Ganzhou

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{{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Infobox settlement

Ganzhou (Template:Zh), alternately romanized as Kanchow, is a prefecture-level city in the south of Jiangxi province, China, bordering Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, and Hunan to the west.<ref name="cctv1">Template:Cite web</ref> Its administrative seat is at Zhanggong District.

History

Early settlement and administration

In 201 CE, Emperor Gaozu of Han established a county in the territory of modern Ganzhou.Template:Citation needed In 236 CE, during the Three Kingdoms period, the Template:Interlanguage link was established in the area.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> In the early years, Han Chinese settlement and authority in the area was minimal and largely restricted to the Gan River basin.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Citation needed The river, a tributary of the Yangtze via Poyang Lake, provided a route of communication from the north as well as irrigation for rice farming.Template:Citation needed

Sui dynasty

In 589 CE, during the Sui dynasty, the Template:Interlanguage link was abolished, and the area was reorganized as Qianzhou.<ref name=":0" /> During the Song, immigration from the north bolstered the local population and drove local aboriginal tribes into admixing with the northerners.Template:Citation needed After the fall of the capital to the Jin in 1126 in the Jingkang Incident, immigration increased dramatically.Template:Citation needed

Song dynasty

In 1153, under the Southern Song, Qianzhou was abolished, and re-organized as Ganzhou, the same name as the present-day city.<ref name=":0" />

Yuan dynasty

In 1277, under the Yuan dynasty, the area was reorganized as Template:Interlanguage link.<ref name=":0" /> Near the end of the Yuan dynasty, in 1365, Ganzhou Circuit was reorganized again as Template:Interlanguage link, which it remained until 1912.<ref name=":0" />

Qing dynasty

During the late 1800s Ganzhou was opened as one of the southern treaty ports and became a minor base for foreign companies.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Republic of China

In 1912, the Republic of China abolished the area's dynasty-era subdivisions, replacing them all with counties administered by the provincial government of Jiangxi.<ref name=":0" /> In 1914, the province of Jiangxi was divided into four circuits (Template:Lang-zh), one of which being Template:Interlanguage link, which ruled the area of present-day Ganzhou.<ref name=":0" /> In 1926, Gannan Circuit was abolished, and its counties were again directly administered by the Jiangxi provincial government.<ref name=":0" /> In 1932, the province established Template:Interlanguage link, and the area of present-day Ganzhou was split between the 9th, 11th, 12th, and 13th Administrative Inspectorates.<ref name=":0" /> In subsequent years, the area would be reorganized to be divided between various Administrative Inspectorates.<ref name=":0" />

Chinese Soviet Republic

Beginning in 1928, the Chinese Communist Party began operating in the area, and by June 1930, a local soviet had formed and began governing a number of counties in the region.<ref name=":0" /> In November 1931, the Chinese Soviet Republic was proclaimed in Template:Interlanguage link, in the then-county of Ruijin.<ref name=":0" /> During the subsequent years, Ganzhou was governed by the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet.<ref name=":0" /> Beginning in February 1934, Communist Party forces in the area began to lose territory to Kuomintang forces (Fifth encirclement).<ref name=":0" /> From then until March 1935, the Soviet gradually lost territory with only five northeastern counties left in Ganzhou as of early October 1934 until it collapsed.<ref name=":0" />

Gannan New Deal

Chiang Ching-kuo in Ganzhou

Between 1939 and 1945, Chiang Ching-kuo, son of Chiang Kai-shek, was appointed by the Government of the Republic of China as commissioner of Ganzhou Prefecture (mountain South), then the name of the surrounding regions of Ganzhou. There he banned opium smoking, gambling and prostitution, studied governmental management, allowed for economic expansion and a change in social outlook. His efforts were hailed as a miracle in the political war in China, then coined as the "Gannan New Deal" (Template:Lang-zh). During his time in Gannan, from 1940 he implemented a "public information desk" where ordinary people could visit him if they had problems, and according to records, Chiang Ching-kuo received a total of 1,023 people during such sessions in 1942. In regards to the ban on prostitution and closing of brothels, Chiang implemented a policy where former prostitutes became employed in factories. Due to the large number of refugees in Ganzhou as a result from the ongoing war, thousands of orphans lived on the street; in June 1942, Chiang Ching-kuo formally established the Chinese Children's Village (Template:Lang-zh) in the outskirts of Ganzhou, with facilities such as a nursery, kindergarten, primary school, hospital and gymnasium.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

People's Republic of China

On August 14, 1949, the People's Liberation Army established control of Gan County.<ref name=":0" /> In June 1951, Ganzhou Prefecture (Template:Lang-zh) was established.<ref name=":0" />

In February 1999, Ganzhou was changed from a prefecture to a prefecture-level city.<ref name=":0" />

Administration

File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ng50-9.jpg
Map including Ganzhou (labeled as KAN-HSIEN Template:Lang) (AMS, 1954)

