Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates
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The diplomatic foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates are conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.
The United Arab Emirates has broad diplomatic and commercial relations with most countries of the world. It plays a significant role in OPEC, and is one of the founding members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The United Arab Emirates is a member of the United Nations and several of its specialized agencies, as well as the World Bank, IMF, Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and the Non-Aligned Movement. Also, it is an observer in the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. Most countries have diplomatic missions in the capital Abu Dhabi with most consulates being in United Arab Emirates's largest and most populated city, Dubai.
Multilateral relations
UAE has joined the United Nations and the Arab League and has established diplomatic relations with more than 60 countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Russia, India, Nepal, United States, and most Western European countries. It has played a moderate role within the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), the United Nations, and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
The UAE believes that the Arab League needs to be restructured to become a viable institution, and would like to increase the strength and interoperability of the GCC defense forces. Template:Citation needed
The UAE is a member of the following international organizations: UN and several of its specialized agencies (ICAO, ILO, UPU, WHO, WIPO); World Bank, IMF, Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), OPEC, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, and the Non-Aligned Movement.
In October 2010, the UAE was granted observer status at the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
As a result of the foreign policy of the UAE, the Emirati passport became the largest individual climber in Henley & Partners Passport Index in 2018 over the past decade, increasing its global rank by 28 places.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to the Henley Passport Index, as of 28 March 2019, Emirati citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 165 countries and territories, ranking the Emirati passport 21st in the world in terms of travel freedom.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In July 2024, The UAE and Japan signed multiple agreements to enhance business ties, including a $3 billion green financing deal and cooperation on energy reserves. Bilateral trade reached $47.4 billion in 2023, with the UAE as Japan's top GCC trading partner and a major oil supplier.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In January 2025, the UAE condemned the 2025 Point Triple attack on Benin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which the United Arab Emirates maintains diplomatic relations with:
| # | Country | citation | CitationClass=web
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Africa
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 6 July 1973 | See Algeria–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1973 when UAE officials opened an embassy in Algiers<ref name="ReferenceE"/>
| |
| Template:Flag | 10 January 1972, severed diplomatic relations from 25 April 1979, Restored 11 November 1987 | See Egypt–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1972<ref name="News Review on West Asia – Page 13"/> Since the establishment of the UAE in 1971, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates relations were always at a good level and developing at an unprecedented rate. The bond of friendship between the leaders of both countries has reflected on the growing political, economic and cultural ties between them, as a result, UAE ranks first among Arab and foreign countries investing in Egypt.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> The UAE and Egypt maintain a close economic ties and maintain trade between the two countries with imports and exports between the two sides.
|
| Template:Flag | 28 June 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1993<ref name="Horn of Africa Bulletin – Volume 5"/>
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
| Template:Flag | 5 June 1982 | See Kenya–United Arab Emirates relations | |
| Template:Flag | 6 May 2009 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 2009<ref name="gulfnews.com"/>
| |
| Template:Flag | 24 May 1972 |
The UAE maintains a forward operating base at the Al-Khadim Airport, near Marj.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | |
| Template:Flag | 23 July 1973 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1973<ref name="ReferenceF"/> The United Arab Emirates established an embassy in Dakar in March 2018, which was unveiled by Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan.<ref name="gulf">Template:Cite news</ref> The Abu Dhabi Fund for Development loaned Senegal $13 million to invest in rural solar energy.<ref name="gulf"/> | |
| Template:Flag | 29 November 1972 | See Somalia–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1972<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| Template:Flag | December 1971 | See UAE-Sudan relations |
Americas
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 8 January 1996 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1996.<ref name="foreign.gov.bb" />
| |||||
| Template:Flag | 26 May 1974 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||
| Template:Flag | 2 February 1974 | See Canada–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 February 1974<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
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}}</ref>
|
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}}</ref> | ||
| Template:Flag | 23 June 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1978<ref name="Relaciones bilaterales"/>
| |||||
| Template:Flag | 1 January 1976 | See Colombia–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1976<ref name="cancilleria.gov.co"/>
| |||||
| Template:Flag | 12 September 1975 | See Mexico–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1975<ref name="twitter.com"/>
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |||
| Template:Flag | 17 June 1986 | labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1986<ref name="mofaic.gov.ae"/> | |||||
| Template:Flag | 20 March 1972 | See United Arab Emirates–United States relations
