Foreign relations of Luxembourg

Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible listsThe Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has long been a prominent supporter of European political and economic integration. In 1921, Luxembourg and Belgium formed the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU) to create an inter-exchangeable currency and a common customs regime. Post-war, Luxembourg became a founding member state of the United Nations, and dropped its policy of neutrality to become a founding member state of NATO. Luxembourg expanded its support for European integration, becoming a founding member state of the Benelux Economic Union (today's Benelux Union), and one of the "inner six" founding member states of the three European Communities; the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), and the European Economic Community (EEC). Subsequently, Luxembourg became a founding member state of the European Union (EU) when the EEC and ECSC were incorporated into it in 1993. Luxembourg is a founding member of the Schengen Area, abolishing internal borders amongst its member states, named after the Luxembourg village where the original agreement — since incorporated into EU law — was signed in 1985. At the same time, the majority of Luxembourgers have consistently believed that European unity makes sense only in the context of a dynamic transatlantic relationship, and thus have traditionally pursued a pro-NATO, pro-US foreign policy.

Luxembourg is the site of the European Court of Justice, the European Investment Bank, the European Court of Auditors, the secretariat of the European Parliament, the Statistical Office of the European Commission (Eurostat), and other EU bodies.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Luxembourg maintains diplomatic relations with:

#	Country	Date
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Bilateral relations

Americas

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Flag	3 January 1945	See Canada–Luxembourg relations Diplomatic relations were established on 3 January 1945<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Canada is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains four honorary consulates (in Calgary, Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver).<ref>Luxembourg embassy in Washington (also accredited to Canada) Template:Webarchive</ref> Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, NATO and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.
Template:Flag	8 January 1947	See Luxembourg–Mexico relations Diplomatic relations were established on 8 January 1947<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1980, Prime Minister Pierre Werner paid an official visit to Mexico. In March 1996, Grand Duke Jean paid a visit to Mexico. During the Grand Duke's visit, both nations signed an Air Transportation Agreement. In April 2019, Prime Minister Xavier Bettel paid an official visit to Mexico and met with President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mérida.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Mexico is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and maintains an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	17 July 1903	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Embassy of Luxembourg in Washington, D.C. {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also The United States, fighting on the Allied side, contributed to Luxembourg's liberation in World War I and World War II. More than 5,000 American soldiers, including U.S. Army General George S. Patton, are buried at the Luxembourg American Cemetery and Memorial near the capital of Luxembourg City, and there are monuments in many towns to American liberators. The strong U.S.-Luxembourg relationship is expressed both bilaterally and through common membership in NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Luxembourg has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and a consulates-general in New York City and San Francisco. United States has an embassy in Luxembourg City.

Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Flag	16 November 1972	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> See China–Luxembourg relations China has an embassy in Luxembourg City. Luxembourg has an embassy in Beijing.
Template:Flag	1 July 1948	Diplomatic relations were established on 1 July 1948<ref name="Luxembourg - India Relations"/> See India–Luxembourg relations India has a consulate general in Luxembourg City. Luxembourg has an embassy in New Delhi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag		See Japan–Luxembourg relations Luxembourg has an embassy in Tokyo.<ref>https://tokyo.mae.lu/en.html</ref> Japan has an embassy in Luxembourg City.<ref>https://embassies.net/japan-in-luxembourg/luxembourg</ref>
Template:Flag		See Luxembourg–Palestine relations Palestine is accredited to Luxembourg from its mission in Brussels, Belgium. Luxembourg is accredited to Palestine from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Luxembourg City.
Template:Flag	16 March 1962	Luxembourg and South Korea established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1962.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both countries have a shipping agreement in 1987 and an air agreement in 2003. Luxembourg is accredited to South Korea from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan. South Korea is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium. High-level Exchanges. 1983 April Chairperson of the Advisory Council on State Affairs Choi Kyu-hah. 1996 October the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Gong Roh-myong. From Luxembourg to the South Korea. 1997 September Grand Duke Henri and Minister of Economic Affairs Robert Goebbels. 2000 October Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker and the Minister of Foreign Affairs Lydie Polfer. (To attend the third ASEM meeting). 2001 March Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume. 2004 March Minister of Economy Grethen. (Economic Mission). 2006 October Minister of Finance and Budget Frieden and Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg. 2011 April Ministry of Foreign Affairs Jean Asselborn. 2011 May Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume and Minister of Economy Jeannot Krecke.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	10 July 1946	See Luxembourg–Turkey relations Diplomatic relations were established on 10 July 1946<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Bilateral relations between the Republic of Turkey and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg gained momentum with the opening of a Turkish Embassy in Luxembourg in 1987.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg has an embassy in Ankara, which was opened on 29 November 2011.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr"/> Turkey has an embassy in Luxembourg City. There are 500 ethnic Turk's living in Luxembourg, 200 of whom have dual citizenship. The trade volume between the two States had reached $217 million in 2011.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr"/> Luxembourg strongly supports Turkey's candidacy as a full European Union member.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	15 November 1973	See Luxembourg–Vietnam relations Diplomatic relations were established on 15 November 1973<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China. Vietnam is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.

