Foreign relations of Madagascar

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Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Madagascar has diplomatic relations with many countries, both individual bilateral relations and by virtue of its membership of African and other regional blocs. International aid has been received from the IMF and the World Bank, and a national environmental plan supported by the World Bank and USAID began in 1990.

Regional relations

Madagascar historically has remained outside the mainstream of African affairs, although it is a member of the Indian Ocean Commission, the Organization of African Unity (now renamed the AU), the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa (PMAESA), and the Non-Aligned Movement. Madagascar was admitted to the Southern African Development Community in 2004.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Madagascar maintains diplomatic relations with:

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Bilateral relations

International agencies being present in the country allows to react quickly to emergencies such as a food crisis.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 27 August 1968 See Madagascar–Mauritius relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1968<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Madagascar has an embassy in Port Louis.
  • Mauritius has an embassy in Antananarivo.
Template:Flag 15 April 1994

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 1994<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

  • Madagascar is accredited to Morocco from its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Antananarivo.
Template:Flag 9 August 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1975<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Madagascar is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Mozambique is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
Template:Flag 13 July 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 July 2005 when has been accredited ambassador of Madagascar to Namibia with residence in Pretoria Mr. Yvan Randriasandratriniony.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Madagascar is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Namibia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Harare, Zimbabwe.
Template:Flag 24 June 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.
Template:Flag 12 August 2002 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • Madagascar has an embassy in Dakar.
  • Senegal is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
Template:Flag 27 January 1994 See Madagascar–South Africa relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 1994.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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}}</ref> South Africa and Madagascar share maritime borders with each other.

  • Madagascar has an embassy in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Cape Town.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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  • South Africa has an embassy in Antananarivo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Template:Flag 28 June 1973 citation CitationClass=web

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  • Madagascar is accredited to Tanzania from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 20 July 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 July 2001<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Argentina is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Argentina.
Template:Flag 7 October 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 October 1996<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Brazil is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Brazil from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
Template:Flag 7 January 1965 See Canada–Madagascar relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

  • Canada is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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  • Madagascar has an embassy in Ottawa.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Template:Flag 15 June 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1995<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Colombia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref>Colombia Embassies</ref>
  • Madagascar is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
Template:Flag 11 April 1974 citation CitationClass=web

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  • Cuba is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Cuba from its embassy in Ottawa, Canada.
Template:Flag citation CitationClass=web

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Template:Flag citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>||See Madagascar–United States relations

Relations between the United States and Madagascar date to the middle 19th century. The two countries concluded a commercial convention in 1867 and a treaty of peace, friendship, and commerce in 1881. Traditionally warm relations suffered considerably during the 1970s, when Madagascar expelled the U.S. ambassador, the USA closed a NASA tracking station, allied with the USSR, and nationalized two U.S. oil companies. In 1980, relations at the ambassadorial level were restored.

Throughout the troubled period, commercial and cultural relations remained active. In 1990, Madagascar was designated as a priority aid recipient, and assistance increased from $15 million in 1989 to $40 million in 1993. Recent U.S. assistance has contributed to a population census and family planning programs; conservation of Madagascar's remarkable biodiversity, private sector development, agriculture, democracy and governance initiatives; and media training. Madagascar became the first country with a Millennium Challenge Account compact when it signed an agreement worth $110 million in April 2006. The Ravalomanana government is especially positive about ties with the United States.