The UAE's strategic relationship with the United States dates back to the 1990 invasion of Kuwait. Subsequent to joining the military effort, the two countries signed an agreement in late 1992 permitting the United States to use some UAE bases temporarily and to pre-position supplies on UAE territory.<ref name=":11">Template:Cite encyclopedia Template:PD-notice</ref> Since 25 July 1994, a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement has been in place.<ref>CRS Report for Congress, The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy, May 2005 Template:Webarchive</ref> Ten years later, despite publicly opposing the US led war in Iraq, the UAE permitted a minimal amount of US forces to support the operation from the Al Dhafra air base, Jebel Ali, and naval facilities at Fujairah. Enhancing security relations, has been a US arms sale in March 2000 to the Emirates, valued at $8 billion and included over $2 billion worth of weapons, munitions, and services.<ref>CRS Report for Congress Pg. 5</ref> A nuclear deal was signed between the US and the UAE meant to supply nuclear technology, expertise and fuel. Despite international opposition to neighboring Iran's nuclear developments, the US is confident of the UAE's compliance with the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and the International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards to refrain from enriching uranium and extracting plutonium.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> It firmly believes this agreement "has the potential to usher in an era of responsible nuclear-energy development throughout the Middle East."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> Commercially, the UAE is also the States' largest export market in the Middle East constituting $11.6 billion in exports annually. In March 2005, the US opened negotiations on a free trade agreement and despite intermittent depreciation of currencies in the Persian Gulf area, the UAE dirham remains pegged to the dollar.<ref>Thaindian News, "Pegged to dollar, Gulf currencies have depreciated: report", 7 April 2008, http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/pegged-to-dollar-gulf-currencies-have-depreciated-report_10035374.html Template:Webarchive</ref> The two countries have also maintained close ties through an exchange of cultural and educational partnerships which include the Guggenheim Museum, and a number of American Universities opening campuses in the Emirates.<ref>UAE-US Relations: UAE–US Partnerships, {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Asia
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 6 April 1973 | See Afghanistan–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1973<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
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| Template:Flag | 25 June 1998 | See Armenia–United Arab Emirates relations
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| Template:Flag | 1 September 1992 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 1992<ref name="BILATERAL RELATIONS"/>
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| Template:Flag | 1971 | See Bahrain–United Arab Emirates relations
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| Template:Flag | 1 November 1984 | See China–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1984<ref name="ae.china-embassy.gov.cn"/> Over the years, the relations between the UAE and China intensified, causing increasing issues with an important western ally, the US. From the Chinese technology to crude oil and to COVID-19 vaccine, the Emirates began to expand its reliance on China.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2021, the US raised multiple warnings for the Emirates to move back in its growing relations with China. The Biden administration pushed the Emirates to abandon Huawei's telecommunication network, which was a potential threat to a crucial deal of F-35 fighter jet and other military equipment between the UAE and US.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The US also warned the Emirates of a military facility that was secretly being built by China at a port near Abu Dhabi. The US intelligence warnings and multiple trips by the American officials to the UAE let to a halt in the construction of the facility.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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| Template:Flag | 23 February 1972 | See India–United Arab Emirates relations
UAE enjoys close economic and cultural relations with India. Close maritime contact between India and the Arabian Peninsula date back to 3rd and 2nd millennium BC.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and textile and spice trade between the two countries flourished during most of 1st millennium AD.<ref name=EOI>Embassy of India – India–UAE relations Template:Webarchive</ref> The discovery of oil allowed the UAE to increase and diversify its trade relations with India. UAE and India are each other's main trading partners. The trade totals over $75 billion (AED275.25 billion).<ref name="MainTrade">Template:Cite news</ref> During the first half of 2010, non-oil trade between India and the UAE stood at US$20.4 billion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}Template:Dead link</ref> UAE is home to more than 3 million Indian expatriates, making Indians the largest ethnic group in the nation.<ref>Background Note:United Arab Emirates Template:Webarchive, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, U.S. Department of State</ref>
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| Template:Flag | 1976 | See Indonesia–United Arab Emirates relations
The diplomatic relations between Indonesia and United Arab Emirates are friendly and cordial since they were established in 1976. Both Muslim majority countries, they each recognize the other's important role its respective region. Indonesia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi, while the United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are partners in multilateral organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), The Non-Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Indonesia uses the UAE as the main gate to enter the Persian Gulf and Middle East market, Indonesia's export to UAE is the largest in the Middle East. Indonesian Government has established the trade and investment representative office to promote its products in United Arab Emirates and the entire Middle East region. | ||||
| Template:Flag | 28 October 1972 | See Iran–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 October 1972<ref name="Chronicle of Progress"/>
