Gil-galad
Template:Good article Template:Infobox character Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Gil-galad is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium, the last high king of the Noldor, one of the main divisions of Elves. He is mentioned in The Lord of the Rings, where the hobbit Sam Gamgee recites a fragment of a poem about him, and The Silmarillion. In the Last Alliance of Elves and Men, Gil-galad and Elendil laid siege to the Dark Lord Sauron's fortress of Barad-dûr, and fought him hand-to-hand for the One Ring. Gil-galad and Elendil were both killed, but Sauron was wounded. This allowed Elendil's son Isildur to cut the Ring from Sauron's hand, defeating Sauron, and to take the Ring for himself.
Gil-galad briefly appears at the opening of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, in several video games based on Middle-earth, and as a secondary character in the TV series The Rings of Power.
Appearances
Prose
Gil-galad was an Elf of a royal house of Beleriand; beyond that, accounts of his birth vary. According to The Silmarillion, he was born into the house of Finwë as a son of Fingon sometime in the First Age, and as a child, he was sent away during the Siege of Angband for safekeeping with Cirdan the shipwright in the Falas.<ref group=T>Template:Harvnb Chapter 18, "Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin"</ref> Alternatively, according to Tolkien's last word on the subject, he was a son of Orodreth, who became a son of Angrod, son of Finarfin. Christopher Tolkien rejected these changes for The Silmarillion, a decision he later regretted.<ref name="Shibboleth of Fëanor" group=T />
He became the High King of the Noldor-in-Exile in Beleriand after the fall of Gondolin and the death of the previous High King, Turgon.<ref group=T>Template:Harvnb Chapter 23, "Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin"</ref> After the War of Wrath and the end of the First Age, Gil-galad founded a realm in the coastal region of Lindon along the shores of Belegaer, the Great Sea. At its height, his realm extended eastward as far as the Misty Mountains.<ref name="Of the Rings of Power" group=T/> King Tar-Aldarion of Númenor presented Gil-galad with the gift of some seeds of the Mallorn tree; he in turn gave some to Galadriel, who grew them in the guarded land of Lothlórien.<ref name="A Description of Númenor" group=T>Template:Harvnb, Part II, Chapter 1 "A Description of Númenor"</ref> Gil-galad did not take a wife and had no children. He was the first of the Eldar to mistrust a stranger who called himself Annatar, and forbade him from entering Lindon. His mistrust was well founded, for Annatar was in fact Sauron.<ref name="Of the Rings of Power" group=T>Template:Harvnb "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"</ref> About the year 1600 of the Second Age, Sauron secretly forged the One Ring. Celebrimbor, the creator of the Three Rings, gave two of them, Narya and Vilya, to Gil-galad for safe-keeping once he knew Sauron's intention to take them. Gil-galad passed Narya to Cirdan the shipwright, who stated that this was only to keep it secret; Cirdan never used it. Gil-galad chose to give Vilya, and control of Eriador, to Elrond.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Galadriel and Celeborn" group=T>Template:Harvnb "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn"</ref> War broke out between the Elves and Sauron; Gil-galad asked the Númenóreans for help, and their king Tar-Minastir brought a great force, enabling Gil-galad to defeat Sauron's army.<ref name="Galadriel and Celeborn" group=T/>
After the Downfall of Númenor there was peace in Middle-earth. At the end of the Second Age, Sauron reappeared with a newly formed army and made war against the kingdom of Gondor, near his old home of Mordor. Gil-galad formed the Last Alliance of Elves and Men with the High King of Men, Elendil. The armies of Elves and Men entered Mordor and laid siege to Sauron's fortress of Barad-dûr. At the end of the siege, Sauron finally came forth and fought hand-to-hand against Gil-galad and Elendil on the slopes of Mount Doom, losing the One Ring but killing them both.<ref group=T>Template:Harvnb Appendix B, "The Second Age"</ref> A record left by Isildur in Minas Tirith implies that Sauron himself killed Gil-galad with the heat of his bare hands. Recalling the encounter at the Council of Elrond at Rivendell before the Fellowship took the One Ring south, Elrond said that only he and Círdan stood by Gil-galad in that fight.<ref name="Council of Elrond" group=T/>
Poetry
In The Fellowship of the Ring, on the way to Weathertop, Aragorn mentions Gil-galad, prompting the hobbit Sam Gamgee to recite a fragment, three stanzas, of "Gil-galad was an Elven-king":<ref name="Shippey 2013">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
Sam's companions are impressed, and ask for more; Sam admits that is all that he learnt from Bilbo. Aragorn says the fragment is a translation from "an ancient tongue" and suggests that the hobbits may hear the rest in Rivendell.<ref name="Knife in the Dark" group=T/> The Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey comments that the longer poem does not exist, and that Sam's fragment seems to have been composed while Tolkien was writing the chapter. He notes that it has the form of a ballad, each stanza being a quatrain in eulogy mode with end-rhymes in the rhyming pattern AABB/CCDD.<ref name="Shippey 2013"/>
Artefacts
Aeglos, the spear
