2010.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Afghanistan on 22 November 1921.<ref name="afghanistan" /> The UK currently recognises the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan government, over the de facto Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan government, as the legal administrator of the country.

The UK governed Afghanistan from 1879–1919, when Afghanistan achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Armenia}} Template:Date table sorting See Armenia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer greets the President of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Armenian President Nikol Pashinyan at a European Political Community summit in Blenheim Palace, July 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Armenia on 20 January 1992.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/gb%7Cwebsite=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia|access-date=12 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225194131/https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/gb%7Carchive-date=25 February 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the OSCE, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue & Customs|date=27 February 2014|title=Armenia: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/armenia-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=18 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205349/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/armenia-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/198/armenia---united-kingdom-bit-1993-%7Ctitle=Armenia - United Kingdom BIT (1993)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=6 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227030356/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/198/armenia---united-kingdom-bit-1993-%7Carchive-date=27 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=British Embassy Yerevan|date=28 August 2025|title=UK Minister visits Armenia to advance strategic partnership|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-minister-visits-armenia-to-advance-strategic-partnership%7Caccess-date=18 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250828090156/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-minister-visits-armenia-to-advance-strategic-partnership%7Carchive-date=28 August 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Azerbaijan}} Template:Date table sorting See Azerbaijan–United Kingdom relations
File:Theresa May meets with Ilham Aliyev (4).jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev in Downing Street, April 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Azerbaijan on 11 March 1992.<ref name="azerbaijan" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/GB/United%20Kingdom/AZ/Azerbaijan/6566e3f4-c4ed-4aea-a2a4-4325b550bc73/-Capital-Gains_ARTICLE-13%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Azerbaijan Tax Treaty (1994)|website=Orbitax|access-date=17 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117005210/https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/GB/United%20Kingdom/AZ/Azerbaijan/6566e3f4-c4ed-4aea-a2a4-4325b550bc73/-Capital-Gains_ARTICLE-13%7Carchive-date=17 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/331/azerbaijan---united-kingdom-bit-1996-%7Ctitle=Azerbaijan - United Kingdom BIT (1996)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=17 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501224215/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/331/azerbaijan---united-kingdom-bit-1996-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bahrain}} Template:Date table sorting See Bahrain–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Bahrain Crown Prince.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Bahraini Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa in 10 Downing Street, June 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Bahrain on 21 August 1971.<ref name="bahrain" />

The UK governed Bahrain from 1861 to 1971, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Bahrain–US Comprehensive Security Integration and Prosperity Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office|last2=Falconer|first2=Hamish|author2link=Hamish Falconer|date=6 December 2024|title=UK joins US-Bahrain agreement to build security across the Middle East|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-joins-us-bahrain-agreement-to-build-security-across-the-middle-east%7Caccess-date=13 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206193943/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-joins-us-bahrain-agreement-to-build-security-across-the-middle-east%7Carchive-date=6 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue & Customs|date= 27 October 1990|title=Bahrain: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-joins-us-bahrain-agreement-to-build-security-across-the-middle-east%7Caccess-date=13 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328113816/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/bahrain-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Both countries are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="gulf">{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Smout|first=Alistair|date=22 June 2023|title=Britain launches free trade talks with Gulf countries|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/britain-launches-free-trade-talks-with-gulf-countries-2022-06-21/%7Clocation=London%7Cwebsite=Reuters%7Caccess-date=29 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622015420/https://www.reuters.com/markets/britain-launches-free-trade-talks-with-gulf-countries-2022-06-21/%7Carchive-date=22 June 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bangladesh}} Template:Date table sorting See Bangladesh–United Kingdom relations
File:Sheikh Hasina with David Cameron.jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in Downing Street, January 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Bangladesh on 4 February 1972.<ref name="bangladesh" />

The UK governed Bangladesh from 1699 to 1947, when it achieved independence as part of Pakistan.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|title=Bangladesh: tax treaties|date=27 February 1961|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/bangladesh-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=27 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093413/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/bangladesh-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Bangladesh - United Kingdom BIT (1980)|website=UN Trade and Development|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/390/bangladesh---united-kingdom-bit-1980-%7Caccess-date=27 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501191121/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/390/bangladesh---united-kingdom-bit-1980-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Illegal Migration Returns Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Home Office|last2=Tomlinson|first2=Michael|author1-link=Home Office|author2-link=Michael Tomlinson|title=UK and Bangladesh sign agreement to tackle illegal migration|date=27 February 1961|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-bangladesh-sign-agreement-to-tackle-illegal-migration%7Caccess-date=27 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516164557/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-bangladesh-sign-agreement-to-tackle-illegal-migration%7Carchive-date=16 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bhutan}} N/A See Foreign relations of Bhutan
File:Hugo Swire and Sonam Tobgye.jpg
Foreign Office Minister Hugo Swire with Bhutanese Chief Justice Sonam Tobgye in London, February 2013.

The UK has not established diplomatic relations with Bhutan; the UK does recognise Bhutan to be a sovereign nation.

Relations between Bhutan and the UK date back to the 18th Century<ref name=bi>Template:Country study</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Health Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Brunei}} Template:Date table sorting See Brunei–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Sultan of Brunei (54214371358).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Bruneian Sultanate Hassanal Bolkiah in Downing Street, December 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Brunei on 1 January 1984.<ref name="brunei"/>

The UK governed the Brunei from 1888 to 1984, when Brunei achieved full independence.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|book|author=Leigh R. Wright|title=The Origins of British Borneo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SzxAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA181%7Cdate=1 July 1988|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|isbn=978-962-209-213-6|pages=181–}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, CPTPP, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=23 March 1995|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/brunei-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Brunei: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=27 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418044127/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/brunei-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=18 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Cambodia}} Template:Date table sorting See Cambodia–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Cambodian Minister of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation Chea Somethy (54391914702).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Cambodian Social Minister Chea Somethy in London, March 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Cambodia on 5 May 1952.<ref name="cambodia" />

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag China}} Template:Date table sorting See China–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends the G20 Summit in Brazil (54147616322).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Chinese President Xi Jinping at a G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China on 17 June 1954.<ref name="china" />

The UK governed the territories of Hong Kong, from 1841 to 1941 and 1945 to 1997, as well as Weihaiwei from 1898 to 1930.

Both countries share common membership of the G20, the UNSC P5, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|title=China: tax treaties|date= 17 December 2013|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/china-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=21 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093413/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/china-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=China - United Kingdom BIT (1986)|website=UN Trade and Development|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/989/china---united-kingdom-bit-1986-%7Caccess-date=21 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501192452/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/989/china---united-kingdom-bit-1986-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Sino-British Joint Declaration.

{{#invoke:flag Cyprus}} Template:Date table sorting See Cyprus–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets President of Cyprus Nikos Christodoulides at 10 Downing Street, London, UK on 14 October 2024 - 2.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides in Downing Street, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Cyprus on 1 October 1960.<ref name="cyprus"/> The UK is a "guarantor power" of Cyprus's independence.

The UK governed Cyprus from 1878 until 1960, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Commonwealth, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the OSCE, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Christofi|first=Constantinos|date=November 2018|url=https://www.financierworldwide.com/the-new-cyprus-united-kingdom-double-tax-agreement%7Ctitle=The new Cyprus-United Kingdom double tax agreement|website=Financier Worldwide|access-date=3 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250203002108/https://www.financierworldwide.com/the-new-cyprus-united-kingdom-double-tax-agreement%7Carchive-date=3 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Georgia}} 1992 See Georgia–United Kingdom relations
File:Minister of Foreign Affairs of Georgia (23420352785).jpg
Minister for Europe David Lidington with Georgian Prime Minister Giorgi Kvirikashvili in London, November 2015.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Georgia on 27 April 1992.<ref name="georgia" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, OSCE, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have and an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1675/georgia---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Ctitle=Georgia - United Kingdom BIT (1995)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=2 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714155848/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1675/georgia---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Carchive-date=14 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=UK and Georgia sign trade continuity and strategic cooperation agreement|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-georgia-sign-trade-continuity-and-strategic-cooperation-agreement%7Clast=Truss%7Cfirst=Elizabeth%7Cdate=21 October 2019|website=GOV.UK|access-date=26 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118104653/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-georgia-sign-trade-continuity-and-strategic-cooperation-agreement%7Carchive-date=18 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Hong Kong}} N/A See Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations
File:Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (6146914431).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang in Downing Street, September 2011.

The UK established modern diplomatic relations with Hong Kong on 1 July 1997.

The UK governed Hong Kong from 1841 to 1941 and 1945 to 1997, when Hong Kong's sovereignty was ceded to the People's Republic of China in 1997.

Both share common membership of the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1872/hong-kong-china-sar---united-kingdom-bit-1998-%7Ctitle=Hong Kong, China SAR - United Kingdom BIT (1998)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=15 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227111801/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1872/hong-kong-china-sar---united-kingdom-bit-1998-%7Carchive-date=27 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag India}} Template:Date table sorting See India–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi receives the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Sir Keir Starmer in Mumbai, Maharashtra on October 09, 2025.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Mumbai, October 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with India on 14 August 1947.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed the India from 1858 to 1947, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the G20, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership,<ref name="indiarelations" /> and a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Indonesia}} Template:Date table sorting See Indonesia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets the President of Indonesia (54155606175).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto in Downing Street, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Indonesia on 27 December 1949.<ref name="indonesia" />

The United Kingdom occupied Indonesia from 1811 to 1816 and 1945 to 1946, on both occasions Indonesia was transferred to the Netherlands.

Both countries share common membership of the G20, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|title=Indonesia: tax treaties|date=17 August 2007|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/indonesia-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=19 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130212938/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/indonesia-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=30 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Indonesia - United Kingdom BIT (1976)|website=UN Trade and Development|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2015/indonesia---united-kingdom-bit-1976-%7Caccess-date=19 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501192012/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2015/indonesia---united-kingdom-bit-1976-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street|last2=Starmer|first2=Keir|title=Joint Statement on a new Strategic Partnership between the Republic of Indonesia and the United Kingdom: 21 November 2024|date=21 November 2024|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-on-a-new-strategic-partnership-between-the-republic-of-indonesia-and-the-united-kingdom-21-november-2024%7Caccess-date=19 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121133240/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-on-a-new-strategic-partnership-between-the-republic-of-indonesia-and-the-united-kingdom-21-november-2024%7Carchive-date=21 November 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Iran}} Template:Date table sorting See Iran–United Kingdom relations
File:PM meeting with President Rouhani of Iran at UNGA (29738823751).jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Irani President Hassan Rouhani at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2016.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Iran on 5 June 1807.<ref name="iran"/>Template:Failed verification

The UK governed southern Iran from 1941 until 1946.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Air Transport Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=19 December 2013|title=Iran: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/iran-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=16 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093414/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/iran-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Iraq}} Template:Date table sorting See Iraq–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Iraq Prime Minister Al-Sudani (54266379821).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Iraqi President Mohammed Shia Al Sudani in Downing Street, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Iraq on 4 October 1932.<ref name="iraq" />

The UK governed Iraq from 1921 until 1932, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Starmer|first=Keir|title=Joint Statement between the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the Prime Minister of Iraq|date=14 January 2025|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-between-the-prime-minister-of-the-united-kingdom-and-the-prime-minister-of-iraq%7Caccess-date=14 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114175408/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-between-the-prime-minister-of-the-united-kingdom-and-the-prime-minister-of-iraq%7Carchive-date=14 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Raab|first=Dominic|title=Foreign Secretary signs UK-Iraq Strategic Partnership on visit|date=8 June 2021|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-secretary-signs-uk-iraq-strategic-partnership-on-visit%7Caccess-date=8 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608184538/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-secretary-signs-uk-iraq-strategic-partnership-on-visit%7Carchive-date=8 June 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Israel}} 1948 See Israel–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Israel’s Isaac Herzog.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Israeli President Isaac Herzog in 10 Downing Street, September 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Israel in 1950.<ref name="israel">{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel |date=17 August 2024 |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://new.embassies.gov.il/england/en/the-embassy/bilateral-relations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818013445/https://new.embassies.gov.il/england/en/the-embassy/bilateral-relations |archive-date=18 August 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=Embassy of Israel London}}</ref>

The UK governed Israel from 1921 until 1948, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the OECD, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Trade and Partnership Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Odenheimer|first=Alisa|date=18 February 2019|title=U.K to Sign Post-Brexit Trade Continuity Accord with Israel|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-18/u-k-to-sign-post-brexit-trade-continuity-accord-with-israel%7Caccess-date=4 January 2025|website=Bloomberg|archive-date=18 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018212155/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-18/u-k-to-sign-post-brexit-trade-continuity-accord-with-israel%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement,<ref name="rha" /> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Dakers|first=Alex|title=UK-Israel strategic partnership explained as Sunak set to condemn Hamas attack|date=16 October 2023|website=The i Paper|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/why-uk-support-israel-strategic-partnership-government-gaza-conflict-2689814%7Caccess-date=4 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016132537/https://inews.co.uk/news/why-uk-support-israel-strategic-partnership-government-gaza-conflict-2689814%7Carchive-date=16 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> The two countries are currently negotiating a new Free Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Smout|first=Alistair|date=20 July 2022|title=Britain launches free trade talks with Israel|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/britain-launches-free-trade-talks-with-israel-2022-07-20/%7Cwebsite=Reuters%7Clocation=London%7Caccess-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720132738/https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/britain-launches-free-trade-talks-with-israel-2022-07-20/%7Carchive-date=20 July 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Japan}} Template:Date table sorting See Japan–United Kingdom relations
File:DJ3A4533 (54150160089).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba at a G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Japan on 26 August 1858.<ref name="japan" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the CPTPP, the G7, the G20, the International Criminal Court, OECD, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=16 February 2015|title=Japan: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/japan-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=16 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171823/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/japan-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Reciprocal Access Agreement.