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| Template:Flag | 1971 | See Iraq–United Arab Emirates relations
The 1990 Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait were a shock to the UAE.<ref name=":11" /> For the UAE, the crisis over Kuwait demonstrated a lack of Arab unity on a critical Arab issue.<ref name=":11" /> The UAE joined the Arab states that opposed the Iraqi invasion and supported the use of force to compel Iraq's withdrawal of troops from Kuwait.<ref name=":11" /> Prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the UAE opposed the US-led invasion. In June 2008, the Iraqi government announced that the United Arab Emirates would send an ambassador to Baghdad within a few days. This would become the first Arab ambassador in Iraq since the kidnapping and murder of the Egyptian Ambassador Ihab el-Sherif in July 2005. This announcement was made during a surprise visit by the United Arab Emirates' Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan to Baghdad on 5 June 2008. This marked the first time a high-ranking official from a Gulf state visited Iraq since March 2003.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 31 July 2007 following Iraq victory of the Asian Cup, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, vice-president and prime minister of the UAE awarded the Iraq national football team 20 million Dhs, ($5.2 million) for capturing the Asian Cup for the first time in the country's history.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | 15 September 2020 | See Israel–United Arab Emirates relations
The Abraham Agreement has opened a new window of opportunity for normalization between Israel and the UAE. However, some analysts, such as Salem Al Ketbi, reject "zero-sum arguments" and suggest that relations with Israel and Iran do not preclude each other.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> As a response to the Gaza war, the UAE condemned Hamas for its "serious and grave escalation" and its hostage taking.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | |||
| Template:Flag | 1972 | See Jordan–United Arab Emirates relations
Jordan was the first country to recognize UAE after forming the union in 1971. The first commander in Chief in the UAE military was Jordanian, and the first commander in Zayed Military college was Jordanian as well. Making Jordan effectively one of a key partners of forming the UAE.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> The relationship between UAE and Jordan dates to the 1950s, before UAE gain independence and form the union. Jordan at the time used to aid UAE with educational, military, and health care missions, when UAE was still a barren desert.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | 1992 | citation | CitationClass=web
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| Template:Flag | 8 March 1972 | See Kuwait–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1972<ref name="Today in Kuwait's History"/>
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| Template:Flag | 11 September 1974 | See Malaysia–United Arab Emirates relations
The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> The countries established diplomatic relations in 1983.<ref name="khaleejtimes.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> In 2005 Malaysia's export to the UAE stood at Dh7 billion. Main export items were gold and jewellery, wood products (furniture and parts), palm oil, petroleum products and electrical appliances. In 2007, trade between Malaysia and UAE was worth MYR 14.56 billion making UAE, Malaysia's largest trading partner in West Asia as well as Malaysia being the 10th largest exporter to UAE.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> In 2009, Malaysian ambassador Datuk Yahaya Abdul Jabar said total trade between Malaysia and UAE from January to November stood at RM19.5 billion. Malaysia's main exports to the UAE are jewellery, consumer electronics and palm oil.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | 1 April 1973 | See Oman–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established full diplomatic relations on 1 April 1973<ref name="ARR, Arab Report and Record"/>
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| Template:Flag | 13 January 1972 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1972<ref name="News Review on West Asia"/>
See Pakistan–United Arab Emirates relations Pakistan and the UAE are very close allies with extremely close relations based on cultural affinities and shared faith. These relations date back to the UAE's formation in 1971, and have since developed into wide-ranging co-operation in various fields. UAE has been a major donor of economic assistance to Pakistan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sheikh Zayed International Airport in Rahim Yar Khan, in the Punjab province of Pakistan is an example of UAE's economic assistance as the late president and the founder of the UAE Sheikh Zayed donated the airport to the government of Pakistan. UAE has emerged as one of Pakistan's major economic and trading partners. A large number of Pakistani expatriates, numbering nearly 1.2 million are gainfully employed in UAE.Template:Citation needed | ||||
| Template:Flag | 1975 | See Qatar–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1975.<ref name="العلاقات الثنائية"/> The UAE alongside multiple Middle Eastern and African countries cut diplomatic ties with Qatar in June 2017 due to allegations of Qatar being a state sponsor of terrorism, resulting in the Qatar diplomatic crisis. Ties were restored in January 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | 21 August 1974 | See Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1974.<ref name="Middle East Economic Survey"/> | ||||
| Template:Flag | 18 June 1980 | See South Korea–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1980<ref name="Overview"/>
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| Template:Flag | 19 January 1972 | See Syria–United Arab Emirates relations
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| Template:Flag | 21 March 1973 | See Turkey–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1973<ref name="ReferenceB"/> | ||||
| Template:Flag | 1995 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> Turkmenistan has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> The UAE has an embassy in Ashgabat.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | 1 August 1993 | See United Arab Emirates–Vietnam relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1993<ref name="RELATIONS VIETNAM – UAE"/>
