List of prime ministers of Luxembourg

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox official post Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists The prime minister of Luxembourg (Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is the head of government of Luxembourg. The prime minister leads the executive branch, chairs the Cabinet and appoints its ministers.

Since 1989, the title of Prime Minister has been an official one,<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 209</ref> although the head of the government had been unofficially known by that name for some time. Between 1857 and 1989, the prime minister was styled the President of the Government,<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 21</ref> with the exception of the 25-day premiership of Mathias Mongenast.<ref name="Thewes 2003, p. 65">Thewes (2003), p. 65</ref> Before 1857, the prime minister was the President of the Council. In addition to these titles, the prime minister uses the title Minister of State, although this is usually relegated to a secondary title.

This is a list of prime ministers and governments since the post was founded, in 1848. In larger font are the dates of the prime ministers entering and leaving office. The smaller dates, during the respective premierships, are those of the prime ministers' governments. Luxembourg has a collegial governmental system; often, the government will present its resignation, only for the successor government to include many, if not most, of the previous ministers serving under the same prime minister. Each of the smaller dates reflects a change in the government without a change of prime minister.

Era of independents (1848–1918)

From the promulgation of the first constitution, in 1848, until the early twentieth century, Luxembourgish politics was dominated by independent politicians and statesmen.<ref name="Thewes 2003, p.8">Thewes (2003), p. 8</ref> The prerogative powers of the grand duke remained undiluted, and, as such, the monarch actively chose and personally appointed the prime minister. As a result, the prime minister was often a moderate, without any strong affiliation no to either of the two major ideological factions in the Chamber of Deputies: the secularist liberals and the Catholic conservatives.

In the early twentieth century, the emergence of socialism as a third force in Luxembourgish politics ended the dominance of independents, and further politicised the government of the country.<ref name="Thewes 2003, p.8"/> This did not affect the prime minister's position until 1915, when the long-serving Paul Eyschen died in office. His death created a struggle for power between the main factions, leading to the establishment of the formalised party system.<ref name="Thewes 2003, p. 64">Thewes (2003), p. 64</ref>

Prime ministers from 1848 to 1890

Name Template:Small		Portrait	Term of office			Monarch Template:Small
			Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" |1	Gaspard-Théodore-Ignace de la Fontaine Template:Small	File:Gaspard De La Fontaine.jpg	1 August 1848		6 December 1848	Willem II File:WillemIINL3.jpg Template:Small
Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 16</ref>
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" |2	Jean-Jacques Madeleine Willmar Template:Small	File:Jean-Jacques Willmar.jpg	6 December 1848		23 September 1853	Willem III File:Willem III (1817-90), koning der Nederlanden, Nicolaas Pieneman, 1856 - Rijksmuseum.jpg Template:Small
Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 20</ref>
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" |3	Charles-Mathias Simons Template:Small	File:Mathias Simon.JPG	Template:Small	23 September 1853 Template:Small	Template:Small 26 September 1860
Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 28</ref>
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" |4	Victor, Baron de Tornaco Template:Small	File:Victor de Tornaco.jpg	Template:Small	26 September 1860 Template:Small	Template:Small 3 December 1867
Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 34</ref>
rowspan=2 style="background-color: Template:Party color" |5	Lambert Joseph Emmanuel Servais Template:Small	File:Emmanuel Servais by Bernhoeft-101-cropped 002.jpg	Template:Small	3 December 1867 Template:Small	Template:Small 26 December 1874
Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 42</ref>
rowspan=2 style="background-color: Template:Party color" |6	Félix, Baron de Blochausen Template:Small	File:Blochausenfelix.jpg	Template:Small	26 December 1874 Template:Small	Template:Small 20 February 1885
Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 48</ref>
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" |7	Jules Georges Édouard Thilges Template:Small	File:Edouard Thilges.jpg	20 February 1885		22 September 1888
Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 52</ref>

The Kingdom of the Netherlands shared the same monarchs with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg from 1815 to 1890. The Grand Duchy has had its own monarchs since 1890.