{{#invoke:flag Jordan}} Template:Date table sorting See Jordan–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets King of Jordan Abdullah II for a bilateral meeting in 10 Downing Street, London, United Kingdom on 6 November 2024 - 2.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Jordanian King Abdullah II in 10 Downing Street, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Jordan on 17 June 1946.<ref name="iraq" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Jordan from 1921 until 1946, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date= 5 July 2005|title=Jordan: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/jordan-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=25 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205410/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/jordan-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=The Jordan Times|date=27 July 2023|title=Strategic partnership, refugee support dominate UK foreign secretary's visit to Jordan|website=The Jordan Times|location=Amman|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-secretary-signs-uk-iraq-strategic-partnership-on-visit%7Caccess-date=8 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728235519/https://jordantimes.com/news/local/strategic-partnership-refugee-support-dominate-uk-foreign-secretarys-visit-jordan%7Carchive-date=28 July 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kazakhstan}} Template:Date table sorting See Kazakhstan–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends COP29 in Azerbaijan (54134866026).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev at COP29 in Baku, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Kazakhstan on 19 January 1992.<ref name="kazakhstan" />

Both countries share common membership of the OSCE, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=6 January 2014|title=Kazakhstan: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/kazakhstan-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=25 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093414/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/kazakhstan-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Kazakhstan - United Kingdom BIT (1995)|website=UN Trade and Development|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2217/kazakhstan---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Caccess-date=25 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420134347/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2217/kazakhstan---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Carchive-date=20 April 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Eruygur|first=Burç|title=Kazakhstan, UK sign strategic partnership, cooperation agreement|date=24 April 2024|website=The Astana Times|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/kazakhstan-uk-sign-strategic-partnership-cooperation-agreement/3201504%7Caccess-date=25 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425004823/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/kazakhstan-uk-sign-strategic-partnership-cooperation-agreement/3201504%7Carchive-date=25 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kuwait}} Template:Date table sorting See Kuwait–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends UNGA Day 2 (54024121800).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Crown Prince of Kuwait Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Kuwait on 8 November 1961.<ref name="SL" />

The UK governed Kuwait from 1899 to 1961, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Kuwait - United Kingdom BIT (2009)|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bits/3519/kuwait---united-kingdom-bit-2009-%7Cwebsite=UN Trade and Development|access-date=2 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812220615/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bits/3519/kuwait---united-kingdom-bit-2009-%7Carchive-date=12 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> The UK and the Gulf Cooperation Council, of which Kuwait is a member, are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.

{{#invoke:flag Kyrgyzstan}} Template:Date table sorting See Kyrgyzstan–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Cameron visits Kyrgyzstan on 22 April 2024 - 8.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Foreign Minister Jeenbek Kulubayev in Bishkek, April 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Kyrgyzstan on 12 June 1992.<ref name="kyrgyzstan" />

Both countries share common membership of the OSCE, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=22 June 2017|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/kyrgyzstan-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Kyrgyzstan: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=9 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205411/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/kyrgyzstan-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Kyrgyzstan - United Kingdom BIT (1994)|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2339/kyrgyzstan---united-kingdom-bit-1994-%7Cwebsite=UN Trade and Development|access-date=9 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805165019/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2339/kyrgyzstan---united-kingdom-bit-1994-%7Carchive-date=5 August 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Laos}} Template:Date table sorting See Laos–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy attends the ASEAN Foreign Ministers meeting in Laos (53882276921).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Lao Foreign Minister Saleumxay Kommasith in Vientiane, July 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Laos on 5 September 1955.<ref name="laos" />

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Lao People's Democratic Republic - United Kingdom BIT (1995)|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2353/lao-people-s-democratic-republic---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Cwebsite=UN Trade and Development|access-date=13 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194939/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2353/lao-people-s-democratic-republic---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Lebanon}} Template:Date table sorting See Lebanon–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Lebanon Prime Minister Najib Mikati for a bilateral meeting in 10 Downing Street in London, United Kingdom on 28 October 2024 - 1.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati in 10 Downing Street, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Lebanon on 9 February 1942.<ref name="LG"/>Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> and a Development Partnership.<ref name="development"/>

{{#invoke:flag Macao}} N/A See Foreign relations of Macao

The UK established modern diplomatic relations with Macao on 20 December 1999.

Both share common membership of the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Malaysia}} Template:Date table sorting See Malaysia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim in 10 Downing Street, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Malaysia on 31 August 1957.<ref name="malaysia" />

The UK governed the Malaysia from 1826 to 1942 and 1945 to 1957, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, CPTPP, the Five Power Defence Arrangements, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/MY/Malaysia/GB/United-Kingdom%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Malaysia Tax Treaty (as amended by 2009 protocol)|website=Orbitax|access-date=15 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114001507/https://orbitax.com/assets/images/alert.png%7Carchive-date=14 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Malaysia - United Kingdom BIT (1981)|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2491/malaysia---united-kingdom-bit-1981-%7Cwebsite=UN Trade and Development|access-date=6 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004205433/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2491/malaysia---united-kingdom-bit-1981-%7Carchive-date=4 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Maldives}} Template:Date table sorting See Maldives–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends COP29 in Azerbaijan (54135015943).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Maldivian President Mohamed Muizzu at COP29 in Baku, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Maldives on 26 July 1965.<ref name="maldives" />

The UK governed the Maldives from 1796 to 1965, when the Maldives achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Both countries are currently negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Mongolia}} Template:Date table sorting See Mongolia–United Kingdom relations
File:Mongolia visit by the United Kingdom Foreign Secretary David Cameron on 26 April 2024 - 28.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Mongolian Foreign Minister Battsetseg Batmunkh in Ulaanbaatar, April 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Mongolia on 23 January 1963.<ref name="mongolia" />

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Air Services Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=British Embassy Ulaanbaatar|title=Air Services Agreement signed between UK and Mongolia|date=7 February 2024|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/air-services-agreement-signed-between-uk-and-mongolia%7Caccess-date=6 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207085739/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/air-services-agreement-signed-between-uk-and-mongolia%7Carchive-date=7 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=27 March 2009|title=Mongolia: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mongolia-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=2 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716052636/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mongolia-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=16 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Mongolia - United Kingdom BIT (1991)|website=UN Trade and Development|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2576/mongolia---united-kingdom-bit-1991-%7Caccess-date=6 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194340/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2576/mongolia---united-kingdom-bit-1991-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Myanmar}} Template:Date table sorting See Myanmar–United Kingdom relations
File:May meets with Aung San Suu Kyi in 2016.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Myanmar State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi in 10 Downing Street, September 2016.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Myanmar on 7 July 1947.<ref name="myanmar" />

The UK governed Myanmar from 1824 to 1942 and 1945 to 1948, when Myanmar achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=16 December 2013|title=Myanmar (Burma): tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/burma-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=23 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093415/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/burma-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Nepal}} Template:Date table sorting See Nepal–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Theresa May attended the United Nations General Assembly in New York, United States of America.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Nepali Prime Minister K. P. Sharma Oli at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Nepal on 4 March 1816.<ref name="nepal" /><ref name="sugauli" />

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2633/nepal---united-kingdom-bit-1993-%7Ctitle=Nepal - United Kingdom BIT (1993)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=12 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224050625/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2633/nepal---united-kingdom-bit-1993-%7Carchive-date=24 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag North Korea}} Template:Date table sorting See North Korea–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with North Korea on 12 December 2000.<ref name="northkorea" />

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Oman}} Template:Date table sorting See Oman–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Haitham bin Tariq, the Sultan of Oman for a bilateral meeting in 10 Downing Street, London, United Kingdom 6 August 2024 - 2.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Omani Sultanate Haitham bin Tariq in 10 Downing Street, August 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Oman on 21 May 1971.<ref name="oman" />

The UK governed Oman from 1891 until 1951, when Oman achieved full independence.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=A History of Oman|website=The Royal Air Force Museum|url=https://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/online-exhibitions/an-enduring-relationship-a-history/a-history-of-oman/%7Caccess-date=7 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224053039/https://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/online-exhibitions/an-enduring-relationship-a-history/a-history-of-oman/%7Carchive-date=24 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Comprehensive Agreement on Enduring Friendship and Bilateral Cooperation,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Foreign and Commonwealth Office|last2=Hunt|first2=Jeremy|date=23 May 2019|title=Oman: UK and Oman sign Comprehensive Agreement|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/oman-uk-and-oman-sign-comprehensive-agreement%7Caccess-date=12 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523144925/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/oman-uk-and-oman-sign-comprehensive-agreement%7Carchive-date=23 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=13 June 2016|title=Oman: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/oman-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=12 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093415/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/oman-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2709/oman---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Ctitle=Oman - United Kingdom BIT (1995)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=20 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531223426/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2709/oman---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Cdate=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Mutual Defence Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Times News Service|date=28 May 2022|url=https://timesofoman.com/article/117249-oman-uk-sign-mutual-defence-agreement%7Ctitle=Oman, UK sign mutual defence agreement|website=Times of Oman|access-date=20 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528071718/https://timesofoman.com/article/117249-oman-uk-sign-mutual-defence-agreement%7Carchive-date=28 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Both countries are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="gulf"/>

{{#invoke:flag Pakistan}} Template:Date table sorting See Pakistan–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends UNGA Day 2 (54023071436).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Pakistan on 14 August 1947.<ref name="pakistan">{{#invoke:cite|book|title=Five Years of Pakistan, August 1947-August 1952|publisher=Pakistan Publications|year=1952|pages=222}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Pakistan from 1824 to 1947, when Pakistan achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|title=Pakistan: tax treaties|date=15 August 2006|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pakistan-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=22 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171903/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pakistan-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Pakistan - United Kingdom BIT (1994)|website=UN Trade and Development|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2730/pakistan---united-kingdom-bit-1994-%7Caccess-date=22 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501192822/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2730/pakistan---united-kingdom-bit-1994-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Palestine}} N/A See Palestine–United Kingdom relations
File:Keir Starmer, Mahmoud Abbas - shaking hands in front of Palestinian flag and UK flag 6181997 (cropped).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas in 10 Downing Street, October 2025.

The UK has not established diplomatic relations with PalestineTemplate:Efn; the UK does recognise Palestine to be a sovereign nation.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

The UK governed Palestine from 1921 until 1948, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Political, Trade and Partnership Agreement.

{{#invoke:flag Philippines}} Template:Date table sorting See Philippines–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy at the ASEAN summit in Malaysia (54649270111).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Filipino Foreign Affairs Secretary Tess Lazaro in Kuala Lumpur, July 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Philippines on 4 July 1946.<ref name="philippines" />

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2770/philippines---united-kingdom-bit-1980-%7Ctitle=Philippines - United Kingdom BIT (1980)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=6 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194750/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2770/philippines---united-kingdom-bit-1980-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Qatar}} Template:Date table sorting See Qatar–United Kingdom relations
File:UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets with Emir of Qatar Tamim ibn Hamad Al Thani, 2025 Sharm El Sheikh Summit for Peace.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Qatari Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani at a peace summit in Sharm El Sheikh, October 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Qatar on 24 May 1972.<ref name="qatar" />

The UK governed Qatar from 1916 to 1971, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Climate Technology Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Reynolds|first1=Jonathan|last2=Starmer|first2=Keir|author1link=Jonathan Reynolds|author2link=Keir Starmer|title=Groundbreaking UK-Qatar climate technology partnership agreed|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/groundbreaking-uk-qatar-climate-technology-partnership-agreed%7Cdate=4 December 2024|website=GOV.UK|access-date=4 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204024721/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/groundbreaking-uk-qatar-climate-technology-partnership-agreed%7Carchive-date=4 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Security Pact,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Jones|first=Sam|title=UK and Qatar sign pact to combat jihadis and cyber warfare|url=https://www.ft.com/content/4d16d268-629b-11e4-9838-00144feabdc0%7Cdate=2 November 2014|website=Financial Times|access-date=11 May 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115060830/https://www.ft.com/content/4d16d268-629b-11e4-9838-00144feabdc0%7Carchive-date=15 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Strategic Investment Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Johnson|first=Boris|title=Joint Communiqué: United Kingdom – The State of Qatar|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-communique-united-kingdom-the-state-of-qatar%7Cdate=24 May 2022|website=GOV.UK|access-date=11 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524173334/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-communique-united-kingdom-the-state-of-qatar%7Carchive-date=24 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> and have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3598/qatar---united-kingdom-bit-2009-%7Ctitle=Qatar - United Kingdom BIT (2009)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=16 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222202953/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3598/qatar---united-kingdom-bit-2009-%7Carchive-date=22 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> The two countries are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.

{{#invoke:flag Saudi Arabia}} Template:Date table sorting See Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer visit to the Middle East region.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in Riyadh, December 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia on 20 May 1927.<ref name="saudiarabia">{{#invoke:cite|news|date=26 September 1927 |title=Hejaz-Nejd Treaty signed with Great Britain |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3881475 |access-date=26 September 2023 |newspaper=Argus |publisher=The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) Mon 26 Sep 1927 |location=trove.nla.gov.au |pages=15 |edition=}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Critical Minerals Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Ravikumar|first=Sachin|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/uk-sign-critical-minerals-partnership-with-saudi-arabia-2025-01-14/%7Cdate=14 January 2025|title=UK to sign critical minerals partnership with Saudi Arabia|location=London|website=Reuters|access-date=19 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114195100/https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/uk-sign-critical-minerals-partnership-with-saudi-arabia-2025-01-14/%7Carchive-date=14 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> a Defence Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Allison|first=George|url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/uk-and-saudi-arabia-sign-new-defence-agreement/%7Cdate=2 March 2023|title=UK and Saudi Arabia sign new defence agreement|website=UK Defence Journal|access-date=19 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303021050/https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/uk-and-saudi-arabia-sign-new-defence-agreement/%7Carchive-date=3 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/GB/United-Kingdom/SA/Saudi-Arabia%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Saudi Arabia Tax Treaty (2007)|website=Orbitax|access-date=19 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119011902/https://orbitax.com/favicon.ico%7Carchive-date=19 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Kuwait News Agency|url=https://www.zawya.com/en/economy/gcc/saudi-arabia-uk-agree-to-strengthen-ties-increase-trade-exchange-to-375bln-by-2030-rx1s61wa%7Cdate=13 December 2023|title=Saudi Arabia, UK agree to strengthen ties, increase trade exchange to $37.5bln by 2030|website=Zawya|access-date=19 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102114907/https://www.zawya.com/en/economy/gcc/saudi-arabia-uk-agree-to-strengthen-ties-increase-trade-exchange-to-375bln-by-2030-rx1s61wa%7Carchive-date=2 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Both countries are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="gulf" />

{{#invoke:flag Singapore}} Template:Date table sorting See Singapore–United Kingdom relations
File:Lawrence Wong Singapore Prime Minister meets United Kingdom Prime Minister Keir Starmer at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Apia, Samoa on 26 October 2024.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Singaporean Prime Minister Lawrence Wong at a Commonwealth summit in Apia, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Singapore on 9 August 1965.<ref name="singapore" />