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| Template:Flag | See United Arab Emirates–Yemen relations
The UAE and Yemen have a complex and strained relationship, as the UAE has played a significant role in regional politics in Yemen, and has at various points been an adversary of the country, as the UAE's involvement in Yemen, for example the United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra, and its support for the Southern Transitional Council, a secessionist organization in Southern Yemen, has been a source of tension between the two countries, and has contributed to the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis in the country. Furthermore, the UAE has been involved in other efforts in Yemen that have been controversial. The country has been accused of backing local militias and separatist groups that have sought to gain more autonomy or independence from the central government. Some critics have accused the UAE of using these groups to further its own interests in the region, rather than working towards a broader peace and stability in Yemen. |
Europe
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 18 January 1975 | See Denmark–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1975<ref name="ReferenceI"/> | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 5 January 1972 | See France–United Arab Emirates relations
The UAE's relationship with France has been strategically important as it negotiated a defence cooperation agreement and remains one of the country's primary providers of military material.<ref name="LOCCP:UAE">Library of Congress Country Profile: UAE, http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/UAE.pdf Template:Webarchive</ref> France and the UAE have signed a defence cooperation agreement in order to diversity its procurement from solely the US.<ref name="LOCCP:UAE"/> Culturally, as the Sorbonne and Louvre are both establishing extensions in the UAE,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> a plan is in the works to recreate a miniature Lyon city in Dubai complete with public squares, restaurants and museums.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> On 25 May 2009, the French president Nicolas Sarkozy visited the UAE, Abu Dhabi where he along with UAE's president Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan formally opened a French military base in the United Arab Emirates. This would become France's first permanent base in the Persian Gulf, hosting up to 500 French troops.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In addition to the inauguration of Peace Camp, Nicolas Sarkozy visited the site of a Louvre Museum branch which France is opening in the United Arab Emirates. Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Minister of Foreign Affairs, said that the co-operation with France is a top priority for the UAE's foreign policy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
| ||||
| Template:Flag | 17 May 1972 | See Germany–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 1972<ref name="auswaertiges-amt.de"/> German exports amount to 5.84 billion Euros.<ref>Federal Foreign Office of Germany Template:Webarchive Country Profile UAE, October 2008</ref> German companies significantly contribute to the UAE's ongoing infrastructure projects and play a leading role in the country's alternative energy developments.<ref>"UAE, Germany to cooperate in averting financial mayhem" Template:Webarchive Saudi Gazette.</ref> Consequently, German Business Park, an area designed to house several of the already seven hundred present companies and their logistical needs, is in the midst of construction.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | 21 June 1976 | See Greece–United Arab Emirates relations
| ||||||
| Template:Flag | 8 October 1974 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1974<ref name="ReferenceG"/>
| ||||||
| Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>||See Kosovo–United Arab Emirates relations
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| Template:Flag | 6 May 1972 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 1972<ref name="ARR: Arab Report and Record"/>
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| Template:Flag | 4 September 1989 | See Poland–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1989<ref name="ReferenceN"/>
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| Template:Flag | 20 June 1976 | See Portugal–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 June 1976.
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| Template:Flag | 13 November 1985 | See Russia–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1985.
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| Template:Flag | 21 March 2007 | See Serbia–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 2007
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| Template:Flag | 10 November 1972 | See Spain–United Arab Emirates relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1972.
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| Template:Flag | 15 October 1992 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 October 1992<ref name="Political dialogue"/>
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| Template:Flag | 6 December 1971 | See United Arab Emirates–United Kingdom relations
The United Arab Emirates established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 6 December 1971.<ref name="agda.ae"/>Template:Failed verification
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}}</ref> |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> The UK governed the United Arab Emirates from 1920 to 1971, when the United Arab Emirates achieved full independence. Both countries share common membership of the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Accord,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Oceania
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 16 March 1975 | See Australia–United Arab Emirates relations
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| Template:Flag | 20 May 1985 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1985<ref name="ReferenceM"/>
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See also
- List of diplomatic missions in the United Arab Emirates
- List of diplomatic missions of the United Arab Emirates
- List of foreign military bases in the United Arab Emirates
- Visa requirements for Emirati citizens
- Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
References
External links
Template:Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates Template:Asia topic Template:United Arab Emirates topics