Prime ministers from 1890 to 1918

Name Template:Small		Portrait	Term of office			Monarch Template:Small
			Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" |8	Paul Eyschen Template:Small	File:Paul Eyschen photograph by Grieser.jpg	Template:Small	22 September 1888 Template:Small	Template:Small 11 October 1915	Adolphe File:Adolfluxembourg1817-6.jpg Template:Small Guillaume IV File:Guillaume IV of Luxembourg.png Template:Small
Template:Small<ref name="Thewes 2003, p. 64"/>
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" |9	Mathias Mongenast Template:Small	File:Mongenast Mathias.jpg	12 October 1915		6 November 1915	Marie-Adélaïde File:Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg 2.jpg Template:Small
Template:Small<ref name="Thewes 2003, p. 65"/>
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" |10	Hubert Loutsch Template:Small	File:Hubert Loutsch (1878-1946).jpg	6 November 1915		24 February 1916
Template:Small<ref name="Thewes 2003, p. 66"/>
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" |11	Victor Thorn Template:Small	File:Victor Thorn (1844-1930).png	24 February 1916		19 June 1917
Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 69</ref>
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" |12	Léon Kauffman Template:Small	File:Léon Kauffman (1869-1952).jpg	19 June 1917		28 September 1918
Template:Small<ref name="Thewes 2003, p. 76">Thewes (2003), p. 76</ref>

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Party system (1918–present)

In 1918, towards the end of World War I, a new Chamber of Deputies was elected with the explicit ambition of reviewing the constitution.<ref name="Thewes 2003, p. 76"/> To this end, formalised parties were formed by the main political blocs, so as to increase their bargaining power in the negotiations. The revisions to the constitution introduced universal suffrage and compulsory voting, adopted proportional representation, and limited the sovereignty of the monarch.

Since the foundation of the party system, only one cabinet (between 1921 and 1925) has not included members of more than one party. Most of the time, governments are grand coalitions of the two largest parties, no matter their ideology; this has made Luxembourg one of the most stable democracies in the world.<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Template:Dead link</ref> Two cabinets (between 1945 and 1947) included members of every party represented in the Chamber of Deputies.

During the occupation of Luxembourg by Nazi Germany in World War II, Luxembourg was governed by a Nazi Party official, Gustav Simon. Pierre Dupong continued to lead the government in exile in the United Kingdom until the liberation of Luxembourg in December 1944, whereupon the constitutional Luxembourg government returned to the Grand Duchy. Thus, although Luxembourg was formally annexed on 30 August 1942, the prime minister of the government in exile, Pierre Dupong, is assumed to have remained prime minister throughout.

Prime ministers since 1918

Political Party: Template:Legend2 Template:Legend2 Template:Legend2 Template:Legend2

