Gaston Thorn

Gaston Egmond Thorn (3 September 1928Template:Spaced ndash26 August 2007)<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> was a Luxembourgish politician who served in a number of high-profile positions, both domestically and internationally. He most prominently served as prime minister of Luxembourg (1974–1979), President of the United Nations General Assembly (1975), and president of the European Commission (1981–1985).

Life and career

Thorn with U.S. president Gerald Ford in the Oval Office, 1975

Thorn was born in Luxembourg City. His early childhood, however, was spent in Strasbourg, where his father worked for the French railways.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite news</ref> At the outbreak of World War II the family returned to Luxembourg.<ref name=":2" /> While still at school he engaged in resistance activities during the German occupation, and spent several months in prison. After the war, he initially studied medicine in Montpellier, then switched to law, and continued his studies in Lausanne and Paris,<ref name=":2" /> and practised law in Luxembourg from 1955.<ref name=":1">Thewes, Guy. "Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché depuis 1848." Template:Webarchive Service information et presse. Luxembourg: Imprimerie Centrale, 2011.</ref> In 1957, he married Liliane Petit, a journalist.<ref name=":2" /> He entered politics in 1959, representing the liberal Democratic Party. He was a member of the European Parliament from 1959 to 1969.<ref name=":0" /> He was Chairman of the Democratic Party from 1962 to 1969.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> From 1961 to 1963, he was one of the aldermen of the City of Luxembourg.<ref name=":1" />

Thorn was Foreign Minister and Foreign Trade Minister of Luxembourg from 1969 to 1980, Prime Minister from 1974 to 1979 and Minister of Economics from 1977 to 1980. He was also President of the United Nations General Assembly from 1975 to 1976 for its 30th session.<ref name=":1" />

As Prime Minister from 1974 to 1979, he presided over a socialist-liberal coalition between his own Democratic Party and the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party. This was the first Luxembourg government since World War II that did not involve the dominant Christian Social People's Party (CSV), and similarly, he was the first non-CSV prime minister since the war. He was the head of government even though his party had fewer seats in the legislature than its coalition partner.

European Commission

Thorn (second from the left) at the 1983 G7 summit

In 1980, Thorn was chosen as president of the commission of the European Communities (now called the European Union), in succession to Roy Jenkins. He took office on 12 January 1981. France and Britain had been against his appointment as commission president, whereas his candidature was supported by the smaller countries and by West Germany because of Luxembourg's involvement in building up the commission.<ref name=":0" />

His presidency was marked by several difficulties. It coincided with a time of economic and political crisis, of Eurosclerosis, inside the European Community.<ref name=":0" /> Relations between the commission and British government under Margaret Thatcher declined, over her demands that Britain should be compensated by other countries for its share of payments towards the commission budget.<ref name=":0" /> There was also tension due to other EC governments' reservations about Britain's role in the Falklands War; and due to some European leaders' opposition to United States foreign policy and the deployment of cruise missiles and Pershing missiles in Europe.<ref name=":0" /> This was in addition to the long-running international recession and occasional threats of trade wars. This all "combined to put the aspirations of Thorn and other supporters of European integration on hold".<ref name=":0" /> However, as EC President, Thorn did manage to reach agreement on a common fisheries policy, and laid the basis for Portugal and Spain joining the European Community. Greece had just joined when his mandate started in 1981.<ref name=":0" />

Although Thorn was not considered a very forceful commission president, during his term of office, the commission continued to expand its power, both at the expense of the national governments of EC members and of the European Parliament, with which it engaged in a constant power struggle. In this, Thorn laid the groundwork for his successor Jacques Delors, who took the commission to the height of its power.

Post-Presidency

After leaving the commission presidency in 1985, Thorn went into business. He was chairman of Luxembourg's largest media company CLT,<ref name=":0" /> and president of the Banque Internationale à Luxembourg from 1985 to 1999.<ref name=":1" />

Thorn remained active in international and political affairs, as President of the International European Movement and as a member of the Trilateral Commission, the Bilderberg conference<ref name=":0" /> and of the Jean Monnet Committee. He was also president of the Liberal International. He was married to Liliane Thorn-Petit (1933–2008), a journalist, with whom he had one son.<ref name=":2" />

Honours

• Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau<ref name=":2" />
• Grand Cross of the Pian Order<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour<ref name=":2" />
• Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order<ref name=":2" />
• Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George<ref name=":2" />

See also

• List of prime ministers of Luxembourg
• Thorn Ministry
• Werner-Thorn Ministry

Sources

• Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 28 August 2007Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore

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