  • Madagascar has an embassy in Washington, DC.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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  • United States has an embassy in Antananarivo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 6 November 1972 See China-Madagascar relations

China and Madagascar established diplomatic relations on November 6, 1972.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • China has an embassy in Antananarivo and a consulate-general in Toamasina.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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  • Madagascar has an embassy in Beijing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Template:Flag 27 June 1960 See India–Madagascar relations

India has had maritime links with Madagascar for several centuries.<ref name="mea.gov.in">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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}}</ref> India opened a consulate general in Antananarivo in 1954. Upon Madagascar gaining independence in 1960, it was upgraded to an embassy.<ref name="mea.gov.in"/> There are about 20,000 persons of Indian origin in Madagascar, including approximately 2,500 Indian passport holders.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • India has an embassy in Antananarivo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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  • Madagascar has an embassy in New Delhi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Template:Flag citation CitationClass=web

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  • Indonesia has an embassy in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Indonesia.
Template:Flag

The two countries have a number of bilateral agreements in force.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Israel does not have an accreditation to Madagascar.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Israel from its embassy in Paris, France.
Template:Flag March 1962

The two countries established diplomatic relations on July 5, 1960.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Japan has an embassy in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Tokyo.
Template:Flag 22 October 2008 citation CitationClass=web

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  • Madagascar has an embassy in Riyadh.
  • Saudi Arabia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
Template:Flag citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> broke off diplomatic relations in July 1972, Restored 19 May 1993||

  • Madagascar is accredited to South Korea from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Antananarivo.
Template:Flag 30 January 1963 See Madagascar–Turkey relations
  • Madagascar is accredited to Turkey from its embassy in Rome, Italy.<ref name="auto56">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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  • Turkey has an embassy in Antananarivo.<ref name="auto56"/>
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 76.5 million USD in 2019 (Malagasy exports/imports: 5.2/71.3 million USD).<ref name="auto56"/>
Template:Flag 19 December 1972

The two countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 1972.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Madagascar is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Vietnam is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 27 September 2006

The two countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2006.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Croatia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Croatia.
Template:Flag
  • Cyprus is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an honorary consulate in Antananarivo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Cyprus.
Template:Flag Template:Dts<ref name="diplomatie_gov_mg" />
  • Denmark is represented in Madagascar, through its embassy in Pretoria.<ref name="Madagascar">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

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  • Denmark have a consulate in Antananarivo.<ref name="Madagascar" />
Template:Flag 25 June 1960 See France–Madagascar relations

both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1960.

  • France has an embassy in Antananarivo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

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Template:Flag 26 June 1960 See Germany–Madagascar relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1960<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Germany has an embassy in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Berlin.
Template:Flag 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Greece is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name="mfa.gr">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

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  • Madagascar is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Rome, Italy.<ref name="mfa.gr"/>
Template:Flag citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>||

  • Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar is accredited to the Holy See from its embassy in Paris, France.
Template:Flag 22 September 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2006<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Iceland is accredited to Madagascar from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Reykjavík.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Template:Flag 27 October 1960 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • Madagascar is accredited to Norway from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Norway has an embassy in Antananarivo.
Template:Flag 28 November 1973 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • Madagascar is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Poland is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Antananarivo.
Template:Flag 10 September 1968

The two countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1968.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Madagascar is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Romania is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
Template:Flag 29 September 1972 See Madagascar–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1972.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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During the 2009 Malagasy political crisis, Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that Russia is "concerned by the increased frequency of attempts on the African continent to resort to non-constitutional methods of solving internal political problems." He went on to say that, in addition to increasing economic and social problems, the use of force is of concern and runs counter to democratic principles, whilst affirming Russia's support of the African Union's position.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

  • Madagascar has an embassy in Moscow.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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  • Russia has an embassy in Antananarivo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Template:Flag 9 December 1969

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1969.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

  • A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between the two countries.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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  • Madagascar is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Serbia is accredited to Madagascar from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, United States.
Template:Flag 25 March 1966 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • Madagascar is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
Template:Flag 13 June 1961 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • Madagascar has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Antananarivo.
Template:Flag Template:Date table sorting See Madagascar–United Kingdom relations
Malagasy President Hery Rajaonarimampianina with British Foreign Office Minister James Duddridge in London, November 2015.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 27 June 1960.<ref name="britain"/>Template:Failed verification

  • Madagascar maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

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  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Madagascar through its embassy in Antananarivo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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The UK administered Madagascar from 1942 to 1943, when Madagascar was transferred to France.

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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See also

References

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