The UK governed the Singapore from 1819 to 1942 and 1946 to 1963, when Singapore achieved independence within Malaysia.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, CPTPP, the Five Power Defence Arrangements, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Digital Economy Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=15 August 2006|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/singapore-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Singapore: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=28 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205417/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/singapore-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> a Free Trade Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Singapore - United Kingdom BIT (1975)|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2911/singapore---united-kingdom-bit-1975-%7Cwebsite=UN Trade and Development|access-date=28 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716072939/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2911/singapore---united-kingdom-bit-1975-%7Carchive-date=16 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag South Korea}} Template:Date table sorting See South Korea–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends the G7 Summit in Canada (54596636936).jpg
South Korean President Lee Jae-myung with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer at a G7 summit in Kananaskis, June 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with South Korea on 18 January 1949.<ref name="southkorea" />

Both countries share common membership of the G20, the International Criminal Court, the OECD, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=6 October 2006|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/south-korea-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=South Korea: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=26 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716052559/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/south-korea-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=16 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> the Downing Street Accord,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Shin |first=Francis |date=7 December 2023|title=What's Next for the South Korea-UK Relationship? |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/12/whats-next-for-the-south-korea-u-k-relationship/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240404175316/https://thediplomat.com/2023/12/whats-next-for-the-south-korea-u-k-relationship/ |archive-date=4 April 2024|access-date=24 January 2025 |website=The Diplomat}}</ref> and a Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Jung-a|first1=Song|last2=Rovnick|first2=Naomi|last3=Giles|first3=Chris|title=South Korea agrees deal with UK for post-Brexit trade|url=https://www.ft.com/content/4e9e0b5e-8b1f-11e9-a1c1-51bf8f989972%7Cwebsite=Financial Times|location=Seoul; London|date=10 June 2019|access-date=16 March 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611130903/https://www.ft.com/content/4e9e0b5e-8b1f-11e9-a1c1-51bf8f989972%7Carchive-date=11 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The two countries are negotiating a new Free Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last1=Kim|first1=Sam|last2=White|first2=Lucy|date=20 November 2023|title=South Korea's Yoon to Talk AI in UK as Trade Negotiations Begin|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-11-20/south-korea-s-yoon-to-talk-ai-in-uk-as-trade-negotiations-begin#xj4y7vzkg%7Cwebsite=Bloomberg%7Caccess-date=20 November 2023|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120225928/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-11-20/south-korea-s-yoon-to-talk-ai-in-uk-as-trade-negotiations-begin%7Carchive-date=20 November 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Sri Lanka}} Template:Date table sorting See Sri Lanka–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Sri Lanka on 22 October 1946.<ref name="srilanka" />

The UK governed Sri Lanka from 1802 to 1948, until it achieved full independence as Ceylon.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2964/sri-lanka---united-kingdom-bit-1980-%7Ctitle=Sri Lanka - United Kingdom BIT (1980)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=16 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531223506/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2964/sri-lanka---united-kingdom-bit-1980-%7Carchive-date=31 May 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Syria}} Template:Date table sorting See Syria–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy visits Saudi Arabia (54261873821).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani in Riyadh, January 2025.

The UK re-established diplomatic relations with Syria on 5 July 2025.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|last2=Lammy|first2=David|date=5 July 2025|title=UK re-establishes diplomatic relations with Syria in first ministerial visit for 14 years|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-re-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-syria-in-first-ministerial-visit-for-14-years%7Caccess-date=2 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250705154227/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-re-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-syria-in-first-ministerial-visit-for-14-years%7Carchive-date=5 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development"/>

{{#invoke:flag Taiwan}} N/A See Taiwan–United Kingdom relations

The UK has not established formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan; the UK does not recognise Taiwan to be a sovereign nation.

In 1950, the UK switched its recognition from the Republic of China (ROC) to the People's Republic of China (PRC).<ref name="taipei" />

Both countries share common membership of the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Tajikistan}} Template:Date table sorting See Tajikistan–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Cameron visits Tajikistan (53671101690).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Tajikistani Foreign Minister Sirojiddin Muhriddin in Dushanbe, April 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Tajikistan on 15 January 1992.<ref name="tajikistan" />

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the OSCE, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue & Customs|date= 14 January 2016|title=Tajikistan: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tajikistan-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=23 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516090522/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tajikistan-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=16 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Thailand}} Template:Date table sorting See Thailand–United Kingdom relations
File:UK PM Theresa May meets Prime Minister of Thailand.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Thai Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha in 10 Downing Street, June 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Thailand on 18 April 1855.<ref name="thailand" />

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag East Timor}} Template:Date table sorting See Timor-Leste–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy meets president of Timor-Leste José Ramos-Horta (54475577565).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with East Timorese President José Ramos-Horta in London, April 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with East Timor in 2002.<ref name="easttimor"/>Template:Better source needed

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Turkey}} Template:Date table sorting See Turkey–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer visits Türkiye.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Ankara, October 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Turkey on 2 September 1924.<ref name="turkey" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, G20, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Free Trade Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Pitel|first1=Laura|last2=Payne|first2=Sebastian|title=UK and Turkey to sign free trade deal this week|url=https://www.ft.com/content/f7a8a311-c149-4454-92f3-905df1e72e86%7Cwebsite=Financial Times|date=27 December 2020|access-date=26 February 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404174249/https://www.ft.com/content/f7a8a311-c149-4454-92f3-905df1e72e86%7Carchive-date=4 April 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/otheriia/3042/turkey---united-kingdom-bit-1991-%7Ctitle=Turkey - United Kingdom BIT (1991)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=18 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818210912/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/otheriia/3042/turkey---united-kingdom-bit-1991-%7Carchive-date=18 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Turkmenistan}} Template:Date table sorting See Turkmenistan–United Kingdom relations
File:Batyr Bazarov in London for a Trade & Industry Council meeting - 2018 (25963734078).jpg
Turkmenistani Finance Minister Batyr Bazarov at a Trade & Industry Council meeting in London, January 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Turkmenistan on 23 January 1992.<ref name="turkmenistan" />

Both countries share common membership of the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=28 February 1997|title=Turkmenistan: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/turkmenistan-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=4 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205418/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/turkmenistan-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3048/turkmenistan---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Ctitle=Turkmenistan - United Kingdom BIT (1995)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=7 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203231713/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3048/turkmenistan---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Carchive-date=3 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag United Arab Emirates}} Template:Date table sorting See United Arab Emirates–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer visit to the Middle East region (54191613987).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer in Abu Dhabi, December 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Arab Emirates on 6 December 1971.<ref name="uae"/>Template:Failed verification

The UK governed the United Arab Emirates from 1920 to 1971, when the United Arab Emirates achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Accord,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/united-kingdom-united-arab-emirates-joint-communique-a-partnership-for-the-future%7Ctitle=Bilateral Relationship|website=UAE Embassy in the UK|access-date=6 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803045906/https://www.mofa.gov.ae/en/Missions/London/UAE-Relationships/Bilateral-Relationship%7Carchive-date=3 August 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3058/united-arab-emirates---united-kingdom-bit-1992-%7Ctitle=United Arab Emirates - United Kingdom BIT (1992)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=8 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304111337/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3058/united-arab-emirates---united-kingdom-bit-1992-%7Carchive-date=4 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Partnership for the Future.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> Both countries are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="gulf"/>

{{#invoke:flag Uzbekistan}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Uzbekistan relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy meets Uzbek Foreign Minister Bakhtiyor Saidov.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Uzbek Foreign Minister Bakhtiyor Saidov at COP29 in Baku, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Uzbekistan on 18 February 1992.<ref name="uzbekistan" />

Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|access-date=17 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330060305/https://www.uzembassy.uk/page/314%7Carchive-date=30 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the OSCE, and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/GB/United%20Kingdom/UZ/Uzbekistan/64cce468-20e4-4b0b-ab47-e8a93d938867/-Personal-Scope_%5B*%5DARTICLE-1%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Uzbekistan Tax Treaty (as amended by 2018 Protocol)|website=Orbitax|access-date=31 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250131020253/https://www.orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/GB/United%20Kingdom/UZ/Uzbekistan/64cce468-20e4-4b0b-ab47-e8a93d938867/-Personal-Scope_[*]ARTICLE-1|archive-date=31 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Pincher|first=Christopher|date=31 October 2019|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/united-kingdom-and-uzbekistan-sign-partnership-and-cooperation-agreement%7Ctitle=UK and Uzbekistan sign partnership and co-operation agreement|website=GOV.UK|access-date=17 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031150126/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/united-kingdom-and-uzbekistan-sign-partnership-and-cooperation-agreement%7Carchive-date=31 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Vietnam}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Vietnam relations
File:Keir Starmer meets Tô Lâm 29-10-2025.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Vietnamese General Secretary Tô Lâm in 10 Downing Street, October 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Vietnam on 11 September 1973.<ref name="vietnam" />

Both countries share common membership of CPTPP, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|author=Nikkei staff writers|date=30 October 2025|title=UK and Vietnam upgrade strategic partnership, champion free trade|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/politics/international-relations/uk-and-vietnam-upgrade-strategic-partnership-champion-free-trade%7Cwebsite=Nikkei Asia|url-access=subscription|access-date=2 November 2025|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=22 February 2007|title=Vietnam: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/vietnam-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=2 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328113308/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/vietnam-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> a Free Trade Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Nguyen|first=Quynh|title=U.K., Vietnam Reach Free-Trade Deal as Brexit Deadline Looms|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-11/u-k-vietnam-reach-free-trade-deal-as-brexit-deadline-looms?leadSource=uverify%20wall%7Cwebsite=Bloomberg%7Cdate=11 December 2020|access-date=11 June 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514145003/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-11/u-k-vietnam-reach-free-trade-deal-as-brexit-deadline-looms?leadSource=uverify%20wall%7Carchive-date=14 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3066/united-kingdom---viet-nam-bit-2002-%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Viet Nam BIT (2002)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=29 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224070828/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3066/united-kingdom---viet-nam-bit-2002-%7Carchive-date=24 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Yemen}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Yemen relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Cameron meets Prime Minister of Yemen.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Yemeni Prime Minister Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak in London, May 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Yemen on 24 October 1951.<ref name="yemen">{{#invoke:cite|book|title=The Statesman's Year-book |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=1951 |volume=91 |pages=1508}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

The UK governed the Yemen from 1837 to 1967, when it achieved full independence as South Yemen.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3067/united-kingdom---yemen-bit-1982-%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Yemen BIT (1982)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=29 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207165551/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3067/united-kingdom---yemen-bit-1982-%7Carchive-date=7 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

Europe

Country Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Albania}} Template:Date table sorting See Albania–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Albania President Bajram Begaj (54521430145).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Albanian President Bajram Begaj in Tirana, May 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Albania on 9 November 1921.<ref name="albania" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=1 December 2013|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/albania-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Albania: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=9 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093412/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/albania-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/46/albania---united-kingdom-bit-1994-%7Ctitle=Albania - United Kingdom BIT (1994)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=8 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004033311/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/46/albania---united-kingdom-bit-1994-%7Carchive-date=4 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> a Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Morton|first1=Wendy|last2=Jayawardena|first2=Ranil|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-albania-sign-agreement-to-deepen-economic-relationship-and-political-efforts-to-tackle-serious-organised-crime%7Ctitle=UK and Albania sign Agreement to deepen economic relationship and political efforts to tackle serious organised crime|access-date=6 February 2021|date=5 February 2021|website=GOV.UK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118104608/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-albania-sign-agreement-to-deepen-economic-relationship-and-political-efforts-to-tackle-serious-organised-crime%7Carchive-date=18 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Readmission Agreement,<ref name="albania" /> and an Agreement on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons.<ref name="albania" />

{{#invoke:flag Andorra}} Template:Date table sorting See Andorra–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Andorra on 9 March 1994.<ref name="andorra" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=21 February 2025|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/andorra-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Andorra: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=10 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205346/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/andorra-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Austria}} Template:Date table sorting See Austria–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Christian Stocker, Chancellor of Austria.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Austrian Prime Minister Christian Stocker at a Western Balkans Summit in Lancaster House, October 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Austria on 8 November 1919.<ref name="austria" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=1 January 2007|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/austria-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Austria: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=10 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093412/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/austria-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Belarus}} Template:Date table sorting See Belarus–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Belarus on 27 January 1992.<ref name="belarus" />

Both countries share common membership of the OSCE, and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=23 December 2007|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/belarus-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Belarus: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=10 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306092224/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/belarus-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=6 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/456/belarus---united-kingdom-bit-1994-%7Ctitle=Belarus - United Kingdom BIT (1994)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=10 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194051/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/456/belarus---united-kingdom-bit-1994-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Belgium}} Template:Date table sorting See Belgium–United Kingdom relations
File:The Prime Minister welcomes the Prime Minister of Belgium.jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Belgian Prime Minister Alexander De Croo in 10 Downing Street, January 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Belgium on 1 December 1830.<ref name="belgium" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Classified Information Protection Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office|date=10 August 2023|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ukbelgium-agreement-concerning-the-protection-of-classified-information-ts-no282023%7Ctitle=UK/Belgium: Agreement concerning the Protection of Classified Information|website=GOV.UK|access-date=21 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518075038/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ukbelgium-agreement-concerning-the-protection-of-classified-information-ts-no282023%7Carchive-date=18 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=7 April 2007|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/belgium-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Belgium: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=19 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716093409/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/belgium-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=16 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Maritime Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=The Brussels Times with Belga|date=10 August 2023|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/771015/belgium-signs-maritime-cooperation-agreement-with-united-kingdom%7Ctitle=Belgium signs maritime cooperation agreement with United Kingdom|website=The Brussels Times|access-date=21 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221144656/https://www.brusselstimes.com/771015/belgium-signs-maritime-cooperation-agreement-with-united-kingdom%7Carchive-date=21 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bosnia and Herzegovina}} Template:Date table sorting See Bosnia and Herzegovina–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy visits Bosnia & Herzegovina.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Bosnian Foreign Minister Elmedin Konaković in Sarajevo, May 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina on 13 April 1992.<ref name="bosnia" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the OSCE. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date= 25 August 1996|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/bosnia-herzegovina-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Bosnia-Herzegovina: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=23 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171728/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/bosnia-herzegovina-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/634/bosnia-and-herzegovina---united-kingdom-bit-2002-%7Ctitle=Bosnia and Herzegovina - United Kingdom BIT (2002)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923064622/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/634/bosnia-and-herzegovina---united-kingdom-bit-2002-%7Carchive-date=23 September 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha" />

