Georgia on My Mind

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"Georgia on My Mind" is a 1930 song written by Hoagy Carmichael and Stuart Gorrell, and first recorded that same year by Carmichael at the RCA Victor Studios at 155 East 24th Street in New York City. The song has been most often associated with singer Ray Charles, who was a native of the U.S. state of Georgia in The South of the United States, and recorded it for his 1960 album The Genius Hits the Road.

In 1979, the State of Georgia through its General Assembly of Georgia (state legislature), designated Charles' version the official state song.<ref name="OfficialStateSong">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Resolution">Template:Cite news</ref> The song has become part of the Great American Songbook tradition.<ref name="standards">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

"Georgia on My Mind" has been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame twice. The first induction was in 1993 for the 1960 recording on the ABC-Paramount label by Charles. The second induction happened in 2014 for the earlier 1930 recording on the RCA Victor label by Carmichael and His Orchestra.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The original 1930 composition will enter the American public domain on January 1, 2026.Template:Efn

Background and original recording

It is generally asserted that composer Hoagy Carmichael wrote the song about his sister, Georgia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Fox">Template:Cite web</ref> However, Carmichael wrote in his memoir Sometimes I Wonder that saxophonist Frankie Trumbauer suggested he should write a song called "Georgia", stating that no one ever lost anything writing about the "South" - never mentioning his sister.

Trumbauer even gave him the first two words, "Georgia, Georgia...", which Carmichael ended up using while working later on the song with his roommate, Stuart Gorrell. Gorrell's name was absent from the copyright application papers submitted to the U.S. Copyright Office, but Carmichael sent him royalty checks afterwards anyway.<ref name="standards" />

Carmichael first recorded "Georgia on My Mind", with Bix Beiderbecke on cornet, in New York City on September 15, 1930.<ref name="standards" />

All four had no connection to the state of Georgia. Trumbauer was from Illinois, Carmichael and Gorrell were both from Indiana, and Beiderbecke was from Iowa.<ref name="Gioia 2021">Template:Cite book</ref>

Ray Charles version and Georgia state connection

Over the coming years, the song would be recorded by many artists: Louis Armstrong, Coleman Hawkins, Mildred Bailey. Decades later it would be recorded by "swing" artists like Fats Waller, Django Reinhart, and Ethel Waters and "big bands" like Artie Shaw and Glen Miller.

It was not till 1960 (30 years after its release), Ray Charles recorded his version of the song that went to No. 1 on the Billboard magazine Hot 100.<ref name="standards" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Charles' hit rendition would become the most widely-known version of the tune from this time on.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="standards" /><ref name="greatest">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Charles being born in Albany, Georgia along with his stellar performance, likely cemented the Georgia state connection.<ref name="Gioia 2021"/>

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Chart (1960–1961)	Peak position

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Chart (2013)	Peak position

In 1977, Robert Grossman, James Picker and Craig Whitaker created a clay animation short, Jimmy the C, in which U.S. President Jimmy Carter sings in Ray Charles' version of the song.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1979, the song was designated the State Song of Georgia, and Charles was invited to perform it at the state capitol.<ref name="Resolution" /><ref name=":0" />

The TV series Designing Women used an instrumental version of "Georgia on My Mind" as its opening theme. During the opening credits of the show's sixth season in 1991, Charles performed his version of the song live on piano while the show's main cast (Dixie Carter, Annie Potts, Julia Duffy, Jan Hooks and Meshach Taylor) watched him.

In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine named the Ray Charles version of "Georgia on My Mind" the 44th greatest song of all time.<ref name="standards" /><ref name="greatest" />

The original lyrics, including the commonly excised introductory verse, are in the Georgia Code under license.<ref name="OfficialStateSong" /><ref name="Resolution" />

Ella Fitzgerald version

In 1962, famed jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald released a rendition of the song, produced by Norman Granz, on the album Ella Swings Gently with Nelson.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Hawks/The Band version

The song was a standard at performances by Ronnie Hawkins and The Hawks,<ref name="standards" /> where it was sung by pianist Richard Manuel after 1964. When The Hawks broke up and formed The Band, they kept the song in their repertoire. They recorded a studio version of the song for Jimmy Carter's presidential bid in 1976. It was released as a single that year as well as on their 1977 album Islands.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Willie Nelson version

Willie Nelson recorded the song on Stardust, his 1978 album of standards.<ref name="standards" /> It was released as single, peaked at No. 1 for a single week, and ranked for sixteen weeks on Billboard’s country charts.<ref name="vcf">Template:Cite web</ref> Nelson's version won him a Grammy Award in 1979 at the 21st Annual Grammy Awards for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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Chart (1978)	Peak position
Canadian RPM Country Tracks	1
Canadian RPM Top Singles	86
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary Tracks	16

See also

• List of 1930s jazz standards
• Spirit of Atlanta Drum and Bugle Corps
• Atlanta CV Drum and Bugle Corps