Europe

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Flag	30 January 1891	Diplomatic relations were established on 30 January 1891<ref name="P. Ruppert 18922"/> Austria has an embassy in Luxembourg City. Luxembourg has an embassy in Vienna. Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Template:Flag	18 April 1892	See Belgium–Luxembourg relations Diplomatic relations were established on 18 April 1892<ref name="P. Ruppert 18922"/> Belgium has an embassy in Luxembourg City. Luxembourg has an embassy in Brussels. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Flag	16 December 1956	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Bulgaria is accredited to Luxembourg from its mission in Brussels, Belgium. Luxembourg is accredited to Bulgaria from its mission in Prague, the Czech Republic. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Flag	3 March 1970	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Cyprus is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in The Hague, the Netherlands. Luxembourg is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Athens, Greece. Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Template:Flag	24 April 1922	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:See also The Czech Republic has an embassy in Luxembourg City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg has an embassy in Prague.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, of the European Union and of NATO. Both countries shared a common fate in the 14th century when John the Blind of Luxembourg married Eliška Přemyslovna sister of the deceased King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia and became king of Bohemia.
Template:Flag	4 June 1906	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Denmark has an embassy in Luxembourg City.<ref>Denmark in Luxembourg</ref> Luxembourg has an embassy in Copenhagen. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the European Union, and NATO.
Template:Flag	29 August 1991	Luxembourg recognised Estonia on February 22, 1923, and re-recognised Estonia on August 27, 1991.Template:Clarify<ref name="emfa">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on August 29, 1991<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1937, a prominent Estonian political leader Artur Sirk, while a fugitive in Luxembourg was found dead, having apparently committed suicide by jumping out a second-story window. Although the Luxembourg Gendarmerie report assumed suicide, because of inconsistencies in the report, the Estonian chargé d'affaires in Paris, Rudolph Mollerson was sent to investigate.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Estonian historians including Pusta<ref>K. Pusta, Saddiku Paevik, Gesilingen, 1964, vol. 1</ref> and Tomingas<ref>W. Tomingas, Vaikiv Ajustu Eestis, New York, 1961</ref> have argued that the death was an act of defenestration by agents of the first President of Estonia, Konstantin Päts. As of December 31, 2007, foreign investments made in Estonia originating from Luxembourg totaled 225 million EUR accounting for 2% of the total volume of foreign direct investments. There are about 300 Estonians living in Luxembourg.<ref name="emfa" /> An Estonian cultural association was founded in 1998.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Estonian President Arnold Rüütel made a state visit to Luxembourg in May 2003,<ref name="emfa" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> prime minister Andrus Ansip's in 2006.Luxembourgish Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker visited Estonia in 1999 and 2007. Trade agreement between Estonia and Belgium and Luxembourg (1935)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Agreement on Road Transport between Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands (came into force 1.12.94)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Agreement Between Estonia and the Belgo-Luxembourg Economic Union on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments (came into force 23.09.99)<ref>Text of the Agreement Between Estonia and the Belgo-Luxembourg Economic Union on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments.Template:Dead link</ref> Agreement Between Estonia and the States of Benelux on Readmission of Persons (came into force 1.02.05) Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Income and Capital Tax evasion (signed 23.05.2006)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Estonia is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and maintains an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City.<ref name="emfa"/> Luxembourg is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Prague (Czech Republic).<ref name="emfa" /> Luxembourg is accredited to Estonia from its embassy in Prague, Czech Republic. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Flag	25 October 1921	Diplomatic relations were established on 25 October 1921<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Finland has an embassy in Luxembourg City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland about relations with Luxembourg Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Flag	15 December 1890	See France–Luxembourg relations Diplomatic relations were established on 15 December 1890<ref name="P. Ruppert 18922"/> Luxembourg was besieged by Louis XIV of France in 1684 and was annexed by Revolutionary France to be part of the Forêts département during the War of the First Coalition in 1795 until Napoleon's defeat in 1815. France has an embassy in Luxembourg City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg has an embassy in Paris, a consulate general in Strasbourg, and consulates in Bordeaux, Lille, Longwy, Lyon, Marseille, and Metz.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, European Union, NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Template:Flag	8 January 1891	See Germany–Luxembourg relations Diplomatic relations were established on 8 January 1891<ref name="P. Ruppert 18922"/> Germany has an embassy in Luxembourg City. Luxembourg has an embassy in Berlin. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Flag		See Greece—Luxembourg relations Greece has an embassy in Luxembourg City. Luxembourg has an embassy in Athens and 3 honorary consulates in Athens, Heraklion and Thessaloniki.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO. Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Luxembourg Template:Webarchive Luxembourg’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Greece (in French only)
Template:Flag	20 December 1961	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ireland has an embassy in Luxembourg City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg has an honorary consulate in Dublin. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and of the European Union.
Template:Flag	7 February 1891	Diplomatic relations were established on 7 February 1891<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Italy has an embassy in Luxembourg City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg has an embassy in Rome and 9 honorary consulates (in Florence, Genoa, Milan, Naples, Palermo, Perugia, Riccione, Turin, and Venice).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, of the European Union and of NATO. There are around 19,000 people of Italian descent living in Luxembourg.
Template:Flag	16 June 2011	See Kosovo–Luxembourg relations Diplomatic relations were established on 16 June 2011<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Luxembourg recognized the independence of Kosovo on 21 February 2008.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kosovo is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium. Luxembourg has an embassy in Pristina.
Template:Flag	2 July 1992	Diplomatic relations were established on 2 July 1992<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg did not recognise the annexation of the Baltic States by the USSR in 1940-1991 either de iure or de facto. Lithuania is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and through an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg is accredited to Lithuania from its embassy in Warsaw, Poland and through an honorary consulate in Vilnius. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO. Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: list of bilateral treaties with Luxembourg Template:Webarchive
Template:Flag	4 March 1891	See Luxembourg–Netherlands relations Diplomatic relations were established on 4 March 1891<ref name="P. Ruppert 18922" /> Luxembourg has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy in Luxembourg City. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Flag	18 April 1921	See Luxembourg–Poland relations Diplomatic relations were established on 18 April 1921<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Luxembourg City. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Flag	5 December 1910	Diplomatic relations were established on 5 December 1910<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Athens, Greece and maintains two honorary consulates (in Bucharest and Sibiu). Romania has an embassy in Luxembourg City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Flag	7 March 1891	See Luxembourg–Russia relations Diplomatic relations were established on 7 March 1891<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="P. Ruppert 18922"/> Luxembourg has an embassy in Moscow and an honorary consulate in Saint Petersburg. Russia has an embassy in the city of Luxembourg City. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the United Nations. In the history of bilateral relations, the first Russian president to come on an official visit to Luxembourg was Vladimir Putin on 24 May 2007. As bilateral trade had more than tripled from US$66.6 million in 2003 to US$228.3 million in 2006, time had come to strengthen the ties between the two countries, energy and finance being the key areas of cooperation between Russia and Luxembourg.
Template:Flag	18 February 1891	See Luxembourg–Spain relations Diplomatic relations were established on 18 February 1891<ref name="P. Ruppert 18922"/> Luxembourg has an embassy in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in Luxembourg City. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Template:Flag	1 July 1992	See Luxembourg–Ukraine relations Diplomatic relations were established on 1 July 1992<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourg is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Prague, Czech Republic and through an honorary consulate in Kyiv. Ukraine is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and through an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
Template:Flag	Template:Date table sorting	See Luxembourg–United Kingdom relations Luxembourger Foreign Minister Jean Asselborn with British Foreign Secretary William Hague in London, January 2011. Luxembourg established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 8 June 1891.<ref name=":9"/>Template:Failed verification Luxembourg maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Diplomat Magazine|date=15 July 2016|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/europe/luxembourg/%7Ctitle=Luxembourg%7Cwebsite=Diplomat Magazine|access-date=25 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513004220/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/europe/luxembourg/%7Carchive-date=13 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> The United Kingdom is accredited to Luxembourg through its embassy in Luxembourg City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Oceania