{{#invoke:flag Bulgaria}} Template:Date table sorting See Bulgaria–United Kingdom relations
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Bulgarian Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov at a Western Balkans Summit in Lancaster House, October 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Bulgaria on 23 July 1879.<ref name="bulgaria" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/720/bulgaria---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Ctitle=Bulgaria - United Kingdom BIT (1995)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194555/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/720/bulgaria---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Cleverly|first=James|author-link=James Cleverly|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-bulgaria-to-bolster-cooperation-through-signing-of-new-joint-declaration%7Cdate= 24 October 2023|title=UK and Bulgaria to bolster cooperation through signing of new joint declaration|website=GOV.UK|access-date=30 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024155030/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-bulgaria-to-bolster-cooperation-through-signing-of-new-joint-declaration%7Carchive-date=24 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Croatia}} Template:Date table sorting See Croatia–United Kingdom relations
File:Johnson and PM Plenković at Downing Street.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Croatian President Andrej Plenković in Downing Street, February 2020.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Croatia on 24 June 1992.<ref name="croatia" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Orbitax|date=15 December 2015 |url=https://orbitax.com/news/archive.php/Tax-Treaty-between-Croatia-and-18796%7Ctitle=Tax Treaty between Croatia and the UK has Entered into Force|website=Orbitax|access-date=10 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250110002911/https://orbitax.com/news/archive.php/Tax-Treaty-between-Croatia-and-18796%7Carchive-date=10 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1111/croatia---united-kingdom-bit-1997-%7Ctitle=Croatia - United Kingdom BIT (1997)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=10 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501192722/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1111/croatia---united-kingdom-bit-1997-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Czech Republic}} Template:Date table sorting See Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Czechia PM Petr Fiala.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala at a European Political Community summit in 10 Downing Street, July 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Czech Republic on 26 October 1918.<ref name="czechia"/>

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=29 October 2007|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/czech-republic-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Czech Republic: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=30 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171749/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/czech-republic-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Denmark}} Template:Date table sorting See Denmark–United Kingdom relations
File:Starmer meets Frederiksen at Downing Street 2025-02-04-18-48.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen in 10 Downing Street, February 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Denmark on 25 October 1401.<ref name="denmark" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue & Customs|date=1 March 2011|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/denmark-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Denmark: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=24 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171749/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/denmark-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Voting Participation Agreement.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Estonia}} Template:Date table sorting See Estonia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends the JEF Summit (54210148708).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Estonian Prime Minister Kristen Michal at a JEF summit in Tallinn, December 2024.

The UK re-established diplomatic relations with Estonia on 5 September 1991.<ref name="estonia" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Hankewitz|first=Sten|date=13 October 2023|url=https://estonianworld.com/security/estonia-and-the-uk-sign-a-long-term-defence-cooperation-agreement/%7Ctitle=Estonia and the UK sign a long-term defence cooperation agreement|website=Estonian World|access-date=22 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023094139/https://estonianworld.com/security/estonia-and-the-uk-sign-a-long-term-defence-cooperation-agreement/%7Carchive-date=23 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/ee/estonia/gb/united%20kingdom/3a285b56c5cdbaa77f4952aaf84625d7/-Elimination-of-Double-Taxatio_ARTICLE-23%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Estonia Tax Treaty (1994)|website=Orbitax|access-date=22 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122001013/https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/ee/estonia/gb/united%20kingdom/3a285b56c5cdbaa77f4952aaf84625d7/-Elimination-of-Double-Taxatio_ARTICLE-23%7Carchive-date=22 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag European Union}} N/A See European Union–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission for a bilateral at the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium on 2 October 2024 - 1.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen in Brussels, October 2024.

The UK was a founding member of the European Union on 1 November 1993; it seceded on 1 January 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/31/world/europe/brexit-britain-leaves-EU.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131231006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/31/world/europe/brexit-britain-leaves-EU.html |archive-date=31 January 2020|url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=At the Stroke of Brexit, Britain Steps, Guardedly, Into a New Dawn|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=31 January 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=31 January 2020|last2=Castle|first2=Stephen-US|issn=0362-4331|last3=Mueller|first3=Benjamin}}</ref>

Both the EU and the UK share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the G7, the G20, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Faroe Islands}} N/A See Faroe Islands–United Kingdom relations
File:UK & Denmark-the Faroe Islands EEZ Protocol signature (7112287947).jpg
Foreign Office Minister Lord Howell with Faroese Prime Minister Kaj Leo Johannesen in London, April 2012.

The UK maintains relations with the Faroe Islands through its relations with Denmark.

The UK occupied Faroe Islands from 1940 until 1945, when the Faroe Islands were returned to Denmark.

Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue & Customs|date=3 March 2010|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/faroes-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Faroes: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=17 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328113536/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/faroes-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Free Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=UK and Faroe Islands sign trade continuity agreement|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-faroe-islands-sign-trade-continuity-agreement%7Cauthor1=Department for International Trade|last2=Hollinbery|first2=Sir George|last3=Eustice|first3=George|date=1 February 2019|website=GOV.UK|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201232129/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-faroe-islands-sign-trade-continuity-agreement%7Carchive-date=1 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Finland}} Template:Date table sorting See Finland–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets President Stubb of Finland (54421876531).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Finnish President Alexander Stubb in Downing Street, March 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Finland on 28 March 1919.<ref name="finland" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a mutual defence agreement,<ref name="mda">{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Adler|first=Katya|date=11 May 2022|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61408700%7Ctitle=UK agrees mutual security deals with Finland and Sweden|website=BBC News|access-date=20 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511125045/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61408700%7Carchive-date=11 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> and a strategic partnership agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Mucklejohn|first=Piers|date=20 May 2024|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/david-cameron-finland-russia-ukraine-london-b2547742.html%7Ctitle=UK and Finland to sign new agreement vowing support for Ukraine against Russia|website=The Independent|access-date=20 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130602/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/david-cameron-finland-russia-ukraine-london-b2547742.html%7Carchive-date=20 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag France}} Template:Date table sorting See France–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Emmanuel Macron.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with French President Emmanuel Macron in 10 Downing Street, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with France in 1396.<ref name="france" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the G7, the G20, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force, a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=7 January 2010|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/france-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=France: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=22 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130212928/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/france-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=30 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> the Lancaster House Treaties, and Maritime Boundary Agreements in the Caribbean and the Pacific.

{{#invoke:flag Germany}} Template:Date table sorting See Germany–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Friedrich Merz visit Airbus (54661461238).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with German Chancellor Friedrich Merz in Stevenage, July 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Federal Republic of Germany on 20 June 1951.<ref name="germany" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the G7, the G20, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=25 May 2013|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/germany-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Germany: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=6 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171800/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/germany-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Kensington Treaty.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Ministry of Defence|last2=Healey|first2=John|authorlink1=Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|authorlink2=John Healey|date=22 October 2024|title=Landmark UK-Germany defence agreement to strengthen our security and prosperity|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/landmark-uk-germany-defence-agreement-to-strengthen-our-security-and-prosperity%7Cwebsite=GOV.UK%7Caccess-date=26 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113042359/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/landmark-uk-germany-defence-agreement-to-strengthen-our-security-and-prosperity%7Carchive-date=13 November 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Greece}} Template:Date table sorting See Greece–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis for a meeting in 10 Downing Street in London, United Kingdom on 3 December 2024 - 2.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis in Downing Street, December 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Greece on in 1834.<ref name="greece">{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Hellenic Republic |date=9 December 2020 |title=General Information |url=https://www.mfa.gr/uk/en/greece/greece-and-the-uk/general-information.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226104400/https://www.mfa.gr/uk/en/greece/greece-and-the-uk/general-information.html |archive-date=26 December 2024 |access-date=28 January 2025 |website=Greece in the UK}}</ref>Template:Better source needed

The UK governed the Ionian Islands from 1815 to 1864, when they were ceded to Greece.

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence and Security Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Ministry of Defence|author-link=Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|date=7 February 2023|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-greece-seek-strengthened-defence-partnership%7Ctitle=UK and Greece seek strengthened Defence partnership|website=GOV.UK|access-date=28 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207184449/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-greece-seek-strengthened-defence-partnership%7Carchive-date=7 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/GR/Greece/GB/United-Kingdom%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Greece Tax Treaty (1953)|website=Orbitax|access-date=28 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128175034/https://www.orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/GR/Greece/GB/United-Kingdom%7Carchive-date=28 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Bilateral Framework.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|last2=Docherty|first2=Leo|author2-link=Leo Docherty|date=30 January 2024|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-greece-bolster-trade-and-security-cooperation%7Ctitle=UK and Greece bolster trade and security cooperation|website=GOV.UK|access-date=28 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130163411/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-greece-bolster-trade-and-security-cooperation%7Carchive-date=30 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Holy See}} Template:Date table sorting See Holy See–United Kingdom relations
File:The Prime Minister and Pope Benedict XVI.jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Pope Benedict XVI in 10 Downing Street, September 2010.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Holy See on 16 January 1982.<ref name="holysee"/>

Both countries share common membership of the OSCE.

{{#invoke:flag Hungary}} Template:Date table sorting See Hungary–United Kingdom relations
File:PM Boris Johnson bilateral with Viktor Orbán Hungarian PM.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán in 10 Downing Street, May 2021.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Hungary on 22 May 1921.<ref name="hungary" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=5 March 2012|title=Hungary: tax treaties|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hungary-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=14 May 2025|website=GOV.UK|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171805/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hungary-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Iceland}} Template:Date table sorting See Iceland–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Theresa May welcomed Icelandic Prime Minister, Katrín Jakobsdóttir.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Icelandic Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir in 10 Downing Street, May 2019.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Iceland on 8 May 1940.<ref name="iceland" />

The UK occupied Iceland from 10 May 1940 until July 1941, when the United States assumed responsibility of the country.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1126496.shtml%7Ctitle=Fact File : Britain Garrisons Iceland|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=7 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603230322/https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1126496.shtml%7Carchive-date=3 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Coalition of the Willing, Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, Joint Expeditionary Force, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=12 December 2012|title=Iceland: tax treaties|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/iceland-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=2 March 2025|website=GOV.UK|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093414/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/luxembourg-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="nilfta">Template:Cite press release</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Ireland}} Template:Date table sorting See Ireland–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Irish Taoiseach (53863701738).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Taoiseach Simon Harris in Downing Street, July 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ireland on 6 December 1922.<ref name="ireland" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Ireland from the 12th century until 1800, when it was incorporated into the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland achieved full independence on the 6 December 1922.<ref name="ireland" />

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Common Travel Area, and the Good Friday Agreement. The two countries have a sovereignty dispute over the Rockall Bank.

{{#invoke:flag Italy}} Template:Date table sorting See Italy–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Italian PM Giorgia Meloni (53999654154).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni in Rome, September 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Italy on 13 April 1859.<ref name="italy" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, G7, G20, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Export and Investment Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Smout|first=Alistair|date=8 February 2023|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/britain-italy-sign-export-investment-partnership-2023-02-08/%7Ctitle=Britain and Italy sign export and investment partnership|website=Reuters|location=London|access-date=6 April 2025|archive-date=22 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222043104/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/britain-italy-sign-export-investment-partnership-2023-02-08/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> and a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=6 August 2006|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/italy-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Italy: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=6 April 2025|archive-date=21 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093414/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/italy-tax-treaties%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kosovo}} Template:Date table sorting See Kosovo–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper meets Kosovo Prime Minister.jpg
Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper with Kosovan Prime Minister Albin Kurti in London, October 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Kosovo on 18 February 2008.<ref name="kosovo" />

Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=4 June 2015|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/kosovo-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Kosovo: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=31 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205411/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/kosovo-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> a Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha" />

{{#invoke:flag Latvia}} Template:Date table sorting See Latvia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer greets the Latvian Prime Minister Evika Siliņa.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Latvian Prime Minister Evika Siliņa at a European Political Community summit in Blenheim Palace, July 2024.

The UK re-established diplomatic relations with Latvia on 5 September 1991.<ref name="latvia" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date= 22 February 2007|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/latvia-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Latvia: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=18 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205411/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/latvia-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Liechtenstein}} Template:Date table sorting See Liechtenstein–United Kingdom relations
File:Daniel Risch & Kier Starmer EPC Summit at Blenheim Palace.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Liechtensteiner Prime Minister Daniel Risch at a European Political Community summit in Blenheim Palace, July 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Licehtenstein on 6 February 1992.<ref name="liechtenstein" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=16 January 2013|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/liechtenstein-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Liechtenstein: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=6 September 2025|archive-date=31 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205412/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/liechtenstein-tax-treaties%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> a Free Trade Agreement, a Separation Agreement, a Social Security Coordination Convention, and a Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.llv.li/en/national-administration/office-for-foreign-affairs/topics/european-policy/relationships-with-uk%7Ctitle=Relations with UK|website=National Administration of the Principality of Liechtenstein|access-date=6 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827071848/https://www.llv.li/en/national-administration/office-for-foreign-affairs/topics/european-policy/relationships-with-uk%7Carchive-date=27 August 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Lithuania}} Template:Date table sorting See Lithuania–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Liz Truss attends UNGA (52373033378).jpg
Prime Minister Liz Truss with Lithuanian President Gitanas Nauseda at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2022.