Gil-galad's spear was named Aeglos or Aiglos,<ref name="burdge">Template:Cite book</ref> meaning "snow-point" or "snow-thorn" or more commonly "icicle"<ref group=T>Template:Harvnb p. 313</ref> (aeg: sharp, pointed; los: snow) because when orcs saw his spear, they would recognize it by its reputation to bring a cold death to them. Elrond said that at the battle of Dagorlad, "we had the mastery: for the Spear of Gil-galad and the Sword of Elendil, Aiglos and Narsil, none could withstand."<ref name="Council of Elrond" group=T>Template:Harvnb Book II, Chapter 2: "The Council of Elrond"</ref><ref group=T>Template:Harvnb p. 294</ref><ref group=T>Template:Harvnb pp. 148, 417</ref> The connection of Elf and spear could relate to the English surname Elgar, which may represent Old English Template:Lang, "elf-spear".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Heraldic devices
Tolkien created two sketches of heraldic devices for Gil-galad. They were drawn on an envelope posted to him in 1960, along with a device containing a star or Silmaril for Eärendil. The Tolkien scholars Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull note that matching the description in the poem, "The countless stars of heaven's field / Were mirrored in his silver shield", the lozenge-shaped devices both contain stars, with an elongated star in each corner.Template:Sfn Margaret Purdy, in Mythlore, writes that Gil-galad's shield, like all elvish heraldry personal not inherited, seems to incorporate his stars, though the field is blue not silver.<ref name="Purdy 1982">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Family tree
Template:Further Template:House of Finwë family tree
Concept and creation
Gil-galad means "star of bright light" in Sindarin.Template:Sfn His names in Tolkien's invented languages of Quenya and Sindarin were Artanáro and Rodnor, respectively. His Sindarin birth name, Ereinion, means "scion of kings".<ref name="Shibboleth of Fëanor2" group=T>Template:Harvnb "The Shibboleth of Fëanor", "The names of Finwë's descendants"</ref>
Tolkien considered several different parentages for Gil-galad in different draft texts, including making him the son of Orodreth.<ref name="Shibboleth of Fëanor" group=T>Template:Harvnb "The Shibboleth of Fëanor", "The parentage of Gil-galad"</ref> In the second version of The Fall of Númenor, he is called a descendant of Fëanor, who made the Silmarils.<ref group=T>Template:Harvnb Part One: II. The Fall of Númenor, (iii) "The second version of The Fall of Númenor"</ref> Then Tolkien treated him as a son of Finrod Felagund.<ref group=T>Template:Harvnb Part Two: "The Later Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin"</ref> Christopher Tolkien, editing the published version of The Silmarillion, made Gil-galad the son of Fingon, a decision he later regretted, saying he should have left the parentage obscure.<ref name="Shibboleth of Fëanor" group=T />
Renee Vink, of the Dutch Tolkien Society, suggests that the only good reason for making him son of Fingon is the correspondence of the colours, blue and silver, of Gil-galad's heraldic device and Fingolfin's banner. She notes that the publication of The Silmarillion, based on a limited "grasp of the material", created a "virtually unshakeable" tradition for this parentage. She argues that Orodreth has a better claim to paternity, for several reasons: the crown of the Noldor in exile (in Middle-earth) then comes to a descendant of Finarfin, king of the Noldor in Aman; a descendant of Finarfin would fight Sauron to avenge Finarfin's son Finrod; and as brother to Finduilas, he (alone of the Noldor's Kings) would fight with a spear, the weapon that killed his sister.<ref name="Vink 2013">Template:Cite journal</ref>
The scholar of literature Lawrence Krikorian, in Mallorn, writes that Elrond's account of his personal observation of being Gil-galad's herald in the Second Age, thousands of years earlier, helps to make the narrative function as history rather than allegory. This, he writes, lends an impression of depth.<ref name="Krikorian 2018">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Adaptations
Film, TV, and radio
In the 1981 BBC Radio 4 dramatisation of The Lord of the Rings, the Lay of Gil-galad was set to music by Stephen Oliver.<ref name="Sibley">Template:Cite web</ref>
In the Lord of the Rings film trilogy by Peter Jackson, Gil-galad is portrayed by Mark Ferguson. He appears very briefly in The Fellowship of the Ring during the opening prologue sequence.<ref name="Fellowship Cast">Template:Cite web</ref> Gil-galad is mentioned in the behind-the-scenes documentaries included with the Special Extended Edition DVD of The Fellowship of the Ring and is listed in the credits. In an interview with Ferguson and Craig Parker (Haldir), Ferguson stated that it had been planned for his death to be depicted onscreen as in the book, but it was considered too violent.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>
In the Amazon Prime Video The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power TV series, which focuses on events in the Second Age,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Gil-Galad is played by Benjamin Walker.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Games
Gil-galad has been included in multiple video games since Jackson's films were first shown. The 2004 video game The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age featured Mark Ferguson as Gil-galad.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> Others are the 2007 The Lord of the Rings Online; the 2011 The Lord of the Rings: War in the North;<ref>Template:Cite video game</ref> and the 2012 Lego The Lord of the Rings which has Gil-galad near Mount Doom.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>