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Template:Flag	18 September 1970<ref>*Diplomatic Appointments* Current Notes on International Affairs Vol 41 No 9 (September 1970) page 493. Retrieved 18 January 2024.</ref>	See Australia–Luxembourg relations Australia and Luxembourg formalized diplomatic relations in September 1970 with the first appointment of Australia's ambassador in Brussels as non-resident ambassador to Luxembourg. The first ambassador presented credentials on 13 October 1970. Since then Australia has remained represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels. Luxembourg is represented in Australia through the embassy of the Netherlands<ref>*Diplomatic and Consular Missions* Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (in French). Retrieved 5 August 2021</ref> in Canberra and through honorary consulates in Sydney and Melbourne. Trade and investment figure strongly in the bilateral relationship and ministerial visits between the countries have focused on this. Luxembourg ranks as Australia's seventh largest investor (stocks) at A$93 billion in 2021, with Foreign Direct Investments (stocks) of $10 billion in Australia. Two-way goods and services trade in 2020 was valued at A$185 million.<ref>*Luxembourg Country Brief* Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 18 January 2024.</ref> There is a reciprocal working holiday visa scheme between the two countries.
Template:Flag	3 December 1970	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Relations by organization

United Nations

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See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Luxembourg
• List of diplomatic missions of Luxembourg
• List of ambassadors to Luxembourg
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Luxembourg)

Further reading

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External links

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg Template:Webarchive
• Australia Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade about the relations with Luxembourg Template:Webarchive
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