No.	Name Template:Small	Portrait	Political party		Term of office			Government	Coalition	Monarch Template:Small
					Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small
13	Émile Reuter Template:Small	File:Luxemburger-Wort-1946.07.23-p1-Emile-Reuter-2.jpg	rowspan="3" style="width:1%; background-color:Template:Party color;" |	PD	Template:Small	28 September 1918 Template:Small	Template:Small 20 March 1925	Template:Small	Template:Small	Marie-Adélaïde File:Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg 2.jpg Template:Small
			Charlotte File:Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.jpg Template:Small
					Template:Small<ref name="Thewes 2003, p. 76" /> Only one-party cabinet 1921–1925. Resigned.<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 88</ref>
14	Pierre Prüm Template:Small	File:Pierre Prüm (1886-1950).jpg		rowspan="2" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	PNI	Template:Small	20 March 1925	16 July 1926	Template:Small	Template:Small
				Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 90</ref>
15	Joseph Bech Template:Small (1st time)	File:Joseph Bech (detail).jpg		rowspan="2" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	PD	Template:Small	16 July 1926 Template:Small	Template:Small 5 November 1937	Template:Small	Template:Small
				Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 104</ref>
16	Pierre Dupong Template:Small	File:Pierre Dupong, Benelux conference The Hague March 1949, Luxembourg Delegation.jpg		rowspan="2" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	PD	Template:Small	5 November 1937 Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small
				Template:Small		Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small
				rowspan="5" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	CSV	Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small
				Template:Small		Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small
				Template:Small		Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small
				Template:Small		Template:Small	23 December 1953	Template:Small	Template:Small
				Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 107</ref> Emergency government; Nazi occupation; government in exile. Liberation Governments;<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 115</ref> neutrality ended.<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 118</ref> National Union Governments.<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 122</ref> Died in office.<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 140</ref>
17	Joseph Bech Template:Small (2nd time)	File:Joseph Bech - 1967 (cropped).jpg		rowspan="2" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	CSV	Template:Small	29 December 1953 Template:Small	Template:Small 29 March 1958	Template:Small	Template:Small
				Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 148</ref>
18	Pierre Frieden Template:Small	File:Jean-Pierre Beckius, Portrait du professeur Frieden (1933).jpg		rowspan="2" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	CSV	Template:Small	29 March 1958	23 February 1959	Template:Small	Template:Small
				Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 151</ref>
19	Pierre Werner Template:Small (1st time)	File:Pierre Werner 1970 (cropped).jpg		rowspan="4" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	CSV	Template:Small	2 March 1959	Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small
			Template:Small	Template:Small		Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small	Jean File:GD Jean 1994 (cropped).jpg Template:Small
			Template:Small	Template:Small		Template:Small 15 June 1974	Template:Small	Template:Small
			Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 182</ref>
20	Gaston Egmond Thorn Template:Small	File:Thorn Van Agt 1980 cropped.jpg	rowspan="2" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	DP	Template:Small	15 June 1974 Template:Small	Template:Small 16 July 1979	Template:Small		Template:Small
			Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 192</ref>
21	Pierre Werner Template:Small (2nd time)	File:Pierre Werner 204g (cropped).jpg	rowspan="3" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	CSV	Template:Small	16 July 1979 Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small		Template:Small
			Template:Small		Template:Small	Template:Small 20 July 1984	Template:Small
			Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 204</ref>
22	Jacques Santer Template:Small	File:Jacques Santer 1995.jpg	rowspan="4" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	CSV	Template:Small	20 July 1984	Template:Small	Template:Small		Template:Small
			Template:Small		Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small
			Template:Small		Template:Small	26 January 1995	Template:Small
			Template:Small<ref>Thewes (2003), p. 222</ref>
23	Jean-Claude Juncker Template:Small	File:Juncker 2006 (cropped).jpg	rowspan="5" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	CSV	Template:Small	26 January 1995 Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small		Template:Small
			Template:Small		Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small	Henri File:Trounwiessel 2025 EP (101) (cropped).jpg Template:Small
			Template:Small		Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small	Template:Small
			Template:Small		Template:Small	4 December 2013	Template:Small
			Template:Small
24	Xavier Bettel Template:Small	File:Tallinn Digital Summit. Handshake Xavier Bettel and Jüri Ratas (36718144533) CROP BETTEL.jpg	rowspan="2" style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	DP	Template:Small	4 December 2013	Template:Small	Template:Small		Template:Small
			Template:Small		Template:Small	17 November 2023	Template:Small
25	Luc Frieden Template:Small	File:Luc Frieden EU Retreat 2025 (cropped).jpg	rowspan="2" style="background-color:Template:Party color|	CSV	Template:Small	17 November 2023	Template:Small	Template:Small		Template:Small
			Guillaume V File:Trounwiessel 2025 EP (115) (cropped).jpg Template:Small

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 from: 06/12/1848 till: 23/09/1853 color:Independent text:"Jean-Jacques Willmar"
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 from: 22/09/1888 till: 11/10/1915 color:Independent text:"Paul Eyschen"
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 from: 23/11/1944 till: 23/12/1953 color:Christian   text:"Pierre Dupong"
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 from: 29/03/1958 till: 23/02/1959 color:Christian   text:"Pierre Frieden"
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 from: 17/11/2023 till: $today     color:Christian   text:"Luc Frieden"

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See also

• List of monarchs of Luxembourg
• Lists of office-holders
• List of presidents of the Council of State of Luxembourg

References

Specific

Bibliography

• Template:Cite book
• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}

External links

• Website of the Prime Minister of Luxembourg
• Website of the Luxembourg Government