Ganzhou has jurisdiction over 3 districts, 2 county-level cities, 13 counties:

District
County-level cities
Counties
Map

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Geography

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The Tongtianyan Grottoes (Template:Lang) in Ganzhou

Ganzhou is located in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River, in the south of Jiangxi Province, referred to as Gannan.<ref name="cctv1" />The geographical coordinates of Ganzhou City are 114.93° east longitude and 25.83° north latitude.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Ganzhou is a large city covering the southern third of Jiangxi, with an area of Template:Convert. More than 70% of its administrative area is forested, and over 83% is also mountainous. Several of the major tributaries of the Gan River, Ganzhou's namesake, join at a confluence in the center of the city. Bordering prefecture-level cities are:

Fujian:

Guangdong:

Hunan:

Jiangxi:

Climate

Ganzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) affected by the East Asian monsoon, with long, humid, very hot summers and cool and drier winters with occasional cold snaps.<ref name="cctv1" />The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from Template:Convert in January to Template:Convert in July, with an annual average of Template:Convert. The average annual precipitation is around Template:Convert. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 20% in March to 62% in July, the city receives 1,778 hours of bright sunshine annually. Winter begins somewhat sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and cloudier; spring begins especially gloomy, and from March to June each of the months averages more than Template:Convert of rainfall. After the heavy rains subside in June, summer is especially sunny. Autumn is warm and relatively dry.

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Demographics

Ganzhou has a total population of 7.94 million, mainly composed of Han, She, Hui, Manchu, Mongolian, Zhuang and other ethnic groups.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Its population was 8,970,014 at the 2020 Chinese census whom 2,588,060 in the built-up (or metro) area made of Zhanggong, Nankang, and Ganxian Districts.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

As of 2019, Ganzhou's birth rate is 12.96 per 1,000.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>

Economy

As of 2021, Ganzhou's gross domestic product (GDP) totaled ¥416.9 billion, an 9.5% increase from the previous year.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref> Of this, ¥37.632 billion (10.83%) came from the city's primary sector, ¥136.819 billion (39.38%) came from the city's secondary sector, and ¥172.983 billion came (49.79%) from the city's tertiary sector.<ref name=":2" /> The city's GDP per capita totaled ¥35,341.74.<ref name=":2" />

As of 2019, the per capita disposable income of the Ganzhou's urban residents totaled ¥34,826, and the per capita disposable income of the Ganzhou's rural residents totaled ¥11,941.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2011, Ganzhou's gross domestic product totaled ¥133.598 billion.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Tourism

File:Bajing Pavilion.jpg
Bajing Pavilion in Ganzhou

Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World"<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> as well as the "Tungsten Capital of the World".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The world's largest mechanical clock is located in Ganzhou called the Harmony Clock Tower,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> which was manufactured by UK-based clockmakers Smith of Derby Group. Though encircled by mountain scenery, other notable attractions in Jiangxi are Jingdezhen, Nanchang and Lushan among others.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Some of the places of interest in Ganzhou include:

Zhanggong has a city wall dating to the Song dynasty, as well as a number of pavilions and Buddhist and Taoist temples from the Ming and Qing. Altogether there are some 17 National Cultural Relic Protection Units in Ganzhou and 48 Provincial-level Cultural Relic Protection Units.

Media

Ganzhou Daily covers news about Ganzhou.

Transportation

Roads and highways

Railway

File:Ganzhou Railway Station 2016.06.17 07-42-21.jpg
Ganzhou Railway Station.

The Beijing-Jiulong Railway goes through Ganzhou from north to south, and it meets the Ganzhou–Longyan Railway (Ganlong line) at East Ganzhou Railway Station in Zhanggong District.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Nanchang–Shenzhen high-speed railway is under construction. The Ganzhou–Shenzhen high-speed railway opened on 10 December 2021 and connects Ganzhou with Shenzhen.

Major railway stations in Ganzhou are:

  • Ganzhou, Xingguo, Nankang, Xinfeng, Longnan and Dingnan (Beijing-Jiulong Railway)
  • Ganxian, Yudu, Huichang, Ruijin (Ganzhou-Longyan Railway)

Air

File:Ganzhou Huangjin Airport - Terminal Building.jpg
The terminal building of Ganzhou Huangjin Airport.

The new Ganzhou Huangjin Airport, located in Nankang, was opened on March 26, 2008. Its name inherited from the old Huangjin Airport in Huangjin Town, Zhanggong District, which was closed since it was too close to the expanding Ganzhou urban area. It has domestic routes to Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Nanchang, Xiamen, Nanjing, Shanghai, Nanning, Chongqing and Beijing.

Notable people

  • Nobel Laureate Gao Xingjian (Nobel Prize for literature in 2000) was born in Ganzhou.
  • Artist Hu Zhiying was born November 12, 1959, in Ganzhou.
  • Actress Zhu Xijuan was born in Ganzhou.
  • Professor Li Peng was born in Ganzhou.

Sister cities

Notes

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