Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond

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}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }}Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond, Template:Postnominals (né Lennox; 3 August 1791Template:Snd21 October 1860), styled the Earl of March from 1806–19, was a Scottish peer, soldier and prominent Conservative politician. Upon the death of his uncle in 1836, he inherited the Gordon estates and per the terms of the bequest, adopted thus additional surname. His near-complete correspondence is now held at the West Sussex Archives.<ref>Template:Citeweb</ref>

Early life

Gordon-Lennox was born in 1791, the son and heir of Charles Lennox (1764–1819) by his wife, Lady Charlotte Gordon, the eldest child of Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon. In 1806, his father inherited the Dukedom of Richmond from his uncle the third duke. From then until his father's death in 1819, Gordon-Lennox was styled Earl of March, a courtesy title, being one of his father's subsidiary titles.

Gordon-Lennox was educated at Westminster School in London and Trinity College, Dublin.<ref name="burkes">Mosley, Charles (ed.) Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition. (volume 3) Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003. p. 3335.</ref> In 1836, on inheriting the estates of his childless maternal uncle George Gordon, 5th Duke of Gordon, he was required by the terms of the bequest to assume the surname of Gordon before that of Lennox;<ref name=EB/> he duly took the surname Gordon-Lennox for himself and his issue, by royal licence dated 9 August 1836.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

Career

File:The Battle of the Pyrenees (painting).png

The Battle of the Pyrenees by John Singleton Copley, 1814. Richmond is shown to the right of the Duke of Wellington

As Earl of March, he served on Wellington's staff in the Peninsular War,<ref name=EB>{{#if: |

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  }}{{#ifeq:  ||}}</ref> during which time he volunteered to join the 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot's advance storming party on the fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo.<ref name="Moorsom">Moorsom, W.S. Historical Record of the Fifty-Second Regiment (Oxfordshire Light Infantry), London: Richard Bentley, 1860, p. 443</ref> He formally joined the 52nd Foot in 1813 and took command of a company of soldiers at the Battle of Orthez in 1814, where he was severely wounded;<ref name="burkes"/> the musket-ball in his chest was never removed.<ref name="Moorsom"/> During the Battle of Waterloo (1815) he was aide-de-camp to the Prince of Orange, and following the latter's wounding, served as aide-de-camp to Wellington.<ref>Georgiana, Dowager Lady De Ros. Template:Usurped, Template:Usurped, Template:Usurped July 2005. Originally published in Murray's Magazine 1889 Part I.</ref> He was chiefly responsible for the institution in 1847 of the Military General Service Medal for all survivors of the campaigns between 1793 and 1814, considered by many belated as hitherto there had only been a Waterloo Medal. He campaigned in Parliament and also enlisted the interest of Queen Victoria.<ref>Stanley C. Johnson,

A Guide to Naval, Military, Air-force and Civil Medals and Ribbons, 1921, pp. 57–60</ref> Richmond himself received the medal with eight clasps.<ref name="Moorsom"/>

On 19 October 1817, he reformed the Goodwood Troop of Yeomanry Artillery, originally raised by the 3rd Duke in 1797. The unit supported the cavalry of the Sussex Yeomanry but was disbanded in December 1827.<ref>L. Barlow & R.J. Smith, The Uniforms of the British Yeomanry Force 1794–1914, 1: The Sussex Yeomanry Cavalry, London: Robert Ogilby Trust/Tunbridge Wells: Midas Books, ca 1979, Template:ISBN, p. 7.</ref> Richmond was appointed Colonel of the Royal Sussex Light Infantry Militia on 4 December 1819, and Colonel-in-Chief of its offshoot the Royal Sussex Militia Artillery, on its formation in April 1853.<ref>Hart's Army List, 1855.</ref>

Political career

Richmond sat as a Member of Parliament for Chichester between 1812 and 1819.<ref name="EB"/> The latter year he succeeded his father in the dukedom and entered the House of Lords where he was a vehement opponent of Roman Catholic emancipation, and later was a leader of the opposition to Peel's free trade policy, as he was the president of the Central Agricultural Protection Society, which campaigned for the preservation of the Corn Laws. Although a vigorous Conservative and Ultra-Tory for most of his career, Richmond's anger with Wellington over Catholic Emancipation prompted him to lead the Ultras into joining Earl Grey's reforming Whig government in 1830 (Lang, 1999).<ref name=EB/>

He served under Grey as Postmaster General between 1830 and 1834.<ref name="burkes"/> He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1830,<ref>Template:Usurped</ref> and in 1831 was appointed to serve on the Government Commission upon Emigration, which was wound up in 1832.<ref name=stats1838>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Richmond was Lord Lieutenant of Sussex between 1835 and 1860 and was appointed a Knight of the Garter in 1829.<ref name="burkes"/><ref>Template:Usurped</ref>

Personal life

On 10 April 1817 he married Lady Caroline Paget (1797–1874), a daughter of Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey by his wife Lady Caroline Villiers. Together, they were the parents of five sons and five daughters, including:<ref name="burkes"/>

Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond (1818–1903), who married Frances Harriett Greville, daughter of Algernon Greville (the private secretary to the Duke of Wellington) and the former Charlotte Maria Cox, in 1843.<ref name="burkes"/>
Lady Caroline Amelia Gordon-Lennox (1819–1890), who married John Ponsonby, 5th Earl of Bessborough, the eldest son of John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough, and Lady Maria Fane (a daughter of the 10th Earl of Westmorland).<ref name = Dod>Template:Cite book</ref>
Lord Fitzroy George Charles Gordon-Lennox (1820–1841), lost at sea aboard Template:SS.<ref name="burkes"/>
Rt. Hon. Lord Henry Charles George Gordon-Lennox (1821–1886), MP for Chichester who served as First Secretary of the Admiralty and First Commissioner of Works; he married Amelia Susannah (née Smith, then Brooman), widow of John White, in 1883; he left no children.<ref name="burkes"/>
Captain Lord Alexander Francis Charles Gordon-Lennox (1825–1892), who married Emily Frances Towneley, daughter of Col. Charles Towneley, MP for Sligo Borough, and Lady Caroline Molyneux (a daughter of the 2nd Earl of Sefton), in 1863; he left children.<ref name="burkes"/>
Lady Augusta Catherine Gordon-Lennox (1827–1904), who married Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar, a son of Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Princess Ida of Saxe-Meiningen (sister to Queen Adelaide, wife of King William IV).<ref>The Times (14 October 1823): 3.</ref>
Lord George Charles Gordon-Lennox (1829–1877), MP for Lymington; he married Minnie (Template:Nee Palmer) Cook, a daughter of William Henry Palmer and widow of Edwin Adolphus Cook, in 1875; he left no children.<ref name="burkes"/>
Lady Cecilia Catherine Gordon-Lennox (1838–1910), who married Charles Bingham, 4th Earl of Lucan, the eldest son of George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan and Lady Anne Brudenell (a daughter of the 6th Earl of Cardigan).<ref name="burkes"/>

The Duke died at Portland Place, Marylebone, London, in October 1860, aged 69 and was succeeded in the dukedom by his eldest son Charles.<ref name="burkes"/>

Descendants

Through his youngest surviving daughter Cecilia, he is a direct ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales, and of her sons, Princes William, the Prince of Wales, and Harry, Duke of Sussex.

References

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Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond

Contents

Early life

Career

Political career

Personal life

Descendants

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Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond

Early life

Career

Political career

Personal life

Descendants

See also

References

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