The UK re-established diplomatic relations with Lithuania on 4 September 1991.<ref name="lithuania" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2433/lithuania---united-kingdom-bit-1993-%7Ctitle=Lithuania - United Kingdom BIT (1993)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528224440/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2433/lithuania---united-kingdom-bit-1993-%7Carchive-date=28 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Luxembourg}} Template:Date table sorting See Luxembourg–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer welcomes the Prime Minister of Luxembourg, Luc Frieden.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Luxembourgish Prime Minister Luc Frieden at a European Political Community summit in Blenheim Palace, July 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Luxembourg on 8 June 1891.<ref name="luxembourg"/>Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=27 December 2013|title=Luxembourg: tax treaties|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/luxembourg-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=25 February 2025|website=GOV.UK|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093414/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/luxembourg-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Malta}} Template:Date table sorting See Malta–United Kingdom relations
File:Boris Johnson -President of Malta.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Maltese President George Vella in 10 Downing Street, March 2020.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Malta on 7 September 1964.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Malta from 1800 until 1964, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Bilateral Cooperation Framework,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Scicluna|first=Christopher|date=10 February 2023|title=Britain, Malta sign deal covering defence, migration|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/britain-malta-sign-deal-covering-defence-migration-2023-02-10/%7Clocation=Valletta|website=Reuters|language=en-GB|access-date=6 December 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210133803/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/britain-malta-sign-deal-covering-defence-migration-2023-02-10/%7Carchive-date=10 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=27 December 2013|title=Malta: tax treaties|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/malta-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=26 March 2025|website=GOV.UK|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093414/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/malta-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Moldova}} Template:Date table sorting See Moldova–United Kingdom relations
File:The Foreign Secretary meets with President Maia.jpg
Foreign Secretary James Cleverly with Moldovan President Maia Sandu in Church House, May 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Moldova on 17 January 1992.<ref name="moldova" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the OSCE, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=6 January 2009|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/moldova-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Moldova: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=29 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205414/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/moldova-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|press release|author1=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|author2=Department for International Trade|last3=Morton |first3=Wendy|first4=Ranil|last4=Jayawardena|date=24 December 2020|title=UK and Moldova sign Strategic Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-moldova-sign-strategic-partnership-trade-and-cooperation-agreement |website=GOV.UK|access-date=4 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224141524/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-moldova-sign-strategic-partnership-trade-and-cooperation-agreement%7Carchive-date=24 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Monaco}} Template:Date table sorting See Monaco–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer greets the Minister of State for Monaco Pierre Dartout.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Monégasque State Minister Pierre Dartout at a European Political Community summit in Blenheim Palace, July 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Monaco on 21 September 2007.<ref name="monaco" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the OSCE, and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Tax Information Exchange Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=8 November 2017|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/monaco-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Monaco: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=22 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205414/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/monaco-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Montenegro}} Template:Date table sorting See Montenegro–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Prime Minister Milojko Spajić.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Montenegrin Prime Minister Milojko Spajić at a Western Balkans Summit in Lancaster House, October 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Montenegro on 13 June 2006.<ref name="montenegro" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=1 March 1989|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/montenegro-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Montenegro: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=30 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171857/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/montenegro-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha" />

{{#invoke:flag Netherlands}} Template:Date table sorting See Netherlands–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Dutch PM Dick Schoof.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Dutch Prime Minister Dick Schoof at a NATO summit in The Hague, June 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Netherlands on 1 April 1603.<ref name="DR" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=1 September 2014|title=Netherlands: tax treaties|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/netherlands-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=8 July 2025|website=GOV.UK|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428224828/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/netherlands-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=28 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag North Macedonia}} Template:Date table sorting See North Macedonia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends EPC summit (54523659763).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with North Macedonian Prime Minister Hristijan Mickoski at a European Political Community summit in Tirana, May 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with North Macedonia on 16 December 1993.<ref name="northmacedonia" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Morton|first=Wendy|title=North Macedonia and UK sign Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/north-macedonia-and-uk-sign-partnership-trade-and-cooperation-agreement%7Cdate=3 December 2020|website=GOV.UK|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203131738/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/north-macedonia-and-uk-sign-partnership-trade-and-cooperation-agreement%7Carchive-date=3 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Norway}} Template:Date table sorting See Norway–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer visits Norway (54208108691).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre in Bergen, December 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Norway on 6 November 1905.<ref name="norway" />

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Free Trade Agreement,<ref name="nilfta" /> a Green Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Norway in the United Kingdom|url=https://www.norway.no/en/uk/news-events/green-partnership/%7Cdate=20 October 2023|title=Norway enters into green partnership with the UK|website=Norway in the United Kingdom|access-date=14 December 2024|archive-date=1 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901174047/https://www.norway.no/en/uk/news-events/green-partnership/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street|last2=Starmer|first2=Keir|date=16 December 2024|title=PM meeting with Prime Minister Støre of Norway: 16 December 2024|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-meeting-with-prime-minister-store-of-norway-16-december-2024%7Caccess-date=16 December 2024|website=GOV.UK|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216151024/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-meeting-with-prime-minister-store-of-norway-16-december-2024%7Carchive-date=16 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Poland}} Template:Date table sorting See Poland–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime minister Keir Starmer meets Poland PM Donald Tusk (54272245015).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk in Warsaw, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Poland on 15 July 1919.<ref name="poland" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, Trilateral Security Pact, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence and Security Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street|last2=Starmer|first2=Keir|date=17 January 2025|title=UK and Poland to launch new defence and security treaty in Warsaw|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-poland-to-launch-new-defence-and-security-treaty-in-warsaw%7Caccess-date=17 January 2025|website=GOV.UK|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117113514/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-poland-to-launch-new-defence-and-security-treaty-in-warsaw%7Carchive-date=17 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Tax Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=29 December 2006|title=Poland: tax treaties|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/poland-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=21 February 2025|website=GOV.UK|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130213008/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/poland-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=30 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Poland MFA Press Office|date=5 July 2023|title=Poland-UK strategic partnership|url=https://www.gov.pl/web/unitedkingdom/poland-uk-strategic-partnership%7Caccess-date=21 February 2025|website=gov.pl|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706222930/https://www.gov.pl/web/unitedkingdom/poland-uk-strategic-partnership%7Carchive-date=6 July 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Portugal}} Template:Date table sorting See Portugal–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson meets Portugal PM António Costa.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Portuguese Prime Minister António Costa in 10 Downing Street, June 2022.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Portugal on 9 May 1386.<ref name="portugal">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Irrelevant citation

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, and a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=8 April 2013|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/portugal-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Portugal: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=15 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205416/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/portugal-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Romania}} Template:Date table sorting See Romania–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Romanian PM Marcel Ciolacu (54136604307).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Romanian Prime Minister Marcel Ciolacu in 10 Downing Street, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Romania on 20 February 1880.<ref name="romania" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Lynch|first=David|date=13 November 2024|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/keir-starmer-romania-john-healey-ukraine-downing-street-b2646527.html%7Ctitle=UK and Romania sign defence treaty aimed at strengthening support for Ukraine|website=The Independent|access-date=28 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113165839/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/keir-starmer-romania-john-healey-ukraine-downing-street-b2646527.html%7Carchive-date=13 November 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date= 30 December 2013|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/romania-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Romania: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=28 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171918/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/romania-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Russia}} main|1553}} See Russia–United Kingdom relations
File:Vladimir Putin and Theresa May (2016-09-04) 03.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Hangzhou, September 2016.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Russia on 24 August 1553.<ref name="RE" />

In March 2022, the United Kingdom was added to Russia's unfriendly countries list.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/8/russia-deals-with-unfriendly-countries-require-moscow-approval%7Cdate=8 March 2022|title=Russia issues list of 'unfriendly' countries amid Ukraine crisis|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=20 May 2024|archive-date=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308075007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/8/russia-deals-with-unfriendly-countries-require-moscow-approval%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the European Court of Human Rights, G20, the OSCE, the UNSC P5 and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2861/russian-federation---united-kingdom-bit-1989-%7Ctitle=Russian Federation - United Kingdom BIT (1989)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=2 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227032932/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2861/russian-federation---united-kingdom-bit-1989-%7Carchive-date=27 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag San Marino}} Template:Date table sorting See San Marino–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with San Marino on 18 November 1998.<ref name="sanmarino" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention, and a Tax Information Exchange Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=6 October 2021|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/san-marino-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=San Marino: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=19 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205416/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/san-marino-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Serbia}} Template:Date table sorting See Serbia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Đuro Macut, Prime Minister of Serbia.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Serbian Prime Minister Đuro Macut at a Western Balkans Summit in Lancaster House, October 2025.

The UK established full diplomatic relations with Serbia on 7 February 1870.<ref name="serbia"/>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, OSCE and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=2 March 2014|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/serbia-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Serbia: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=9 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171925/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/serbia-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2899/serbia---united-kingdom-bit-2002-%7Ctitle=Serbia - United Kingdom BIT (2002)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927060833/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2899/serbia---united-kingdom-bit-2002-%7Carchive-date=27 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Department for International Trade|last2=Morton|first2=Wendy|last3=Stuart|first3=Graham|date=19 April 2021|title=Serbia: UK and Serbia sign Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/serbia-uk-and-serbia-sign-partnership-trade-and-cooperation-agreement%7Cwebsite=GOV.UK%7Caccess-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404174309/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/serbia-uk-and-serbia-sign-partnership-trade-and-cooperation-agreement%7Carchive-date=4 April 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha" />

{{#invoke:flag Slovakia}} Template:Date table sorting See Slovakia–United Kingdom relations
File:PM Boris Johnson host the V4 Leaders Summit at Lancaster House.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Slovak Prime Minister Eduard Heger in Lancaster House, March 2022.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Slovakia on 1 January 1993.<ref name="slovakia" />

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=2 February 2012|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/slovak-republic-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Slovak Republic: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=19 February 2025|archive-date=30 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130213014/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/slovak-republic-tax-treaties%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Slovenia}} Template:Date table sorting See Slovenia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson bilateral with PM Janez Jansa (51536110528).jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Slovenian Prime Minister Janez Jansa in 10 Downing Street, September 2021.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Slovenia on 15 January 1992.<ref name="slovenia" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=26 September 2008|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/slovenia-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Slovenia: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=26 February 2025|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011195736/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/slovenia-tax-treaties%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/otheriia/2937/slovenia---united-kingdom-bit-1996-%7Ctitle=Slovenia - United Kingdom BIT (1996)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=10 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620021522/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/otheriia/2937/slovenia---united-kingdom-bit-1996-%7Carchive-date=20 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Sovereign Military Order of Malta}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

The UK established official relations with Sovereign Military Order of Malta on 9 October 2024.<ref name="sovereignorder" />

  • The Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintains the Grand Priory of England in London.<ref name="sovereignorder" />
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta through a mission.
{{#invoke:flag Spain}} Template:Date table sorting See Spain–United Kingdom relations
File:Pedro Sánchez y Keir Starmer, en el número 10 de Downing Street 20250903 (6).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez in 10 Downing Street, September 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Spain in 1505.<ref name="spain" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=24 May 2006|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/spain-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Spain: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=14 March 2025|archive-date=6 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306092722/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/spain-tax-treaties%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Sweden}} Template:Date table sorting See Sweden–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends JEF Summit in Estonia.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson at a JEF summit in Tallinn, December 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Sweden on 23 December 1653.<ref name="DR" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date= 17 December 2013|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sweden-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Sweden: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=18 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171939/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sweden-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> a Mutual Defence Agreement,<ref name="mda" /> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Prime Minister's Office|date=13 October 2023|url=https://www.government.se/articles/2023/10/strengthened-partnership-between-united-kingdom-and-sweden/%7Ctitle=Strengthened partnership between United Kingdom and Sweden|website=Government Offices of Sweden|access-date=18 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106180320/https://www.government.se/articles/2023/10/strengthened-partnership-between-united-kingdom-and-sweden/%7Carchive-date=6 November 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Switzerland}} Template:Date table sorting See Switzerland–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer greets the Swiss President Viola Amherd.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Swiss President Viola Amherd at a European Political Community summit in Blenheim Palace, July 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Switzerland in 1891.<ref name="switzerland" />Template:Better source needed

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have the Berne Financial Services Agreement,<ref name="switzerland" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=9 February 2011|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/switzerland-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Switzerland: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=24 February 2025|archive-date=23 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723170940/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/switzerland-tax-treaties%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> and a Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Pickard|first=Jim|title=UK signs biggest trade deal since Brexit vote with Switzerland|url=https://www.ft.com/content/2341f6e8-2dd5-11e9-ba00-0251022932c8%7Cdate=11 February 2019|website=Financial Times|access-date=16 March 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212054904/https://www.ft.com/content/2341f6e8-2dd5-11e9-ba00-0251022932c8%7Carchive-date=12 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The two countries are currently negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last1=Milligan|first1=Ellen|last2=Benrath|first2=Bastian|title=UK Kicks Off Trade Talks With Switzerland to Boost Services|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-14/uk-s-kemi-badenoch-flies-to-switzerland-to-start-negotiations-for-new-trade-deal%7Cwebsite=Bloomberg%7Cdate=14 May 2023 |access-date=17 March 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515011238/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-14/uk-s-kemi-badenoch-flies-to-switzerland-to-start-negotiations-for-new-trade-deal%7Carchive-date=15 May 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Ukraine}} Template:Date table sorting See Ukraine–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer visits Ukraine (54272036602).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ukraine on 10 January 1992.<ref name="ukraine" />

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the OSCE, a Trilateral Security Pact, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author-link=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office |author=((Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office)) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries%7Ctitle=Country and regional development partnership summaries|website=GOV.UK|date=17 July 2023 |access-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526234739/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries%7Carchive-date=26 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Digital Trade Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|author=BBC News|date=30 November 2022|title=UK strikes digital trade deal with Ukraine|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-63815356%7Cwebsite=BBC News|access-date=1 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730133736/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-ukraine-digital-trade-agreement#full-publication-update-history%7Carchive-date=30 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Tax Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=14 February 2007|title=Ukraine: tax treaties|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ukraine-tax-treaties%7Caccess-date=23 July 2025|website=GOV.UK|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171953/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ukraine-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> a Security Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Miller|first1=Christopher|last2=Fisher|first2=Lucy|url=https://www.ft.com/content/8d55de91-8afc-4720-90f4-d38a78ae6648%7Ctitle=Rishi Sunak announces UK military aid to Ukraine will increase to £2.5bn|date=12 January 2024|website=Financial Times|access-date=9 May 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112105533/https://www.ft.com/content/8d55de91-8afc-4720-90f4-d38a78ae6648%7Carchive-date=12 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Political, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Johnson|first1=Boris|last2=Truss|first2=Elizabeth|title= UK and Ukraine sign Political, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership Agreement |url= https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-ukraine-sign-political-free-trade-and-strategic-partnership-agreement |website=GOV.UK|date=8 October 2020|access-date=3 January 2024|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008142110/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-ukraine-sign-political-free-trade-and-strategic-partnership-agreement%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

