George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan

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George Charles Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, Template:Postnominals (16 April 1800 – 10 November 1888), styled Lord Bingham before 1839, was an Anglo-Irish peer and military officer. He was one of three men, along with Louis Nolan and Lord Raglan, responsible for the fateful order during the Battle of Balaclava in October 1854 that led to the Light Brigade commander, the Earl of Cardigan, leading the Charge of the Light Brigade. He was subsequently promoted to field marshal. He was a ruthless landlord during the Great Famine in Ireland, evicting thousands of his tenants and renting his land to wealthy ranchers. He also came up with a solution that allowed Jews to sit in Parliament.

Life and military career

George, Lord Bingham, at age 14, painted by his sister Elizabeth Harcourt

Born the first son of Richard Bingham, 2nd Earl of Lucan, an Anglo-Irish peer, and Elizabeth Bingham (née Belasyse), Lord Bingham (as he was styled up until late June 1839) attended Westminster School but left formal education to be commissioned as an ensign in the 6th Regiment of Foot on 29 August 1816.<ref name=odnb>Template:Cite ODNB</ref> He transferred to the 11th Light Dragoons on 24 December 1818.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

Lord Bingham became a lieutenant in the 8th Regiment of Foot on 20 January 1820, a captain in the 74th Regiment of Foot on 16 May 1822 and was promoted to major, unattached, on 23 June 1825.<ref name=heath41>Heathcote, p. 41</ref> He transferred to the 17th Lancers on 1 December 1825 and became commanding officer of the regiment with the rank of lieutenant colonel on 9 November 1826; he lavished such expense on his officers' uniforms and horses that the officers became known as "Bingham's Dandies".<ref name=heath41/> He was also elected as MP for County Mayo in 1826<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> and held that seat until 1830.<ref name=heath41/> During the Russo-Turkish War, which began in 1828, he acted observer with the Imperial Russian Army.<ref name=heath41/>

'The Exterminator'

Lord Bingham succeeded his father as 3rd Earl of Lucan in the Peerage of Ireland on 30 June 1839 and, having become an Irish Representative Peer in June 1840<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> and having been promoted to colonel on 23 November 1841, he became Lord Lieutenant of Mayo in 1845.<ref name=odnb/> During the Great Famine in the late 1840s, he was ruthless and introduced mass evictions from villages such as Ballinrobe. Famously stating that he "would not breed paupers to pay priests," he demolished over 300 homes and evicted 2,000 people in Ballinrobe alone between 1846 and 1849. He even insisted on closing the workhouse in Castlebar at the height of the Famine. For this, Lord Bingham earned the hatred of many Irishmen and became known as "The Exterminator".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was promoted to major general on 11 November 1851.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

Crimean War

The Charge of the Light Brigade: it was Lucan who gave the order to Cardigan to lead the charge.

At the outbreak of the Crimean War, Lord Lucan applied for a post and was made commander of the Cavalry Division. His brother-in-law, the 7th Earl of Cardigan, was one of his subordinates, commanding the Light Brigade – an unfortunate choice as the two men heartily detested each other.<ref name=odnb/> Promoted to brevet lieutenant general on 18 August 1854,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> he was present at the Battle of Alma in September 1854 but, on the orders of the army commander, Lord Raglan, he held his division in reserve. This incident earned Lucan the undeserved, but persistent, nickname of "Lord Look-on".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=heath42>Heathcote, p. 42</ref>

At the Battle of Balaclava in October 1854, Lucan received an order from Raglan that the cavalry were to advance. Raglan's order stated that infantry would be in support, but none had arrived so Lucan did not comply.<ref name=SD403/> It was not until Raglan saw that Russian troops were about to capture some artillery pieces did he issue a further order, now requiring an "immediate" cavalry advance. At this point Lucan ordered Cardigan to lead the Light Brigade forward, and the Charge of the Light Brigade commenced. Lucan in turn led the Heavy Brigade forward in support, at a more restrained pace. Both brigades came under heavy fire, and Lucan was slightly wounded.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> While the Light Brigade continued the charge as far as the enemy guns, receiving very heavy casualties and with no significant gain,<ref>Calthorpe, p. 132</ref> Lucan ordered the Heavy Brigade to retire.<ref name=SD403>Template:Cite book</ref> Raglan blamed Lucan for the loss ("You have lost the light brigade"), and censured him in despatches. Although Lucan complained against this censure, as the relationship between the army commander and the cavalry commander had clearly broken down, he was recalled to England, where he returned at the beginning of March 1855.<ref name=heath42/>

On his arrival, Lucan's demand for a court-martial was declined and instead he defended himself with a speech to the House of Lords on 19 March 1855, blaming Raglan and his deceased aide-de-camp, Captain Louis Nolan.<ref name=odnb/> This tactic appears to have been successful as he was subsequently appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 5 July 1855,<ref name=kcb>Template:London Gazette</ref> and colonel of the 8th Light Dragoons, who had charged with the Light Brigade, on 17 November 1855.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

Later life

Portrait by Francis Grant, c.1856

A significant contribution was made by Lucan to Parliament when he produced a solution to the problem of admitting Jews to Parliament. Prior to this, distinguished Jews had declined to take the oath "on the true faith of a Christian" and having not been sworn in as required by statute, were refused voting rights although having been elected an MP. Lucan proposed, by way of a compromise, that each House could decide and modify its own oath. The House of Lords, who had long opposed the admission of Jews, agreed to this. A prominent Jew, Lionel Nathan Rothschild, was thus allowed to enter the House of Commons and was sworn in on 26 July 1858.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Although Lucan never again saw active duty, he was promoted to lieutenant general on 24 December 1858,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> and, having become colonel of the 1st Regiment of Life Guards on 27 February 1865,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> he was to promoted to general on 28 August 1865 and advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1869.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref><ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> He formally retired in October 1877,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> but after some lobbying he was promoted to field marshal on 21 June 1887.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> He died at 13 South Street, Park Lane, London, on 10 November 1888 and was buried at Laleham in Middlesex.<ref name=odnb/>

Family

In 1829, Bingham married Lady Anne Brudenell, seventh daughter of Robert Brudenell, 6th Earl of Cardigan; they had six children, two daughters being still born or dying soon after birth:<ref name=odnb/>

References

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Sources

Further reading

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