Foreign relations of Nigeria

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Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Since independence, with Jaja Wachuku as the first Minister for Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, later called External Affairs, Nigerian foreign policy has been characterised by a focus on Africa as a regional power and by attachment to several fundamental principles: African unity and independence; capability to exercise hegemonic influence in the region: peaceful settlement of disputes; non-alignment and non-intentional interference in the internal affairs of other nations; and regional economic cooperation and development.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In carrying out these principles, Nigeria participates in the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Non-Aligned Movement, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations.

Nigeria and International Organisations

Nigeria is a member of the following organizations:

The Babangida regime joined the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC, now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation), though President Obasanjo has indicated he might reconsider Nigeria's membership.comments are being made for Nigeria to establish more bilateral relations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Nigeria maintains diplomatic relations with:

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Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag See Angola–Nigeria relations

Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the African Union and other multilateral organizations.

The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples.

  • Angola has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Flag See Cameroon-Nigeria relations

A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich Bakassi Peninsula was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the Greentree Agreement which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013.<ref>Library of Congress, Cameroon; Nigeria: Bakassi Peninsula Transition Completed, Aug 13 2013, https://www.loc.gov/lawweb/servlet/lloc_news?disp3_l205403677_text</ref> Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998.

  • Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Yaoundé, a consulate-general in Douala and a consulate in Buea.
Template:Flag See Chad–Nigeria relations

Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties.

  • Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Template:Flag Template:Main
  • Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
Template:Flag 1 October 1960 See Ghana–Nigeria relations

Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed Limann in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries.<ref name="cs">Owusu, Maxwell. "Nigeria". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.[1]</ref>

In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General Ibrahim Babangida to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" />

Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" />

Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations.

  • Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Accra.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Template:Flag See Kenya–Nigeria relations
Template:Flag

Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010.<ref name="Xinhua">Template:Cite news</ref> The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. <ref name="BBCnews">Template:Cite news</ref> Gaddafi had made the suggestion in light of recent violence between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews"/> In addition Gaddafi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews"/>

The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews"/> The Nigerian National Assembly has requested that the government ask the United Nations to prohibit Gaddafi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua"/> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an African Union investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

  • Libya has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Tripoli.
Template:Flag 29 November 1969 See Malawi–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

  • Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Lilongwe.
Template:Flag 28 March 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Namibia has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Windhoek.
Template:Flag 8 June 1961 See Niger–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large Hausa minority on each side of their 1500 km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state.<ref>William F. S. Miles. Development, not division: local versus external perceptions of the Niger-Nigeria boundary. The Journal of Modern African Studies (2005), 43:2:297-320</ref> The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger.<ref>INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN SHARED CATCHMENTS BETWEEN NIGERIA AND NIGER Template:Webarchive EGEF Council Documents, MFA Regional Annex, 2006.</ref>

  • Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Niamey.
Template:Flag 21 February 1994 See Nigeria–South Africa relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

  • Nigeria has a high commission in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Johannesburg.
  • South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 24 April 1970 See Barbados–Nigeria relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2006 the Governor Otunba Gbenga Daniel of the Nigerian state of Ogun announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Flag 16 August 1961 See Brazil–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade.

  • Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Brasília.
Template:Flag 1 October 1960 See Canada–Nigeria relations
Template:Flag 14 April 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See Mexico–Nigeria relations

Template:Flag 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See Nigeria–United States relations

After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of human rights abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995.

After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good.

The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in Sub-Saharan Africa.

As a member of the International Criminal Court Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated.

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 11 March 1992 See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations
  • Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
Template:Flag 3 January 1976 See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the OIC and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as Next Eleven economies.

  • Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Dhaka.
Template:Flag 10 February 1971 See China–Nigeria relations

Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971.<ref name="ng.china-embassy.gov.cn"/> Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support.<ref name="BBC2">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="BBC">Template:Cite news</ref> In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President Hu Jintao made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the National Assembly of Nigeria. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership.<ref name="CJ">Template:Cite journal</ref> China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council.<ref name="ON">Template:Cite web</ref> In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

  • China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.
Template:Flag See India–Nigeria relations

The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's crude oil needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa.

  • India has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in New Delhi.
Template:Flag 5 March 1965 See Indonesia–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965<ref name="auto4"/>

  • Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Jakarta.
Template:Flag 1 October 1960 See Israel–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960.<ref name="Government Printer"/> Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better.

  • Israel has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
Template:Flag See Japan-Nigeria relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Tokyo.
Template:Flag 1976 See Nigeria–North Korea relations
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Pyongyang which closed in 2021.<ref name="tass.com">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • North Korea has an embassy in Abuja
Template:Flag See Malaysia–Nigeria relations
  • Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur.
Template:Flag 22 March 1961 See Nigeria–Pakistan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 March 1961<ref name="Africa"/>

Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, Abuja, Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during Africa Endeavour 2008.

The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie"<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

  • Nigeria has a high commission in Islamabad.
  • Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja.
Template:Flag 1 August 1962 See Nigeria–Philippines relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Manila.
  • Philippines has an embassy in Abuja.
Template:Flag 22 January 1980

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Abuja.
Template:Flag 16 February 1961 See Nigeria–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Chargé d'Affaires.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Flag 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960<ref name="auswaertiges-amt.de"/>

See Germany-Nigeria relations

Template:Flag See Greece-Nigeria relations

Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling.<ref name=bbcTanker>Template:Cite news</ref> There is a small Greek business community in Lagos.<ref name=MFAgr>Template:Cite web</ref>

  • Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Athens.
Template:Flag 30 May 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See Nigeria–Poland relations

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Abuja.
Template:Flag See Nigeria–Russia relations
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
Template:Flag 10 February 1961 See Nigeria–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Abuja.
Template:Flag 3 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Abuja.
Template:Flag 1 October 1960 See Nigeria–United Kingdom relations

Nigeria established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 1 October 1960.<ref name="britain"/>

British Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Nigerian Foreign Minister Yusuf Tuggar in Abuja, November 2024.

The UK governed Nigeria from 1862 to 1960, when Nigeria achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> an Enhanced Trade and Investment Partnership,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and a Security and Defence Partnership.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

References

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Template:Foreign relations of Nigeria Template:Nigeria topics Template:Africa in topic Template:Authority control

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