North America

Country Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Antigua and Barbuda}} Template:Date table sorting See Antigua and Barbuda–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Antigua and Barbuda on 1 November 1981.<ref name="DS" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed Antigua and Barbuda from 1632 to 1981, when Antigua and Barbuda achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM">{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Partington|first=Richard|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/22/uk-secures-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-group-of-caribbean-countries%7Cwebsite=The Guardian|title=UK secures post-Brexit trade deal with group of Caribbean countries|date=22 March 2019|access-date=11 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829163029/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/22/uk-secures-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-group-of-caribbean-countries%7Carchive-date=29 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag The Bahamas}} Template:Date table sorting See The Bahamas–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Bahamas on 10 July 1973.<ref name="bahamas" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed the Bahamas from 1648 to 1973, when the Bahamas achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Tax Information Exchange Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.bahamashclondon.net/the-bahamas-signs-tax-information-exchange-agreement-with-the-united-kingdom/%7Ctitle=The Bahamas Signs Tax Information Exchange Agreement with the United Kingdom|website=The Bahamas High Commission London|access-date=25 January 2025|archive-date=25 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125232103/https://www.bahamashclondon.net/the-bahamas-signs-tax-information-exchange-agreement-with-the-united-kingdom/%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Barbados}} Template:Date table sorting See Barbados–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends UNGA Day 2 (54023864383).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Barbadian Prime Minister Mia Mottley at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Barbados on 30 November 1966.<ref name="barbados" />

The UK governed Barbados from 1625 to 1966, when Barbados achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/402/barbados---united-kingdom-bit-1993-%7Ctitle=Barbados - United Kingdom BIT (1993)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=1 August 2024|archive-date=4 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604015226/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/402/barbados---united-kingdom-bit-1993-%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Belize}} Template:Date table sorting See Belize–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary William Hague with Belizean Prime Minister, Dean Barrow in London, 27 June 2013.jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Belizean Prime Minister Dean Barrow in London, June 2013.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Belize on 21 September 1981.<ref name="belize" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed Belize from 1783 to 1981, when Belize achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Miller|first1=Phil|last2=Kennard|first2=Matt|date=4 February 2020|url=https://www.declassifieduk.org/exclusive-britain-uses-vast-swathes-of-one-of-the-worlds-most-biodiverse-countries-for-military-training-and-pays-nothing/%7Ctitle=Exclusive: Britain uses vast swashes of one the world's most biodiverse countries for military training — and pays nothing|website=Declassified UK|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224062656/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/561/belize---united-kingdom-bit-1982-%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/561/belize---united-kingdom-bit-1982-%7Ctitle=Belize - United Kingdom BIT (1982)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224062656/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/561/belize---united-kingdom-bit-1982-%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Canada}} Template:Date table sorting See Canada–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Canada's Mark Carney - September 26 2025 (05).jpg
Prime minister Keir Starmer with Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney in Westminster City Hall, September 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Canada on 1 July 1926.<ref name="canada" />Template:Failed verification Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed Canada from 1783 to 1931, when Canada achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Coalition of the Willing, the Commonwealth, CPTPP, Five Eyes, the G7, the G20, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the UKUSA Agreement, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/canada-tax-treaties%7Cdate=25 January 2015|title=Canada: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=14 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171734/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/canada-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Trade Continuity Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Cameron-Chileshe|first=Jasmine|website=Financial Times|location=London|title=UK and Canada seal rollover trade deal|url=https://www.ft.com/content/45d3f14f-3f1f-4155-b217-c6145bb88754%7Cdate=21 November 2020|url-access=subscription|access-date=26 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121175120/https://www.ft.com/content/45d3f14f-3f1f-4155-b217-c6145bb88754%7Carchive-date=21 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag state}} 1848 See Costa Rica–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Costa Rica on 28 February 1848.<ref name="costarica" />

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the OECD, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–UK Association Agreement.<ref name="CAFTA">{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Foreign and Commonwealth Office|title=UK and Central America sign continuity agreement|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-central-america-sign-continuity-agreement%7Cdate=18 July 2019|website=GOV.UK|access-date=24 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718222318/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-central-america-sign-continuity-agreement%7Carchive-date=18 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1056/costa-rica---united-kingdom-bit-1982-%7Ctitle=Costa Rica - United Kingdom BIT (1982)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=25 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501192805/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1056/costa-rica---united-kingdom-bit-1982-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Cuba}} Template:Date table sorting See Cuba–United Kingdom relations
File:Cuban Ambassador to the United Kingdom (8241540248).jpg
Foreign Office Minister Hugo Swire with Cuban Ambassador to the UK Esther Gloria Armenteros Cárdenas in London, December 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Cuba on 20 May 1902.<ref name="cuba"/>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1154/cuba---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Ctitle=Cuba - United Kingdom BIT (1995)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=3 June 2024|archive-date=20 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220225738/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1154/cuba---united-kingdom-bit-1995-%7Curl-status=live}}</ref> and a Political Dialogue and Co-operation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Rutley|first=David|author-link=David Rutley|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-minister-visits-cuba-to-agree-new-cooperation-agreement%7Ctitle=UK Minister visits Cuba to agree new cooperation agreement|date=21 November 2023|website=GOV.UK|access-date=3 April 2024|archive-date=21 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121204344/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-minister-visits-cuba-to-agree-new-cooperation-agreement%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Dominica}} Template:Date table sorting See Dominica–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary James Cleverly greets Charles Angelo Savarin, President of Dominica.jpg
Foreign Secretary James Cleverly with Dominican President Charles Savarin in Lancaster House, May 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Dominica on 13 December 1978.<ref name="dominica" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Dominica from 1763 to 1978, when Dominica achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Tax Information Exchange Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=6 October 2021|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dominica-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Dominica: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=3 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827095514/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dominica-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=27 August 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1304/dominica---united-kingdom-bit-1987-%7Ctitle=Dominica - United Kingdom BIT (1987)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=13 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501191029/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1304/dominica---united-kingdom-bit-1987-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Dominican Republic}} 1850 See Dominican Republic–United Kingdom relations
File:David Rutley and Luis Abinader President of the Dominican Republic at the Small Island Developing States Coronation Event.jpg
Foreign Office Minister David Rutley with Dominican Republic President Luis Abinader in London, May 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Domican Republic on 6 March 1850.<ref name="dominicanrepublic" />

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac"/> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Maritime Boundary Agreement.

{{#invoke:flag El Salvador}} 1883 See El Salvador–United Kingdom relations
File:Entrega de Credenciales de Gran Bretania y República Dominicana 2.jpg
British Ambassodor to El Salvador Bernhard Garside with Salvadoran President Salvador Sánchez Cerén in San Salvador, March 2015.

The UK established diplomatic relations with El Salvador in 1883.<ref name="elsalvador" />Template:Better source needed

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–UK Association Agreement.<ref name="CAFTA" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1439/el-salvador---united-kingdom-bit-1999-%7Ctitle=El Salvador - United Kingdom BIT (1999)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=13 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194537/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1439/el-salvador---united-kingdom-bit-1999-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Greenland}} N/A See Greenland–United Kingdom relations

The UK maintains relations with Greenland through its relations with Denmark.

Bilaterally the two countries are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Grenada}} Template:Date table sorting See Grenada–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations Grenada on 7 February 1974.<ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed Grenada from 1762 until 1974, when Grenada achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM">{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Partington|first=Richard|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/22/uk-secures-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-group-of-caribbean-countries%7Cwebsite=The Guardian|title=UK secures post-Brexit trade deal with group of Caribbean countries|date=22 March 2019|access-date=11 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829163029/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/22/uk-secures-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-group-of-caribbean-countries%7Carchive-date=29 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Guatemala}} 1837 See Guatemala–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Minister of Guatemala.jpg
Foreign Office Minister Hugo Swire with Guatemalan Foreign Minister Carlos Raúl Morales in London, November 2014.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Guatemala on 12 July 1837.<ref name="guatemala" />

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–UK Association Agreement.<ref name="CAFTA" />

{{#invoke:flag Haiti}} 1859 See Haiti–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Haiti on 13 May 1859.<ref name="haiti">{{#invoke:cite|book|last=Francis W H Cavendish and Edward Hertslet |url=https://archive.org/details/foreign-office-list-1863-july/page/46/mode/1up?q=Foreign+Office+List |title=The Foreign Office List forming a complete British Diplomatic and Consular Handbook 1863 July. 23rd Publication | date=July 1863 |publisher=1863-07 |pages=46 |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1855/haiti---united-kingdom-bit-1985-%7Ctitle=Haiti - United Kingdom BIT (1985)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811043818/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1855/haiti---united-kingdom-bit-1985-%7Carchive-date=11 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Honduras}} 1849 See Honduras–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Honduras on 16 June 1849.<ref name="honduras" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed the Mosquito Coast from 1638 to 1787 and 1816 to 1819.

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–UK Association Agreement.<ref name="CAFTA" />

{{#invoke:flag Jamaica}} Template:Date table sorting See Jamaica–United Kingdom relations
File:PM meets Jamaican Prime Minister Andrew Holness.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Jamaican Prime Minister Andrew Holness in 10 Downing Street, April 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Jamaica on 2 August 1962.<ref name="jamaica" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed Jamaica from 1655 to 1962, when Jamaica achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2147/jamaica---united-kingdom-bit-1987-%7Ctitle=Jamaica - United Kingdom BIT (1987)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=12 August 2024|archive-date=30 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530143950/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2147/jamaica---united-kingdom-bit-1987-%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Mexico}} Template:Date table sorting See Mexico–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper meets with Mexico’s Foreign Minister Juan Ramón de la Fuente.jpg
Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper with Mexican Foreign Secretary Juan Ramón de la Fuente in Toronto, November 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Mexico on 26 December 1826.<ref name="mexico" />

Both countries share common membership of CPTPP, the G20, the International Criminal Court, the OECD, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mexico-tax-treaties%7Cdate=7 June 2011|title=Mexico: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=22 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171851/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mexico-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2545/mexico---united-kingdom-bit-2006-%7Ctitle=Mexico - United Kingdom BIT (2006)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=30 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811044653/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2545/mexico---united-kingdom-bit-2006-%7Carchive-date=11 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Trade Continuity Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=James|first=William|title=Britain and Mexico agree deal on post-Brexit trade|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/britain-mexico-trade/britain-and-mexico-agree-deal-on-post-brexit-trade-idUKL1N2IV13M%7Cwebsite=Reuters%7Cdate=15 December 2020|access-date=30 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823122202/https://www.reuters.com/article/britain-mexico-trade/britain-and-mexico-agree-deal-on-post-brexit-trade-idUKL1N2IV13M/%7Carchive-date=23 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally the two countries are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Smout|first=Alistair|date=20 May 2022|title=Britain launches free trade deal talks with Mexico|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/britain-launches-free-trade-deal-talks-with-mexico-2022-05-20/%7Cwebsite=Reuters%7Caccess-date=16 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520154051/https://www.reuters.com/world/britain-launches-free-trade-deal-talks-with-mexico-2022-05-20/%7Carchive-date=20 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Nicaragua}} Template:Date table sorting See Nicaragua–United Kingdom relations
File:Nicaraguan Foreign Minister (11069197143).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Nicaraguan Foreign Minister Samuel Santos López in London, November 2013.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Nicaragua on 18 January 1859.<ref name="nicaragua" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed the Mosquito Coast from 1638 to 1787 and 1816 to 1819.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–UK Association Agreement. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2678/nicaragua---united-kingdom-bit-1996-%7Ctitle=Nicaragua - United Kingdom BIT (1996)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=4 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501192426/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2678/nicaragua---united-kingdom-bit-1996- |archive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Panama}} Template:Date table sorting See Panama–United Kingdom relations
File:PM bilat with Panama President.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Panamanian President Juan Carlos Varela in 10 Downing Street, May 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Panama on 9 April 1908.<ref name="panama" />

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–United Kingdom Association Agreement.<ref name="CAFTA" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=17 December 2013|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/panama-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Panama: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=17 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205415/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/panama-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2738/panama---united-kingdom-bit-1983-%7Ctitle=Panama - United Kingdom BIT (1983)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=13 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227034140/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2738/panama---united-kingdom-bit-1983-%7Carchive-date=27 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Puerto Rico}} N/A See Foreign and intergovernmental relations of Puerto Rico

The UK maintains relations with Puerto Rico through its relations with the United States.

{{#invoke:flag Saint Kitts and Nevis}} main|1983}} See Saint Kitts and Nevis–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Saint Kitts and Nevis on 19 September 1983.<ref name="stkitts" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed Saint Kitts and Nevis from the 17th century to 1983, when Saint Kitts and Nevis achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" />

{{#invoke:flag Saint Lucia}} Template:Date table sorting See Saint Lucia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (5666300185).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Saint Lucian Prime Minister Stephenson King in Lancaster House, April 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Saint Lucia in 1979.<ref name="saintlucia" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed Saint Lucia from 1803 to 1979, when Saint Lucia achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2871/saint-lucia---united-kingdom-bit-1983-%7Ctitle=Saint Lucia - United Kingdom BIT (1983)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=26 October 2025|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501192245/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2871/saint-lucia---united-kingdom-bit-1983-%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} Template:Date table sorting See Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy meets PM Gonsalves.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Vincentian Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves in London, December 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Saint Vincent and the Grenadines on 27 October 1979.<ref name="stvincent" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as part of the Windward Islands colony from 1833 to 1979, when Saint Vincent and the Grenadines achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" />

{{#invoke:flag Trinidad and Tobago}} Template:Date table sorting See Trinidad and Tobago–United Kingdom relations
File:Prince Charles official visit to Trinidad and Tobago (2330914143).jpg
Prince Charles in Trinidad and Tobago, March 2008.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Trinidad and Tobago on 31 August 1962.<ref name="trinidadandtobago"/>

The UK governed Trinidad and Tobago from 1797 to 1962, when Trinidad and Tobago achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/trinidad-and-tobago-tax-treaties%7Cdate=2 January 2014|title=Trinidad and Tobago: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=10 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171948/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/trinidad-and-tobago-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag United States}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–United States relations
File:President Donald Trump poses for a portrait with Prime Minister Keir Starmer at Chequers in Buckinghamshire, England (54805378029).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with US President Donald Trump in Chequers, September 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United States on 1 June 1785.<ref name="usa" /> UK–US diplomatic relations is commonly described as the "Special Relationship".

The UK governed the United States from 1585 to 1783, when the United States achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac">{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Politi|first=James|date=19 September 2023|title=US unveils Atlantic co-operation pact|website=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/56706df4-f39b-4ab5-8acf-b252176d172d%7Caccess-date=19 January 2024|location=Washington, D.C.|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119085952/https://www.ft.com/content/56706df4-f39b-4ab5-8acf-b252176d172d%7Carchive-date=19 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> AUKUS, Five Eyes, the G7, the G20, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the UKUSA Agreement, the UNSC P5, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilateral the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/usa-tax-treaties%7Cdate=1 July 2005|title=USA: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=10 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250623105502/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/usa-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=23 June 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Economic Prosperity Deal,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/us-uk-economic-prosperity-deal-epd%7Cdate=8 May 2025|title=UK-US Economic Prosperity Deal (EPD)|website=GOV.UK|access-date=10 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628134053/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/us-uk-economic-prosperity-deal-epd%7Carchive-date=28 June 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Mutual Defence Agreement.

Oceania

Country Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Australia}} Template:Date table sorting See Australia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends CHOGM Summit in Samoa -Day 2 (54091709068).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese at a Commonwealth summit in Apia, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Australia in March 1936.<ref name="OY" />Template:Failed verification Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed Australia from the late 18th century until 1942, when Australia achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of AUKUS, the Coalition of the Willing, the Commonwealth, CPTPP, Five Eyes, the Five Power Defence Arrangements, the G20, the International Criminal Court, OECD, the UKUSA Agreement, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Climate and Energy Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Coates|first=Jessica|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/anthony-albanese-keir-starmer-australia-samoa-climate-crisis-b2635403.html%7Ctitle=Australia and UK announce new deal to tackle climate crisis at Samoa|date=25 October 2024|website=The Independent|access-date=26 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111171846/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/anthony-albanese-keir-starmer-australia-samoa-climate-crisis-b2635403.html%7Carchive-date=11 November 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Defence Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Fildes|first1=Nic|last2=Pfeifer|first2=Sylvia|title=Australia and Britain sign defence pact in face of rising Chinese power|date=21 March 2024|url=https://www.ft.com/content/5ed52635-ea20-41f7-91c8-038fc6fedb41%7Cwork=Financial Times|url-access=subscription|access-date=21 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321113611/https://www.ft.com/content/5ed52635-ea20-41f7-91c8-038fc6fedb41%7Carchive-date=21 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/GB/United-Kingdom/ZW/Zimbabwe%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Australia Tax Treaty (2003)|website=Orbitax|access-date=13 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113002008/https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/AU/Australia/GB/United-Kingdom%7Carchive-date=13 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> a Free Trade Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Nelson|first=Eshe|date=15 June 2021|title=Britain Signs Its First Major Post-Brexit Trade Deal With Australia|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/15/business/britain-australia-trade-deal.html%7Curl-access=subscription%7Cwebsite=The New York Times|location=London|access-date=26 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615112316/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/15/business/britain-australia-trade-deal.html%7Carchive-date=15 June 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha">{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Department of Health and Social Care|title=UK reciprocal healthcare agreements with non-EU countries|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-reciprocal-healthcare-agreements-with-non-eu-countries%7Caccess-date=24 June 2024|website=GOV.UK|date=27 March 2024 |archive-date=13 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613092749/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-reciprocal-healthcare-agreements-with-non-eu-countries#new-zealand%7Curl-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Cook Islands}} N/A See Cook Islands–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary James Cleverly attends UNGA Day 2 (53198943014).jpg
Foreign Secretary James Cleverly with Cook Islander Prime Minister Mark Brown at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2023.

The UK has not established diplomatic relations with the Cook Islands; the UK does not recognise the Cook Islands to be a sovereign nation.

  • The Cook Islands does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to the Cook Islands through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Wellington, New Zealand.<ref name="wellington" />

The UK governed the Cook Islands from 1888 until 1901, when the Cook Islands were transferred to New Zealand.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=BBC News|date=9 January 2018|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16495600%7Ctitle=Cook Islands Profile|website=BBC News|access-date=3 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423225551/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16495600%7Carchive-date=23 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the World Health Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Federated States of Micronesia}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Federated States of Micronesia

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Federated States of Micronesia on 31 August 1992.<ref name="fsmicronesia"/>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Health Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Fiji}} Template:Date table sorting See Fiji–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Cameron meets the Prime Minister of Fiji, Hon. Sitiveni Rabuka (53712702090).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Fijian Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka in London, May 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Fiji on 10 October 1970.<ref name="fiji" />

The UK governed Fiji from 1874 until 1970, when Fiji achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="pacific">{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Partington|first=Richard|date=14 March 2019|title=UK signs post-Brexit trade deal with Fiji and Papua New Guinea|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/14/uk-signs-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-fiji-and-papua-new-guinea%7Cwebsite=The Guardian|access-date=6 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315041527/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/14/uk-signs-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-fiji-and-papua-new-guinea%7Carchive-date=15 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date= 19 October 2008|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-suva%7Ctitle=Fiji: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=4 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328113608/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fiji-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kiribati}} Template:Date table sorting See Kiribati–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Kiribati on 12 July 1979.<ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Kiribati from 1892 until 1979, when Kiribati achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/KI/Kiribati/GB/United-Kingdom%7Ctitle=Kiribati - United Kingdom Tax Treaty (as amended through 1974 Arrangement)|access-date=21 January 2025|website=Orbitax|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121163927/https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/KI/Kiribati/GB/United-Kingdom%7Carchive-date=21 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Marshall Islands}} Template:Date table sorting See Marshall Islands–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Marshall Islands on 2 February 1992.<ref name="marshallislands" />

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Tax Information Exchange Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue & Customs|author-link=HM Revenue and Customs|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/marshall-islands-tax-treaties/uk-marshall-islands-tax-information-exchange-agreement-exchange-of-information-in-force%7Ctitle=UK-Marshall Islands Tax Information Exchange Agreement: exchange of information - in force|date=8 November 2017|access-date=30 January 2025|website=GOV.UK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130160527/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/marshall-islands-tax-treaties/uk-marshall-islands-tax-information-exchange-agreement-exchange-of-information-in-force%7Carchive-date=30 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Nauru}} Template:Date table sorting See Nauru–United Kingdom relations
File:Zac Goldsmith meets with HE Russ Joseph Kun President of the Republic of Nauru.jpg
British Pacific Minister Zac Goldsmith with Nauruan President Russ Kun in London, May 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Nauru on 1 December 1977.<ref name="DS"/>Template:Failed verification

The UK officially governed Nauru jointly with Australia and New Zealand from 1914 until 1968, when Nauru achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Health Organization.

{{#invoke:flag New Zealand}} Template:Date table sorting See New Zealand–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends CHOGM Summit in Samoa (54089666216).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon at a Commonwealth summit in Apia, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with New Zealand in March 1939.<ref name="OY" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed New Zealand from 1840 until 1947, when New Zealand achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Coalition of the Willing, the Commonwealth, CPTPP, Five Eyes, the Five Power Defence Arrangements, the International Criminal Court, OECD, the UKUSA Agreement, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have Free Trade Agreement, and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha" />

{{#invoke:flag Niue}} N/A See Niue–United Kingdom relations

The UK has not established diplomatic relations with Niue; the UK does not recognise Niue to be a sovereign nation.

  • Niue does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Niue through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Wellington, New Zealand.<ref name="wellington" />

The UK governed Niue from 1900 until 1901, when Niue was transferred to New Zealand.

Both countries share common membership of the World Health Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Palau}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Palau

The UK established diplomatic relations with Palau on 16 August 1996.<ref name="palau"/>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Health Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Papua New Guinea}} Template:Date table sorting See Papua New Guinea–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary James Cleverly visits Papua New Guinea (52829685765).jpg
Foreign Secretary James Cleverly with Papua New Guinean Prime Minister James Marape in Port Moresby, April 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Papua New Guinea on 16 September 1975.<ref name="png"/> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed Papua New Guinea from 1884 until 1906, when the territory was transferred to Australia.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="pacific"/> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=22 February 2007|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/papua-new-guinea-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Papua New Guinea: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=15 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428224410/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/papua-new-guinea-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=28 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Papua New Guinea - United Kingdom BIT (1981)|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2741/papua-new-guinea---united-kingdom-bit-1981-%7Cwebsite=UN Trade and Development|access-date=15 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194839/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2741/papua-new-guinea---united-kingdom-bit-1981-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Security Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Otu|first=Aizowe|date=20 April 2023|url=https://www.ict.gov.pg/18718/%7Ctitle=PNG signs Security Agreement with United Kingdom|website=Department of Information and Communications Technology|access-date=15 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711035526/https://www.ict.gov.pg/18718/%7Carchive-date=11 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Samoa}} Template:Date table sorting See Samoa–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends CHOGM Summit in Samoa -Day 2 (54091506729).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Samoan Prime Minister Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa at a Commonwealth summit in Apia, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Samoa in September 1970.<ref name="samoa"/>

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="pacific">{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Partington|first=Richard|date=14 March 2019|title=UK signs post-Brexit trade deal with Fiji and Papua New Guinea|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/14/uk-signs-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-fiji-and-papua-new-guinea%7Cwebsite=The Guardian|access-date=6 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315041527/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/14/uk-signs-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-fiji-and-papua-new-guinea%7Carchive-date=15 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Solomon Islands}} Template:Date table sorting See Solomon Islands–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Solomon Islands on 7 July 1978.<ref name="solomonislands" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed the Solomon Islands from 1893 until 1978, when the Solomon Islands achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Solomon Islands Government|date=5 January 2021|title=Solomon Islands Accession onto the UK-Pacific interim Economic Partnership Agreement|url=http://www.mfaet.gov.sb/media-center/press-releases/external-trade-news/211-si-accession-uk-pacific-interim-epa.html |website=Solomon Islands Government Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade|access-date=6 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128030351/http://www.mfaet.gov.sb/media-center/press-releases/external-trade-news/211-si-accession-uk-pacific-interim-epa.html%7Carchive-date=28 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=30 December 2013|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/solomon-islands-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Solomon Islands: tax treaties|access-date=28 April 2025|website=GOV.UK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328113744/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/solomon-islands-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Tonga}} Template:Date table sorting See Tonga–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Tonga on 4 June 1970.<ref name="tonga" />

The UK governed Tonga from 1900 until 1970, when Tonga achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Tonga - United Kingdom BIT (1997)|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3031/tonga---united-kingdom-bit-1997-%7Cwebsite=UN Trade and Development|access-date=23 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501193755/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3031/tonga---united-kingdom-bit-1997-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

Template:Flag 1978 See Tuvalu–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Tuvalu on 1 October 1978.<ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification

The UK governed Tuvalu from 1892 until 1978, when Tuvalu achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Arrangement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date= 2 January 2014|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tuvalu-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Tuvalu: tax treaties|access-date=5 November 2025|website=GOV.UK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205418/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tuvalu-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Vanuatu}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Vanuatu relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Vanuatu on 30 July 1980.<ref name="vanuatu"/>

The UK governed Vanuatu from 1887 until 1980, when Vanuatu achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=United Kingdom - Vanuatu BIT (2003)|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3064/united-kingdom---vanuatu-bit-2003-%7Cwebsite=UN Trade and Development|access-date=23 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811052711/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3064/united-kingdom---vanuatu-bit-2003-%7Carchive-date=11 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

South America

Country Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Argentina}} Template:Date table sorting See Argentina–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends the G20 Summit in Brazil (54149827241).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Argentine President Javier Milei at a G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Argentina on 2 February 1825.<ref name="argentina"/>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac"/> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=21 February 2014|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/argentina-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Argentina: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=5 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171713/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/argentina-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/161/argentina---united-kingdom-bit-1990-%7Ctitle=Argentina - United Kingdom BIT (1990)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=5 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216115524/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/161/argentina---united-kingdom-bit-1990-%7Carchive-date=16 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag state}} Template:Date table sorting See Bolivia–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary meets Bolivian Vice President.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Bolivian Vice President David Choquehuanca in London, March 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Bolivia on 29 September 1840.<ref name="bolivia">{{#invoke:cite|book|title=Manual de referencia de tratados comerciales latinoamericanos|publisher=United States Tariff Commission|year=1941|pages=39|language=es}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=29 March 2005|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/bolivia-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Bolivia: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=2 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171728/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/bolivia-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Brazil}} Template:Date table sorting See Brazil–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends the G20 Summit in Brazil (54152335090).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva at a G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Brazil on 17 August 1827.<ref name="brazil">{{#invoke:cite|book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMq1D6Bs0woC |title=Manual de referencia de tratados comerciales latinoamericanos |publisher=United States Tariff Commission |year=1941 |pages=69 |language=es}}</ref>Template:Better source needed

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the G20, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Chile}} Template:Date table sorting See Chile–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends the G20 Summit in Brazil (54150303287).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Chilean President Gabriel Boric at a G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Chile on 14 September 1823.<ref name="chile" />

Both countries share common membership of CPTPP, the International Criminal Court, OECD, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Mander|first=Benedict|url=https://www.ft.com/content/54c17880-263f-11e9-8ce6-5db4543da632%7Cwebsite=Financial Times|title=Is Chile a Brexit seer?|date=1 February 2019|access-date=26 November 2023|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203063157/https://www.ft.com/content/54c17880-263f-11e9-8ce6-5db4543da632%7Carchive-date=3 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=1 July 2005|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/chile-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Chile: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=21 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171734/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/chile-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Colombia}} Template:Date table sorting See Colombia–United Kingdom relations
File:Theresa May welcomes Colombian President Santos to 10 Downing street.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos in Downing Street, November 2016.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Colombia on 18 April 1825.<ref name="colombia" />

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the OECD, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Andean Countries–UK Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="andean">{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Taj|first=Mitra|website=Reuters|title=Peru, Ecuador and Colombia sign trade deal with UK ahead of Brexit|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brexit-peru-idUSKCN1SL2LW%7Cdate=15 May 2019|access-date=26 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515211443/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brexit-peru-idUSKCN1SL2LW/%7Carchive-date=15 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries havea Cultural Agreement,<ref name="colombia" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref name="colombia" /> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1010/colombia---united-kingdom-bit-2010-%7Ctitle=Colombia - United Kingdom BIT (2010)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814063123/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/1010/colombia---united-kingdom-bit-2010-%7Carchive-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> a Partnership for Sustainable Growth,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=British Embassy Bogotá|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/colombia-and-the-united-kingdom-renew-their-strategic-partnership-on-climate-and-nature%7Cdate= 13 January 2023|title=Colombia and the United Kingdom renew their strategic partnership on climate and nature|website=GOV.UK|access-date=1 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113194019/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/colombia-and-the-united-kingdom-renew-their-strategic-partnership-on-climate-and-nature%7Carchive-date=13 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Security Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Freeman|first=Daniel|url=https://colombiareports.com/colombia-united-kingdom-sign-security-agreement/%7Cdate=21 January 2014|title=Colombia and United Kingdom sign security agreement|website=Colombia Reports|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604231838/https://colombiareports.com/amp/colombia-united-kingdom-sign-security-agreement/%7Carchive-date=4 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Ecuador}} Template:Date table sorting See Ecuador–United Kingdom relations
File:Ministro británico de Estado, Jeremy Browne, se reúne con Canciller encargado, Kintto Lucas de Ecuador (5974326129).jpg
Foreign Office Minister Jeremy Browne with acting Ecuadorian Foreign Minister Kintto Lucas in Quito, July 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ecuador on 29 January 1853.<ref name="ecuador" />Template:Failed verification

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Andean Countries–UK Trade Agreement.<ref name="andean" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=8 August 2024|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ecuador-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Ecuador: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=13 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093413/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ecuador-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Guyana}} Template:Date table sorting See Guyana–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends CHOGM Summit in Samoa -Day 2 (54092122963).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Guyanese President Irfaan Ali at a Commonwealth summit in Apia, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Guyana on the 26 May 1966.<ref name="guyana" />

The UK governed Guyana from 1803 to 1966, when Guyana achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=14 February 2007|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guyana-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Guyana: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=1 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205408/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guyana-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1852/guyana---united-kingdom-bit-1989-%7Ctitle=Guyana - United Kingdom BIT (1989)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=2 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227113129/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1852/guyana---united-kingdom-bit-1989-%7Carchive-date=27 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Paraguay}} Template:Date table sorting See Paraguay–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy meets with Paraguayan Foreign Minister (54669272559).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Paraguayan Foreign Minister Rubén Ramírez Lezcano in London, July 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Paraguay on 4 March 1853.<ref name="paraguay" />

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2749/paraguay---united-kingdom-bit-1981-%7Ctitle=Paraguay - United Kingdom BIT (1981)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=1 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194237/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2749/paraguay---united-kingdom-bit-1981-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag state}} Template:Date table sorting See Peru–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary meets with Peruvian Foreign Minister.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Peruvian Foreign Minister Elmer Schialer in London, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Peru on 10 October 1823.<ref name="peru" />

Both countries are members of CPTPP, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Andean Countries–UK Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="andean" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2758/peru---united-kingdom-bit-1993-%7Ctitle=Peru - United Kingdom BIT (1993)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=3 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222210757/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2758/peru---united-kingdom-bit-1993-%7Carchive-date=22 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Suriname}} Template:Date table sorting See Suriname–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Suriname on 31 March 1976.<ref name="suriname" />

England governed Suriname from 1650 to 1667, when Suriname was ceded to the Netherlands. The UK occupied Suriname from 1799 until 1816.<ref name="Suriname plans to join the Commonwealth">{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Drepaul |first=Milton |url=http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/12377129-suriname-plans-to-join-the-commonwealth |title=Suriname plans to join the Commonwealth |date=13 June 2012|website=AllVoices|access-date=27 April 2024|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625094503/http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/12377129-suriname-plans-to-join-the-commonwealth |archive-date=25 June 2013}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> the Caribbean Development Bank, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Jayawardena|first=Ranil|date=5 March 2021|title=Suriname signs CARIFORUM-UK EPA|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/suriname-signs-cariforum-uk-epa |website=GOV.UK|access-date=11 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718174034/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/suriname-signs-cariforum-uk-epa%7Carchive-date=18 July 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Uruguay}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Uruguay relations
File:Prime Minister Bilat with the President of Uruguay Luis Pou.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Uruguayan President Luis Lacalle Pou in 10 Downing Street, May 2022.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Uruguay on 21 February 1833.<ref name="uruguay" /><ref name="uruguay2"/>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date= 28 June 2016|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uruguay-tax-treaties%7Ctitle=Uruguay: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=1 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205419/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uruguay-tax-treaties%7Carchive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3062/united-kingdom---uruguay-bit-1991-%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Uruguay BIT (1991)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=5 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209025756/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3062/united-kingdom---uruguay-bit-1991-%7Carchive-date=9 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Venezuela}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Venezuela relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Venezuela on 29 October 1834.Template:Citation needed

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3065/united-kingdom---venezuela-bolivarian-republic-of-bit-1995-%7Ctitle=United Kingdom - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of BIT (1995)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=24 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501190808/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3065/united-kingdom---venezuela-bolivarian-republic-of-bit-1995-%7Carchive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sovereignty disputes

File:Antarctica, territorial claims.svg
Map of territorial claims in Antarctica, including the unclaimed Marie Byrd Land. Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend


File:Gibraltar National Day 027 (9719742224) (2).jpg
Gibraltar National Day celebrations in 2013

List of territorial disputes involving the United Kingdom:

Territory Claimants Notes
Antarctica {{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 British Antarctic Territory}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Argentina}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 Argentine Antarctica}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Chile}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 Chilean Antarctic Territory}} See Territorial claims in Antarctica

The United Kingdom claims the area between Template:Nowrap and Template:Nowrap as a British Overseas Territory. The area between 25°W and 53°W overlaps Argentina's claim. The area between 74°W and 80°W overlaps Chile's claim. The area between 53°W and 74°W overlaps the claims of both Argentina and Chile.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/oct/19/climatechange.fossilfuels | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Argentina ready to challenge Britain's Antarctic claims | first=Owen | last=Bowcott | date=19 October 2007 | access-date=2 May 2010 | archive-date=22 September 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922194001/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/oct/19/climatechange.fossilfuels | url-status=live}}</ref>

Chagos Archipelago {{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 British Indian Ocean Territory}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Mauritius}} See Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute

The United Kingdom de facto administers the archipelago as the British Indian Ocean Territory. Mauritius claims the islands. On 22 May 2025, Mauritius and the United Kingdom signed a deal to hand sovereignty over to Mauritius; the dispute will end once the deal is ratified by both parties.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Sheppard|first1=David|last2=Ring |first2=Suzi|last3=Parker|first3=George|last4=Clover|first4=Charlie|last5=Pilling|first5=David|url=https://www.ft.com/content/2402978e-cf62-4a1e-8a0c-8bb85af85d8c%7Cdate=22 May 2025|title=UK to pay £101mn a year as it signs Chagos Islands deal|location=London|url-access=subscription|website=Financial Times|access-date=22 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522143900/https://www.ft.com/content/2402978e-cf62-4a1e-8a0c-8bb85af85d8c%7Carchive-date=22 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rock of Gibraltar {{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 Gibraltar}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Spain}} See Status of Gibraltar

The United Kingdom de facto governs Gibraltar as a British Overseas Territory. Spain claims Gibraltar, disputing the interpretation of the Treaty of Utrecht, as well as the location of the border. Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain under British sovereignty in 1967 and 2002.

Falkland Islands {{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 Falkland Islands}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Argentina}} See Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute

The United Kingdom de facto governs the Falkland Islands as a British Overseas Territory. Argentina claims the Islands as part of its Province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and South Atlantic Islands province. In 1982, the dispute escalated when Argentina invaded the islands during the Falklands War. In 2013, the Falkland Islanders voted overwhelmingly to remain a British Overseas Territory.

Rockall Bank {{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Iceland}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Ireland}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Denmark}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 Faroe Islands}} See Rockall Bank dispute

Rockall is an uninhabited islet located within the exclusive economic zone of the UK. Ireland, Denmark, Iceland, and the UK have all made submissions to the commission set up under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|author=The Irish Times|date=8 June 2019|title=Who owns Rockall? A history of disputes over a tiny Atlantic island|newspaper=The Irish Times|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/who-owns-rockall-a-history-of-disputes-over-a-tiny-atlantic-island-1.3919668%7Caccess-date=7 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608170724/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/who-owns-rockall-a-history-of-disputes-over-a-tiny-atlantic-island-1.3919668%7Carchive-date=8 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

South Georgia,
South Sandwich Islands 		{{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Argentina}} See South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands sovereignty dispute

The United Kingdom de facto governs South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands as a British Overseas Territory. Argentina claims the Islands as part of its Province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and South Atlantic Islands province. In 1982, the dispute escalated when Argentina invaded South Georgia during the Falklands War.

Commonwealth of Nations

File:Commonwealth of Nations.svg
Members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

The UK has varied relationships with the countries that make up the Commonwealth of Nations which originated from the British Empire. Charles III of the United Kingdom is Head of the Commonwealth and is King of 15 of its 56 member states. Those that retain the King as head of state are called Commonwealth realms. Over time several countries have been suspended from the Commonwealth for various reasons. Zimbabwe was suspended because of the authoritarian rule of its President.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/intorgs/commonwealth/aus_comm_3.html%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501105104/http://www.dfat.gov.au/intorgs/commonwealth/aus_comm_3.html%7Curl-status=dead%7Ctitle=The Commonwealth of Nations - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade|archive-date=1 May 2008}}</ref>

International organisations

Template:See also

The United Kingdom is a member of the following international organisations:<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-kingdom/ |title=CIA World Factbook - United Kingdom |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=2011-03-10 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109221834/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-kingdom/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

  • ACP - Atlantic Co-operation Pact<ref name="pac" />
  • ADB - Asian Development Bank (nonregional member)
  • AfDB - African Development Bank (nonregional member)
  • Arctic Council (observer)
  • Australia Group
  • BIS - Bank for International Settlements
  • Commonwealth of Nations
  • CBSS - Council of the Baltic Sea States (observer)
  • CDB - Caribbean Development Bank
  • Council of Europe
  • CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research
  • CPTPP - Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans–Pacific Partnership
  • EAPC - Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
  • EBRD - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  • ESA - European Space Agency
  • FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization
  • FATF - Financial Action Task Force
  • G7 - Group of Seven
  • G10 - Group of Ten
  • G20 - Group of Twenty
  • IADB - Inter-American Development Bank
  • IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency
  • IBRD - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (also known as the World Bank)
  • ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization
  • ICC - International Chamber of Commerce
  • ICCt - International Criminal Court
  • ICRM - International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
  • IDA - International Development Association
  • IEA - International Energy Agency
  • IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development
  • IFC - International Finance Corporation
  • IFRCS - International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
  • IHO - International Hydrographic Organization
  • ILO - International Labour Organization
  • IMF - International Monetary Fund
  • IMO - International Maritime Organization
  • IMSO - International Mobile Satellite Organization
  • Interpol - International Criminal Police Organization
  • IOC - International Olympic Committee
  • IOM - International Organization for Migration
  • IPU - Inter-Parliamentary Union
  • ISO - International Organization for Standardization
  • ITSO - International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
  • ITU - International Telecommunication Union
  • ITUC - International Trade Union Confederation
  • MIGA - Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
  • MONUSCO - United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • NEA - Nuclear Energy Agency
  • NSG - Nuclear Suppliers Group
  • OAS - Organization of American States (observer)
  • OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
  • OPCW - Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
  • OSCE - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
  • Paris Club
  • PCA - Permanent Court of Arbitration
  • PIF - Pacific Islands Forum (partner)
  • SECI - Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (observer)
  • UN - United Nations
  • UNSC - United Nations Security Council
  • UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  • UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
  • UNFICYP - United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
  • UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
  • UNMIS - United Nations Mission in Sudan
  • UNRWA - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
  • UPU - Universal Postal Union
  • WCO - World Customs Organization
  • WHO - World Health Organization
  • WIPO - World Intellectual Property Organization
  • WMO - World Meteorological Organization
  • WTO - World Trade Organization
  • Zangger Committee - (also known as the Nuclear Exporters Committee)

See also

References

Template:Notelist <references />

Bibliography

  • Casey, Terrence. The Blair Legacy: Politics, Policy, Governance, and Foreign Affairs (2009) excerpt and text search
  • Daddow, Oliver, and Jamie Gaskarth, eds. British foreign policy: the New Labour years (Palgrave, 2011)
  • Daddow, Oliver. "Constructing a ‘great’ role for Britain in an age of austerity: Interpreting coalition foreign policy, 2010–2015." International Relations 29.3 (2015): 303-318.
  • Dickie, John. The New Mandarins: How British Foreign Policy Works (2004)
  • Dumbrell, John. A special relationship: Anglo-American relations from the Cold War to Iraq (2006)
  • Finlan, Alastair. Contemporary Military Strategy and the Global War on Terror: US and UK Armed Forces in Afghanistan and Iraq 2001-2012 (2014)
  • Gallagher, Julia. "Healing the scar? Idealizing Britain in Africa, 1997–2007." African Affairs 108.432 (2009): 435-451 online
  • Honeyman, V. C. "From Liberal Interventionism to Liberal Conservatism: the short road in foreign policy from Blair to Cameron." British Politics (2015). abstract
  • Lane, Ann. Strategy, Diplomacy and UK Foreign Policy (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010)
  • Leech, Philip, and Jamie Gaskarth. "British Foreign Policy and the Arab Spring." Diplomacy & Statecraft 26#1 (2015).
  • Lunn, Jon, Vaughne Miller, Ben Smith. "British foreign policy since 1997 - Commons Library Research Paper RP08/56" (UK House of Commons, 2008) 123pp onlineTemplate:Dead link
  • Magyarics, Tamas. Balancing in Central Europe: Great Britain and Hungary in the 1920s
  • Seah, Daniel. "The CFSP as an aspect of conducting foreign relations by the United Kingdom: With Special Reference to the Treaty of Amity & Cooperation in Southeast Asia" International Review of Law (2015) "online
  • Seton-Watson, R. W. Britain in Europe (1789–1914): A Survey of Foreign Policy (1937) online
  • Stephens, Philip. Britain Alone: The Path from Suez to Brexit (2021) excerpted
  • Whitman, Richard G. "The calm after the storm? Foreign and security policy from Blair to Brown." Parliamentary Affairs 63.4 (2010): 834–848. online
  • Williams, Paul. British Foreign Policy under New Labour (2005)

Primary sources

  • Blair, Tony. A Journey: My Political Life (2010)
  • Howe, Geoffrey. Conflict of Loyalty (1994), memoir covers 1983 to 1989 online

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